Traditional theories regarded organisations as autonomous and isolated from the outside world and failed to take into account many environmental influences that affect their efficiency. ‘The term Open Systems reflected the newfound belief that all organizations are unique partly because of the environment in which they operate and partly because they should be structured to adapt to unique problems and opportunities’ (Inc.com, 2014) . Hanna (1997) similarly describes an Open System as a combination of parts (or elements) with interdependent relationships and open interactions with the external environment (p. 13). Furthermore, he describes the interactions of these elements as dynamic, fundamental systems processes (Hanna, 1997). Using the attributes of Open System Theory, I will apply them to my current workplace Figtree High School (FHS), specifically to the Flametree Complex (FC) and the Sydney Distance Education High School (SDEHS) program utilised by the school. Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a biologist, was the first to formulate the principles of the general theory of systems (French & Bell, 1999). According to his definition a system is a ‘set of elements standing in interaction’ or ‘a complex of interacting elements’ (BCSSS, 2014). Webster defines a system as a ‘regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole,’ which ‘is in, or tends to be in, equilibrium’ (Bernard, 1990). The literature provides various definitions of ‘system’, however, overall the concept of system indicates interdependence, interconnectedness and interrelation between its parts within a whole (French & Bell, 1999). The Open System model ‘conceives an organisation as a combination of parts with independent relationships and op... ... middle of paper ... ...s%20Schooling%20V1%20N1%202010.pdf Nadler, D. A., Hatvany, N. G., & Nina, G. H. (1980). Frameworks for organizational behaviorManaging Organizations: Little Brown. Retrieved from http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/pi/ppf/Congruence-Model.pdf. Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizations: rational, natural, and open systems. London: Prentice-Hall International. Sundarasaradula, D., & Hasan, H. (2004). Open systems and organisation theories: A unified open systems model for explaining organisational change. Retrieved 28th of March, 2014, from http://press.anu.edu.au//info_systems/mobile_devices/ch11s03.html Thien, L. M., & Razak, N. A. (2012). A proposed framework of school organization from open system and multilevel organisation theories. World applied sciences journal, 20(6), 889 - 899. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.388.2558&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2013). Reframing Organizations (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
An organization is structured in a certain way based on some factors. Size is a factor because the bigger the organization, the more complex its structure. If the company is small, the design is generally simple. A small company does not have to undergo a formal structure. Larger organizations depend more on authority delegation and formal work responsibility, because a bigger company is harder to manage. Another factor is the lifecycle of the organization. An organization undergoes the...
Organisations are structured in a variety of ways, depending on many aspects including their size, objectives, culture and management style. It is important to look at these aspects as these influence the design and the structure of the business.
One of the main struggles for principles and school boards in elementary schools is wondering if the district should switch classes, therefore this debate has been going on for a long time. Expert’s opinions vary, so greatly, that the vote has gone on since 2006. So far, some districts have tried out departmentalization, but the group is not widespread.
Gibson, James L., John M. Ivancevich, and James H. Donnelly, Jr. Organization: Behaviour, Structure, Processes. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
The primary theoretical foundation that the NSDS is based off at is the Opens system. In the Open system, the organization depends on a supporting environment for continued input and to ensure its sustainability (Meyer & O 'Brien-Pallas, 2010). This open system is necessary for organizations because they do not function in stable and predictable environments. The organization heavily relies on its environment to receive essential input and transform them into successful outputs that will benefit the environment.
Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. 6th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Change may be initiated in different theories, which provide a framework to explain and guide the change process (Katz, 2007). There are two basic types of change theory, namely personal or organisational, which
Devos, G., Buelens, M., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2007). Contribution of content, context, and process to understanding openness to organizational change: Two experimental simulation studies. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 607-29.
Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2008). Reframing organizations. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Boje, D. M. , Luhman, J. T. , and Cunliffe, A. L. “ A Dialectic Perspective on the Organization
Reasons for change can be down to adopting new corporate strategies, structures, process and technology to assist organisations handle internal and external environmental conditions effectively (Goksoy, 2015). However, merely adopting change cannot drastically drive through change so organisations need to go through reconstructive change to realign the organisations objectives (Green, 2007). Although change can be introduced in these drastic fashions it can also be emergent within an organisation due
Three waves of systems theory were developed (Healy, 2005). The first wave, being General systems theory. General systems theory is about focussing on a more effective social order for the client,...
In conclusion, this cycle of events will unequivocally impact the foundation by which the organization stands. Katz and Kahn (1971) insisted that the open systems theory is merely a framework that illustrates how the cycle of events impact the organizational system. To this, Harrison and Shirom (1999) and Authentic Consulting (2016) emphasized that it was imperative that the open system of the organization to remain healthy and adaptable in order to remain effective and
Organizations must operate within structures that allow them to perform at their best within their given environments. According to theorists T. Burns and G.M Stalker (1961), organizations require structures that will allow them to adapt and react to changes in the environment (Mechanistic vs Organic Structures, 2009). Toyota Company’s corporate structure is spelt out as one where the management team and employees conduct operations and make decisions through a system of checks and balances.