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american literature part 2
american literature and society
Introduction to American literature
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James Wright was a poet that dealt with many hardships in his life, but he found a way to turn those negative moments into beautiful works of poetry. As a child, he lived in poverty with his family and later on suffered with depression and alcoholism. Growing up in Ohio, Wright learned how to work hard which is reflected in his poetic achievements. Wright turned his struggles into poems and for him to be able to achieve success through his pain is what makes his work American. Frank McShane wrote “The Search for Light” in Peter Stit and Frank Graziano’s James Wright: A Profile, and in the book McShane includes: “James Wright knew how restricted most American lives were” (131). For Wright to be able to live the “restricted” life McShane is discussing, …show more content…
In order for Wright to get away from the situation he was living in, which was a very industrial area, he created poetry about nature. Wright used imagery to describe these scenes of nature and then occasionally used personification to enhance the image in the reader’s mind. The James Wright’s poem “Lying in a Hammock…” depicts the calm scenery that surrounds him as he is lying in a hammock at his friend 's farm. He notices little details like “I see the bronze butterfly, / Asleep on the black trunk,” (1-2). The poet also sees “as the evening darkens and comes on. / A chicken hawk floats over, looking for a home.” (11-12). For Wright to be able to notice and describes these details show how relaxed he is. Wright found himself in a place where he had no thoughts on his mind and nothing to worry about other than to focus on the world around him. This poem allows readers to daydream along with Wright and to be momentarily taken away from the situation they are currently in. Authors, Jeffrey Gray, Mary Balkun, and …show more content…
For example, Wright 's “Lying in a Hammock” ends with the sudden realization of “I have wasted my life.” (13). This endstop in the poem is hugely out of place since the rest of the poem consisted of a positive tone. Wright added all the imagery in the beginning to emphasize the final line even more. Geoffrey H. Hartman plainly discusses the effect of why Wright added the endpoint at the end of the poem in “From Beyond the Middle Style” in Peter Stit and Frank Granziano’s James Wright: The Heart of the Light; he states “The last line is a challenge, not a moralism. It is meant to be one impression among others: we have images and we have thoughts; here is a thought.”(141). The last line was just a “thought” and allows readers access to Wright’s mind. Wright was just relaxing on a hammock and could not even last the whole day without a negative thought popping into his mind. A lot of people with a mental illness, like depression or anxiety, can relate to this idea, and Wright used the endpoint effectively to show how quick a person’s day can just turn around. The enjambment used in Wright 's “Fear Is What Quickens Me” shows the poet slowly deteriorating into this wild animal. In the second stanza Wright states, “ I can hear rabbits and mourning doves whispering together / In the dark grass, there / Under the trees.” (12-14). This particular enjambment carries on
Picture this, having to travel over 10,000 miles to get something you really wanted accomplished. This is one of the interesting points Mitch Kachun brings up about Mr. Wright in his essay “Major Richard R. Wright Sr. National Freedom Day, and the Rhetoric of Freedom in the 1940’s. In this essay he not only tells the very interesting story of Wright’s life but he also goes in details about everything that came up in his way and what he did to change the world and mold it to what we see today. One thing Kachun reminds us in this paper is to never forget or past and where we came from, because if we do we will repeat it. Also to pay our respects to a wonderful man who paved the way for us African American college students to be in the place that we are today.
In his poem “The Great Scarf of Birds”, John Updike uses a flock of birds to show that man can be uplifted by observing nature. Updike’s conclusion is lead up to with the beauty of autumn and what a binding spell it has on the two men playing golf. In Updike’s conclusion and throughout the poem, he uses metaphors, similes, and diction to show how nature mesmerizes humans.
...ng dwelled in because he was an useless African American in the eyes of the racist, white men. Little did he know that this decision he made in order to run away from poverty would become the impetus to his success as a writer later on in life. In Wright’s autobiography, his sense of hunger derived from poverty represents both the injustice African Americans had to face back then, and also what overcoming that hunger means to his own kind.
Kinnamon, Keneth. The Emergence of RIchard Wright: A Study in Literature and Society. 1973. Reprint, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972.
Wright's troubled past begins as a sharecropper while only a child. His childhood remained dark and abandoned. Richard Wright's father left him and his mother while he was only a child. The several episodes of dereliction resulted in the brief introduction of the orphanage. Subsequently his mother grew ill, and he lived with his grandmother whom treated him with brutality. Shortly after, he began a journey of rebirth and renewal, from the discriminant south to an opportunistic Chicago 1927. At this point in time, Wright began to develop his works through study and reading. His many jobs gave him the wealth and experience, along with many hardships and personal encounters to write about. Therefore, in his newfound love for literature and writing, he began to establish a firm foundation for himself by publishing an increasingly large amount of poetry and writing the early versions of Lawd Today and Tarbaby's Dawn. However, his name did not only attract those who wanted to appreciate a modern style of literature that would shake that grounds of racial distortion, but also attract the prying eyes of the public whom viewed his involvements in the Communist clubs, such as the Chicago John Reed...
Richard Wright, hero to the black American, was one of the first men to fight for equality among blacks and whites. In his writings, Richard expresses to white people what kind of hardships all young negroes go through and how this lifestyle affect their behavior. For it is our surroundings that often influence the way we react depending on the situation. After Wrights death may other novelists and authors were inspired by him and continued the fight for equality, among them James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Ann Petry, and Chester Himes. Although the final chapters of his life closed many years ago, Richard's hopes and dreams today remain an open book.
After reading the poem entitled “Youth”, I felt that James Wright was not only describing the life of his father but also the lives of the many other factory workers in the Ohio Valley. Many of these workers had either dropped out of school or went straight to the factories after high school, never really getting a chance to enjoy their lives as young `````adults. I think that has something to do with the title of this poem. It’s clear that Wright knew his father and the other men were not satisfied with their jobs and just chose not to speak about it. These factory workers slaved away and then came home “quiet as the evening” probably because they were content to just be relaxing at home with their families. They knew that this was their way of life and they had to do it, even if they had big dreams to someday get away. I think that Wright was also trying to make a point that these men who worked so hard every day were not valued as much as they should have been. These men did not have the education to get a higher paying job but they did have the proper skills and knowledge to work in the factories. I like that James Wright mentioned Sherwood Anderson in this poem as I enjoy his work. Anderson left his Ohio hometown for Chicago to pursuit bigger and better things because he knew if he stayed in the area, he would be unhappy. However, it is a little ironic that Anderson one day just got up and left in the middle of writing and was said to have a mental breakdown.
The poem America by Claude McKay is on its surface a poem combining what America should be and what this country stands for, with what it actually is, and the attitude it projects amongst the people. Mckay uses the form of poetry to express how he, as a Jamaican immigrant, feels about America. He characterizes the bittersweet relationship between striving for the American dream, and being denied that dream due to racism. While the America we are meant to see is a beautiful land of opportunity, McKay see’s as an ugly, flawed, system that crushes the hopes and dreams of the African-American people.
Emily Dickinson, a transcendentalist author, demonstrates how settings away from society and technology are representations for virtue and individuality. In her poem Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church she writes about how she stays home on Sundays saying, “I keep it, staying at Home/–With a Bobolink for a Chorister/–And an Orchard, for a Dome” (Some Keep the Sabbath going to Church). Dickinson uses objects of nature such as birds and flowers to convey that she loves nature so much she stays away from society. She basks in her natural haven far from a massive stone cathedral and an orthodox way of life. She is at peace in nature but more importantly she follows her own beliefs and ideas, exhibiting her independence. In Ken Kesey’s writing, one such example of a character who prospers greatly in nature is Billy Bibbit, the stuttering patient from Nurse Ratched’s ward. Throughout the first half of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Bibbit fails to show any genuine feelings other than fear due to the immense control the nurse has over his life. However, he finds courage on the expansive open ocean. When on the boat trip there is “a fuss as to who'd be the three that braved that [storm] without [life]jackets... Everybody was kind of surprised [when] Billy...volunteered...and helped the girl right into [his]” (252). Bibbit acts like a hero on the stormy seas, a far different
During the years of 1914-1945, Americans experienced suffering and sadness. The poem explains how the people suffered and lived with sadness but it made them stronger and taught them lessons. For example, Americans experienced The Great Depression which led to the stock market crash. ("Disillusion, Defiance, and Discontent..." 689-701). An important person living during this era was Amelia Earhart because she was the first women to fly across the Atlantic. Furthermore, an event that had a major impact at the time on Americans was Pearl Harbor. It was the attack
When thinking about nature, Hans Christian Andersen wrote, “Just living is not enough... one must have sunshine, freedom, and a little flower.” John Muir and William Wordsworth both expressed through their writings that nature brought them great joy and satisfaction, as it did Andersen. Each author’s text conveyed very similar messages and represented similar experiences but, the writing style and wording used were significantly different. Wordsworth and Muir express their positive and emotional relationships with nature using diction and imagery.
Steven Birkerts analysis of James Wright’s poem “Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota” is very nicely written. Birkerts starts out analyzing the title, he asks a very good question, “Why didn’t Wright just call his poem “Hammock,” or “Lying in a Hammock”? Does it matter to us that the hammock was hung at William Duffy’s farm, or that the farm was in Pine Island, Minnesota? No.” (par 1). This is a very good question, what is the significance of William Duffy? Pine Island, Minnesota? I agree that this place must have been important to the author, otherwise why even put these things in the title.
end. The purpose is quite obvious: the poet has come to the end of his
Nature is often a focal point for many author’s works, whether it is expressed through lyrics, short stories, or poetry. Authors are given a cornucopia of pictures and descriptions of nature’s splendor that they can reproduce through words. It is because of this that more often than not a reader is faced with multiple approaches and descriptions to the way nature is portrayed. Some authors tend to look at nature from a deeper and personal observation as in William Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, while other authors tend to focus on a more religious beauty within nature as show in Gerard Manley Hopkins “Pied Beauty”, suggesting to the reader that while to each their own there is always a beauty to be found in nature and nature’s beauty can be uplifting for the human spirit both on a visual and spiritual level.
The poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth is about the poet’s mental journey in nature where he remembers the daffodils that give him joy when he is lonely and bored. The poet is overwhelmed by nature’s beauty where he thought of it while lying alone on his couch. The poem shows the relationship between nature and the poet, and how nature’s motion and beauty influences the poet’s feelings and behaviors for the good. Moreover, the process that the speaker goes through is recollected that shows that he isolated from society, and is mentally in nature while he is physically lying on his couch. Therefore, William Wordsworth uses figurative language and syntax and form throughout the poem to express to the readers the peace and beauty of nature, and to symbolize the adventures that occurred in his mental journey.