The earliest memory Sara Josephine Baker had of her childhood was the urge to help people. As a child Josephine was all dolled up for a wonderful occasion in her nicest outfit, she had the appearance of a model for the upper-class Victorian American child that she was. Baker was waiting for her mother to get ready, so she went to sit by the road, wishing someone would stop to admire her. In just a little bit of time, a poor black girl, around the same age as Baker, came up to her. Sara recalled her as dressed in rags and looking hungry. Sara didn’t even think about it, she took off all her clothes, including her new kid-leather shoes, gave them to the little girl, whom was very grateful. She then went back home naked, but her parents had complete understanding why she helped that little girl. This yearning to help the poor, specifically children would encourage Sara throughout her life, in 1898, when women weren’t even able to vote. When Baker was 16 her life drastically changed when her brother and father both passed away in just a 3 month period. She then changed her plans of following her mother’s footsteps and going to Vassar, she needed to find a way to support herself and her family. When she revealed that she had chosen to be a physician, it shocked everybody. "There was no medical tradition on either side of my family. There were lawyers but no doctors. And both sides of the family were aghast at the idea of my spending so much money in such.., a harebrained and unwomanly scheme.”(Baker, 1800s fighting for life). In the late 1800s it was not even heard of that a woman would attend medical school, where nowadays it is perfectly normal. Baker then decided she would become one of the Unites States first women doctor’s. Even ... ... middle of paper ... .... Boston, Mass: Beacon Press; 1996. Morantz-Sanchez R. Sara Josephine Baker. In: American National Biography. Vol 2. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999:32–34. Baker SJ. Healthy Babies: A Volume Devoted to the Health of the Expectant Mother and the Care and Welfare of the Child. Minneapolis, Minn: The Federal Publishing Co.; 1920. Baker SJ. Healthy Mothers: A Volume Devoted to the Health of the Expectant Mother and the Care and Welfare of the Child. Minneapolis, Minn: The Federal Publishing Co.; 1920. Baker SJ. Healthy Children: A Volume Devoted to the Health of the Growing Child. Minneapolis, Minn: The Federal Publishing Co.; 1920. Baker SJ. The Growing Child. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown, and Co.; 1923. Voices from the past. Sara Josephine Baker (1873-1945). By: Parry MS, American Journal of Public Health, 00900036, April 1, 2006, Vol. 96, Issue 4
Contrary to having doctors deliver babies today, midwives were called upon to deliver babies during the eighteenth century. There were many more midwives than there were doctors during that time. In addition, Martha served as a midwife, nurse, physician, mortician, pharmacist, and attentive wife simultaneously (40). Aside from being able to deliver babies, midwives were also highly experienced in medical care—they tended to wounds, diagnosed illnesses, and made medicine. Midwives were more accessible and abundant when compared to doctors—they did not require any formal training or education. When the medical field was underdeveloped, the midwives were the leading resource when it was related to medical conflicts.
The author, Elizabeth Brown Pryor, wrote her biography of Clara Barton with the intent to not only tell her life, but to use personal items (diary and letters) of Clara’s found to help fill information of how Clara felt herself about incidents in her life. Her writing style is one that is easy to understand and also one that enables you to actually get pulled into the story of the person. While other biographical books are simply dry facts, this book, with the help of new found documents, allows Pryor to give a modern look on Barton’s life. This book gave a lot of information about Ms. Barton while also opening up new doors to the real Clara Barton that was not always the angel we hear about. Pryor’s admiration for Ms. Barton is clear in her writing, but she doesn’t see her faults as being a bad thing, but rather as a person who used all available means to help her fellow soldiers and friends along in life.
She then returned to Canada in 1875 to and write and pass licensing exams, making her the first Canadian woman doctor licenced to practice. She also later went on to inspire the women in Canada interested in medicine and opened the Women’s Medical College in Kingston, Ontario (Forster 264). Jennie’s story is one of extreme determination and strength. She never let anyone else dictate what she was going to do, and with this mindset achieved her dream. Jennie pioneered the way for future Canadian women entering the medical field. She was willing to stand up to people who told her she could not do it and mocked her. She would have been a very strong and courageous woman at that time to stand up to men, knowing she was right. Because of Jennie Trout and her willingness to stand up for what she believed women deserved, made all the change for women of the
Nellie was born in Missouri in 1876. “She was the sixth child and the first daughter of James and ‘Lizzie’ Tayloe” (Scheer, 2). Nellie was very private about her childhood and little is known about the family from which she came. The only story of her childhood that she ever shared was of her home being destroyed by a fire (Scheer, 1). In 1902, she became Nellie Tayloe Ross after marrying a successful lawyer and future governor of Wyoming, William Bradford Ross. Nellie was a stay at home mother with their four sons; twins George and James Ambrose, Alfred, who died at the age of ten months, and William Bradford II (Mackey, 26).
... treasury in 1934 (Abbott, Leonard, Noel, 2013, pp 479). Josephine was an inspiration to others and was a driven woman. She wanted to help others and that is exactly what she did in her life. She helped women and their families, as well as mine workers. Her successful life ended in 1976 in Washington, DC.
One of Harriet’s greatest achievements is that Harriet had worked as a nurse in the civil war. During the Civil war Harriet had worked in a hospital helping wounded soldiers. For four years and hard effort she did not ...
Social medicine was important to the community in eighteenth century Hallowell. Female midwives were a part of a social network. This differed from the traditional way people thought of midwives. “In western tradition, midwives have inspired fear, reverence amusement, and disdain. They have been condemned for witch craft, eulogized for Christian benevolence, and caricatured for bawdy humor and old wives’ tales” (46). This view changed in the eighteenth century because midwives were starting to be seen as a necessary part of the medical community. Midwifes were used for most births during this time, and doctors were only summoned if there was a medical emergency that was out of the midwives medical capabilities. During the delivery of children relatives and neighbors would come together for a social gathering. The most prominent physicians of Hallowell, Maine were Daniel Cony, Samuel Colman, Benjamin Page, and Benjamin Vaughan (48). Physicians believed that midwives were an important part of the medical community. Male physicians relied on more studied mainstream ways to cure diseases. In contrast, Martha believed nature alone offered cures for illnesses. However, she was not ignorant to mainstream medicine and would rely on those cures if one of her family members were in
After her graduation from Shaw University, Baker migrated to New York City on the eve of the Great Depression, determined to find an outlet for her intellectual curiosity and growing compassion for social justice. She was deeply moved by the terrible conditions she witnessed on the streets of Harlem during the 1930s; scenes of poverty, hunger, and desperation.
While Jim Crow laws were reeking havoc on the lives of African Americans in the South, a massed exodus of Southern musicians, particularly from New Orleans, spread the seeds of Jazz as far north as New York City. A new genre of music produced fissures in the walls of racial discrimination thought to be impenetrable. Musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, "King" Oliver and Fletcher Henderson performed to the first desegregated audiences. Duke Ellington starred in the first primetime radio program to feature an African American artist. And a quirky little girl from Missouri conquered an entire country enthralled by her dark skin, curvaceous body and dynamic personality. Josephine Baker was more than a Jazz musician. She embodied the freedom and expressiveness of that which is known as Jazz.
While the concept of the profession began in the 17th century, our paper will focus more on the contemporary American history starting in the 1940s. Dr. Amos Johnson, a founder of the American Board of Family Practice, hired a hospital orderly named Henry Treadwell to assist in the daily activities of his office. Dr. Johnson’s practice in Garland, North Carolina, initiated the spread of the physician assistant model across the state. Dr. Eugene Stead and his general medicine residents at Duke University took interest in this idea. In 1942, due to the lack of adequate medical care during World War II, Dr. Stead created a three year medical doctorate fast-track program. This sparked the idea that perhaps one day he could implement a similar program to alleviate the physician shortage in the United States.
The first female psychiatrists working the asylums were not were not as McGovern put it “movers and shakers” (541). These women faced constant discrimination in their work. Being viewed as less ambitious and incapable of performing as well as a man, female psychiatry, unsurprisingly, rarely had a position of authority. Male assistances received special training opportunities which in turn led them to be promoted while women were stuck in low paying positions. In 1881, Alice Bennett, one of the earliest females to be appointed “Female Physician”, found herself in a small controversy regarding surgery. Despite the fact that Bennett made great strides for the improvement of patient treatment in asylums, she faced brutal attacks from people who
Josephine Baker was an exceptional woman who never depended on a man. She never hesitated to leave a man when she felt good and ready. In her lifetime she accomplished many great things. She adopted 12 children, served France during World War II, and was an honorable correspondent for the French Resistance. She fought against fascism in Europe during World War II and racism in the United States. She grew up poor and left home at an early age and worked her way onto the stage. Baker was more popular in France than in the states. Audiences in America were racist towards Baker and that’s when she vowed she wouldn’t perform in a place that wasn’t integrated.
However, women desired a higher education. Elizabeth Blackwell is a prime example of women’s fight for a medical degree, one of the first STEM environments available to women. In order to kick-start her education she wrote to all of the doctors that she knew, requesting advice and help. However, most of the doctors replied that they thought it impossible, that a woman would not be able to endure the rigors of a medical education, and that they feared the competition that women doctors would bring. Elizabeth persisted, finally making her way to Philadelphia, a city famous for its study in medicine, to stay with Dr. Elder, one of the few supporters of her education. Once here she continued writing letters and actually found many friends who agreed to support her cause, but unfortunately universities were not included in this list of friends. Elizabeth then pursued an education at the University of Geneva in New York where the Medical Faculty and students agreed to accept her. While at first the university cared about the press coverage that Elizabeth’s spot would bring, she eventually established her rightful place as a student there. Although she encountered some resentment among the wives of doctors and other people living in the small town, Elizabeth ...
Healthy Child Care America. (2007, April). Health and Safety E-News for Caregivers and Teachers. Retrieved from Healthy Child Care America: http://www.healthychildcare.org/ENewsApr07.html
Murray, Linda, Anna McGrail, and Daphne Metland. The Baby Center Essential Guide ToYour Baby's First Year. N.p.: Holtzbrinck, 2007. 185-88. Print.