ENERGY SAVING
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Improvements to the insulation of the structure of the houses
2.1 Draught-proofing
2.2 Wall insulation
2.3 Floor insulation
2.4 Windows
2.5 Roof insulation
3. Energy Audit
4. Examine methods of supplying
4.1 Air source heat pumps
4.2 Ground Source Heat Pumps
4.3 Solar panels (PV)
4.4 Solar water heating
4.5 Thermal stores
4.6 Wood-fuelled heating
5. Critical analysis of the performance
5.1 Air source heat pumps
5.2 Ground Source heat pumps
5.3 Solar Panels
5.4 Solar Water Heating
5.5 Wood-fuelled heating
6. Bibliography
1. Introduction
Currently, there is an excessive consumption of energy in buildings, which constitutes an obstacle to the achievement of the assumptions inherent in the development and sustainable construction sector. For this reason, efforts should be develop to enable the construction of energy efficient buildings, which relies on the adoption of a set of techniques aimed at reducing the energy consumption of the building throughout its life cycle, and at the same time ensuring comfort to the occupants.
2. Improvements to the insulation of the structure of the houses
2.1 Draught-proofing
Is one of the most efficient ways to save energy and also one of the cheapest. Draughts are a little like ventilation, both let fresh air into the house. Adequate ventilation helps reduce condensation and humidity, however draughts are uncontrolled: they let in a lot of cold air and lose heat.
To draught-proof the house, must block up unwanted gaps that allow cold air in and hot air out. Saving hot air means that less energy will be used to heat the home, making the house comfortable and pleasant ...
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...s absorbed throughout the months and years that the plant was growing. The process is sustainable until new plants continue to grow in place of those used for fuel.
6. Bibliography
http://sites.fct.unl.pt/geotpu/files/construcao_sustentavel_-_propostas_de_melhoria_da_eficiencia_energetica_em_edificios_de_habitacao.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/greenhomes/ReduceEnergy.htm
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Insulation/Solid-wall-insulation
http://www.cse.org.uk/advice/advice-and-support/solid-wall-insulation--
internal
http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/floor-insulation/
http://www.planlocal.org.uk/media/transfer/doc/energy_survey_enabled.pdf
http://www.planlocal.org.uk/media/transfer/doc/energy_survey_enabled.pdf
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Insulation/Roof-and-loft-insulation
The advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM) actuated the integration of different construction data in a single model. Bynum, Issa and Olbina (2012) suggested the implementation of BIM in the Design phase of construction to enhance the sustainable aspects of the design and construction. Azhar et al. (2011) described the use of BIM in determining material’s reuse, effective building orientation and perform daylight analysis to increase the sustainability of the building. According to the previous research the use of BIM during the design phase to perform the energy analysis will result in an efficient design minimizing the energy consumption of the building resulting in a sustainable building.
Whether dealing with any building certain services need to be considered at the design stage to enable occupiers have reasonable conditions and a comfortable working environment. HVAC systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) are used to provide buildings with ‘conditioned air’ which is odourless and fresh, as well as ensuring the temperature, humidity and flow of the air is within a certain comfort range appealing to the occupiers. Figure 1 on page 5 is a diagram which explains a basic design process when designing a heating or ventilation system for a building.
When possible, external retrofitting insulation is advantageous since it has many technical and structural benefits. Conditions are especially in favor of external retrofit insulation when the external walls require to be repaired or when existing walls becomes irresistible for climate changes such as rain and frost. External retrofit insulation can be placed continuously on the wall surface so that cold bridges at the floor separations and on adjoining inside walls will be eliminated. In this way the existing wall will maintain a higher temperature and will not be endangered to humidity and moisture accumulation. External retrofit insulation also has a significant importance in the sense that it does not both the inhabitants if the building with no damage of internal living
Window frames—There are many types of window frames, and each window frame helps to keep cold air out of your home. Your options for window frames include vinyl, wood, aluminum, fiberglass, or composite.
Despite the fact that novel technologies are continuously under development to complement existing practices in coming up with greener buildings, the universal intent is that such structures are designed to diminish the general effect on the built environment on health of the humans in addition to the natural environment via: Diminishing environmental degradation, pollution and waste, improving productivity of the employee and guarding occupant health, efficient usage of water, energy, in addition to other resources.
Keeping a stable room temperature is the purpose of Loft insulation. It is a fairly simple method of insulating, but is very effective. The air cells in loft insulation is a very bad conductor, but a good insulator. When Winter comes around the corner, people crank up their heaters. The warm air rises to the ceiling and loft insulation blocks the heat from escaping. It is the same when Summer arrives. It also keeps warm from coming inside your house by blocking its passage.
The main losses occurs during the operation of boiler are Radiation and Convection losses. The basic strategies for reducing radiation and convection losses are insulation and the control of any airflow over the surface of a boiler are the main technique used for the reduction of radiation and convection losses. The lower heat losses and surface temperature can be reduced to its extent level by giving proper insulation. Shielding an industrial boiler from outdoor winds and indoor drafts will prevent heat from being lost due to air flow over the surface of the boiler.
The design is simple and advantages of being silent compare to with Mechanical Dehumidifier. It is less Coefficient of Performance and this is used for small dehumidifier. Ice making is difficulty with refrigeration dehumidifiers.
Thermal comfort for human occupants is the primary objective of most buildings’ heating and cooling system designs. There are numerous studies regarding thermal comfort in different climates around the world. Providing a thermally comfortable environment is one of the key factors to satisfy overall Indoor Environmental Quality of a building. A thermally comfortable environment would increase the performance and productivity of the occupancy there are numerous studies regarding thermal comfort in different climates around the world. Scientific studies of thermal comfort were only possible after the development of the capacity to measure temperature with certain precision.
order to prevent heat loss, and openings such as windows tend to be small or
Well-recognized cities worldwide have built over the years great buildings with a variety of designs and concepts however consequently too much building has been making grievous decrease on energy efficiency. Now, “Green Architecture” has been popularized and as a result a modicum of energy efficiency has increased and also it has substantiated a new perspective, a new versatile way on architecture.
As the environmental problems become more and more serious these years, especially that intense negative impact that buildings in modern cities bring to the cities, the concept of Green Building is being more and more important considered by local and federal government. According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), a green building is one that utilizes design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and the building's occupants. Besides the more and more advanced building structure and technology, the main goal of green building is to protect the health of the occupants, save energy and reduce pollution to environment. There are many certifications of green buildings to judge whether the building meets the standard of green buildings and what environmental performance level is this building at, to help government regulators, building professionals and consumers to see better how this building can be improved and what is its impact on human beings and environment. Such green building programs include Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program, National Association of Home Builders (NAHB Green), etc. Among them, LEED is one of the most popular certification programs that give the building credits for its environmental performance. In this essay, I will discuss the costs and benefits of different types of building projects that were certified by LEED.
Zero drafts – Spray foam insulation can prevent inefficient air flow into and out of the house.
Life changed immensely in the 20th century as air conditioning and refrigeration systems became more efficient and controllable. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration play important roles in providing human comfort, food processing, storage, and many other industrial processes. We chose this topic because our life would be difficult without AC and Refrigeration. This paper will talk about the history of air conditioning and refrigeration, the role of engineers in designing and building it, people’s life before and after air conditioning and refrigeration, and finally Applications in the area of achievements and future developments.
Protect your hair and scalp-Our hair is made up of collagen, which is dependent upon moisture to remain flexible. Dry air results in dry, brittle, dull hair. Keeping the air in your home at proper levels of humidity through the winter months can help you maintain healthy hair and