INTRODUCTION
Minor salivary gland tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with great histomorphologic variation1 accounting for 11% of all the salivary gland tumours.2 The ratio of benign and malignant tumours in case of minor salivary gland tumours is closer to 1:1 revealing their aggressive biological behaviour.3 Highly cellular variants accounting for 12-15% of the pleomorphic adenomas4 are more likely to undergo malignant change, with 50% of carcinomas developing in cell-rich variants of pleomorphic adenomas.2 We present here a case report of a longstanding palatal cellular pleomorphic adenoma in a 53 year old male patient which gave misleading results following FNAC.
CASE REPORT
A 53 year old male patient reported with the complaint of swelling on his palate since 14 years. Onset of swelling was insidious and it slowly and painlessly progressed to the present size. Swelling was not associated with tenderness, discharge, ulceration or any tingling sensation. However, patient had difficulty in speech since past 2 to 3 years. General health of the patient, symmetry of the face, adequacy of mouth opening was preserved. No lymphadenopathy was detected. On examination, there was a well defined swelling with bosselated smooth surface measuring approximately 6 x 5 cm in diameter on right side of the palate, extending from upper right canine to distal of upper right third molar antero-posteriorly and from palatal gingival margin to 0.5 cm beyond midline medio-laterally. Swelling was attached to the overlying mucosa which appeared stretched and adjacent surrounding mucosa was normal (Figure 1). Palpation revealed varying consistency of the swelling which was soft towards the center, firm on the periphery except on pa...
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...t show local recurrence 1 year after surgery. This rare case of cellular pleomorphic adenoma alerts the clinician to keep in mind that though cellular pleomorphic adenoma accounts for only about 12-15% of the pleomorphic adenomas3, its diagnosis can be mystifying based on FNAC alone due to its histological features similar to many other salivary gland tumours. Hence FNAC, which is well accepted as the initial approach in the morphologic diagnosis of salivary gland lesions, is not of much help in case of cellular variant of pleomorphic adenomas.4 Also malignant degeneration is more in case of cellular pleomorphic adenoma especially those arising on palate as they are rarely mucoid in nature.2 Regular attentive follow up is mandatory especially in cases with tumours of long duration, larger size in male patients as they have more chances of malignant degeneration.11
innovations to be introduced into swine production,” said Dr Forsberg. “We have demonstrated that the gene can be transferred by breeding through many generations in a stable fashion. Furthermore, the pigs are healthy.” These Enviropigs have altered salivary glands which permits them to consume the phosphorus in feed stuff and reduce the amount of phosphorus they exhaust to prevent destroying the algae in oceans, consequently creating ‘dead zones’. There are various reasons as to why Enviropigs are beneficial
In this series of patients there were four cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, four cases of the major or minor salivary glands and three tongue carcinomas. Diagnosis of head and neck cancer during the pregnancy had an impact on gestation of delivery with the majority delivered preterm to accommodate further treatment intervention. One patient had a termination of pregnancy to undergo treatment. However all infants recovered well and there were no maternal deaths (need to confirm). Diagnosis and
training and align myself closer to my goals. I specifically would like to continue the research on the markers that predict prognosis and explain the radiation resistance of adenoid cystic carcinoma. I would also like to perform a study on salivary gland tumors from patients who have been exposed to radiation from the 1986 nuclear disaster at
cause systemic diseases of the heart, kidney, uterus, nervous, and endocrine systems.” (It’s All in Your Head: The Link Between Mercury Amalgams and Illness by Dr. Hal Higgins) <<>> • You can destroy a tumor(s) with resonance technology or surgery, but, if root canal teeth aren’t extracted, tumors can accumulate all over again. • If you have gum disease, the toxins in your mouth are a serious cancer risk. People who practice excellent oral hygiene live an average of 12 years longer than those who
kind of radiation is never safe. Radio waves might not affect the human body immediately, but after a long period of time the effects are bound to reveal. Cell phones can increase the risk of cancer because its radiation affects brain cells, causes tumors, and is hazardously absorbed by the tissues in the body. To start off, radiation from cell phones affect the activity of brain cells when it is held close to the side of the head. According to the article, “Cell Phones May Be Carcinogenic Hazards”
the cheeks and jaw, (mastication). Abducens nerves regulates the eye gaze directions. Facial nerves controls de facial expressions and stimulates the salivary and lacrimal glands. Vestibulochlear nerve transmit signals to the inner ear which are perceived as sounds and maintain the balance. Glossopharyngeal nerve controls the salivary glands and transmits sensory signals from the tongue and pharynx. The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for the movement of the tongue. Vagus nerve is the only
nerve innervate the the lacrimal glands of the eyes, nasal and palatine glands, and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (Marieb & Hoehn). The facial nerve consists of mixed nerves with associated parasympathetic fibers (Marieb & Hoehn). It conveys motor impulses to skeletal muscles of the face: the muscles of facial expression (Marieb & Hoehn). It transmits parasympathetic motor impulses to the lacrimal glands for tear production, nasal and palatine glands for smell and mucous production
Introduction 1.head and neck cancer Around all over the world head and neck [H&N] malignant tumors are considered a major public health disorder. Head and neck cancers represent roughly about 6% of all cancers types. Two main risk factors cause this type of cancer are tobacco and alcohol, other risk factors can participate such as prolonged sun exposure, Some strains of virus, Gender, Age, Race ,Poor Oral and dental hygiene, environmental or occupational inhalants (certain chemicals, wood dust, paint
sperms electrically active cellular nature (19). Research also points to an increased risk of multiple types of cancer (Hardell 40). Epidemiologic evidence in the last few years claims that mobile phone usage and risks of brain tumors and other types, such as salivary gland tumors in the adult head have grown tremendously Englert 2 (Soderquist, Carlberg, and Hardell 576). Though research continues, the risk and questionable exposure gives concern for all. In the journal of
Plasmodium falciparum: The Causative Agent of Malaria Introduction The protozoan Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for causing 500 million cases of malaria per year as well as 100-200 million deaths per year worldwide (Kuby, p438). The majority of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among malnourished children. Malaria is endemic in 92 countries, where 40% of the world’s population is at risk of the disease (WHO). Documentation of malaria occurs as far back as 4000BC, with
Adrenal Glands Identification and description of organs which make up the endocrine system The human body comprises of organ systems which distinct but work together as a coordinated single unit (Marieb & Hoehn 1-35). This paper will single out the endocrine system because discussing the organ system in entirety is beyond the scope of this assignment. The adrenaline glands form part and parcel of the endocrine system, thus, the relevance of the topic. The endocrine glands comprise glands which secrete
The thyroid is one of the most essential glands in the body. It is located in the endocrine system, and sits right in the neck just above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland functions to produce hormones that control how every cell in the body utilizes energy, also known as a process called metabolism. When a person's thyroid abnormally produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, this is a condition referred to as hyperthyroidism. The causes of hyperthyroidism are known to include:
to cancerous cells requires gene alterations. Altered genes and uncontrolled growth may lead to tumors. These tumors can be benign (NOT cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors won’t spread but it can damage tissues around it. Malignant tumors invade, damage, and destroy nearby tissues and can spread. Cancer can spread throughout the body when cancer cells break away from malignant tumors and enter the bloodstream. Cancer cells from breast cancer are mostly found in the lymph nodes under
tissues, such as salivary glands, and sebaceous glands, secrete chemical substances through ducts into an open space. (Constanti et al. 1998; Wilson et al. 1998) Hormones: Hormones are molecules that are produced by endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads, (i.e., testes and ovaries), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreas. The term “endocrine” implies that in response to specific stimuli, the products of those glands are
Burkitt's lymphoma patients usually have high antibodies of EBV (6). This disease involves tumors in the throat and jaw area due to EBV (6). There are also traces of EBV genome in specimens from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (6). Nasopharynegeal carcinoma is cancer of the nose and throat and EBV is found in almost all of the tumors (7). Hodgkin's disease is possibly linked with EBV because of the swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin, and similar