Sadi Carnot was a French engineer (one of the few engineers that history remembers) who contributed greatly to the development of the field of thermodynamics. Although he only published one paper, which went largely unrecognized during his life, a testament to the influence of his ideas is the fact that his ideal heat engine is well known to modern day students of thermodynamics.
Sadi Carnot was born in France in 1796. His life took place during turbulent times; France endured thirty-five years of war, revolution, and unending political turmoil. Twice Napoleon came to power, and twice he was driven out and the monarchy restored. Sadi Carnot's father, Lazare, was one of the most powerful men in France during the early nineteenth century. Not only did he serve as a member of the five-man executive Directory and briefly hold the role of Napoleon's war minister, he also made advancements in science and engineering. Lazare was interested in broad operating principles that govern machinery; his most important conclusion was that accelerations and shocks in the moving parts in machinery must be minimized because they lead to losses of work output.
Although Lazare is most remembered for his work in politics and warfare, his ideas built a foundation for his son Sadi to begin his own work. His work on water machines (such as waterwheels) was particularly influential to Sadi Carnot's thinking; his theoretical heat engine is somewhat analogous to work done when water falls from a high place to a low place.
In 1812, at age 16, Sadi Carnot attended Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. His instructors included Siméon-Denis Poisson, André-Marie Ampère, and François Arago. After graduating, he attended a military engineering school, but later fo...
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... heat pump was less than the work given off by the heat engine (hence the need for a variable work output requirement for this thing to work), then using two differing heat reservoirs you could produce unlimited work.
Carnot was, however, a strong believer in the impossibility of perpetual motion, so he used this whole scenario as proof that there can be no variation in the work output of an ideal heat engine if the heat input Qh and the two reservoir temperatures Th and Tc are the same.
Incidentally, the "heat pump" that Carnot envisioned has a practical application: refrigerators. A refrigerator uses the expansion and compression of a gas to transfer heat away from the inside of the refrigerator and radiate it out to the surroundings. This expansion and compression of the gas requires work to proceed - so the whole process is the opposite of a heat engine.
He was a military leader.“He emancipated slaves and negotiated for the French colony of Hispaniola”. (E.Fass)-(Britannica.com) .He led the slave army and later on he had negotiated with napoleon which made napoleon agree to the terms of peace . Both revolutions were inspired by the American Revolution , because both revolutions wanted enlightenment ideas that involved natural rights, such equality and freedom. Both had a terrible class system. Due to having a terrible class system large gaps were created between the rich and the poor . France had three estates which made people selfish to other people at the time it was called the Old Regime. Haiti had three classes also, but they were divided but they were split up by skin color this was called colonization.The majority of populations had belonged to the lower classes because of profit . The French had to have something to motivate them into why they are going through war, so they had a motto and they used three powerful words Liberty, Equality ,and Fraternity. Both French and Haiti had riots overtime. In France, a mob attacked the Paris building of Bastille. Which later be named as the fall of Bastille. Why was it
In The Other Side of the Sky by Farah Ahmedi, Farah suffers from coping with the Taliban in her daily life. Farah describes the Taliban as “a terrible army of big bearded boys” and “wild alien beings, or beasts from another world.” The group took all of Farah’s family away from her, and the Ahmedi family was just another unfortunate victim of the Taliban’s violence, when the group rose to power.
As he was wandering through Glasgow Green he struck upon an idea that would revolutionize the steam engine. This idea was "that in order to make the best use of the steam it was necessary that first, that the cylinder should always remain as hot as the steam which entered it; secondly that when the steam was condensed, the water of which it is composed, and injection itself, should be cooled down to a 100 degrees, or lower where it is possible." This method did not work at first, but in 1765 he discovered "that if a communication were opened between a cylinder containing steam and another vessel, which was exhausted of air and other fluids, the steam, as an elastic fluid would immediately rush into the empty vessel, and continue to do so until it had established an equilibrium. If that vessel were kept dry and cool by an injection, or otherwise, more steam would continue to enter until the whole was condensed." He fixed the problem of water and air coming out of the exhausted vessel by adding a pump to extract both air and water. This is Watt's great contribution to the Newcome steam engine which would now run faster, cleaner, safer, and more economically efficient. This made the steam engine a useful economical source of power which for over a hundred years stayed exactly the same without alteration.
Lewis Latimer and John Deere were both very determined men living through a hardship. John Deere was a blacksmith who invented the steel plow, to help the people of Illinois cultivate the soil. Lewis Latimer served in the U.S. Navy during the Civil War, and in the end, improved the lightbulb more than Edison did. Their roads to success were similar, yet still different.
New technology is arriving every day. The greatest invention during this time was the steam engine. The creation of the steam engine was credited to James Watt. There had been other steam engines before James Watt’s, but none of them were efficient. Watt’s engine was the first efficient engine that could be used in a factory.
Francois Viete went to many places and did a lot of things. He lived for 63 years. In his life he got to do more or at least as much he wanted to do. He got to work for Kings, and also been married twice. Francois Viete was a very interesting. He also went to a few different countries.
At the age of twenty-four, Norbert Rillieux was a teacher of applied mechanics at a school in Paris. In 1830, he put out a series of papers about steam economy and steam engine work, a prelude to his invention involving steam. In fact, it was during the time that he was writing these papers, most likely, that he created his theory about multiple effect evaporation. Between 1884 and 1854, he created the Rillieux apparatus, a revolutionary invention. In 1864, he patented his first model, and advanced the system for eight more years, and received more patents. It took him ten years to create the final model because he was black, and there were prejudices he had to deal with in addition to his invention.
This cultural theorist and analyst was born in Cherbourg, a port-city northwest of Paris. His parents were Louis Barthes, a naval officer, and Henriette Binger. His father died in 1916, during combat in the North Sea. In 1924, Barthes and his mother moved to Paris, where he attended (1924-30) the Lycee Montaigne. Unfortunately, he spent long periods of his youth in sanatoriums, undergoing treatment for TB. When he recovered, he studied (1935-39) French and the classics at the University of Paris. He was exempted from military service during WW II (he was ill with TB during the period 1941-47). Later, when he wasn't undergoing treatment for TB, he taught at a variety of schools, including the Lycees Voltaire and Carnot. He taught at universities in Rumania (1948-49) and Egypt (1949-50) before he joined (in 1952) the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, where he devoted his time to sociology and lexicology.
Valarie Thomas was born in Maryland in the month of May of 1943. When she was young, math and science was not encouraged of her, but soon she developed a fascination with the mysteries of technology. At eight years old, she borrowed a book from the library, called “The Boy’s First Book on Electronics.” Although, her father was also interested in electronics, he would not help her with any of the projects that were found in the book. For in the 1950s most parents and schools didn’t deem electronics and other scientific subjects to be a suitable career for women. Valerie attended an all-girls high school. While in high school, she decided to take accelerated math classes, she also continued to work on her technological ability as more of a curiosity.
Lines are one of the fundamentals of all drawings. The lines in this drawing represent shape, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, movement and a range of emotions. In “Three Mile Island” Jacquette uses a mixture of horizontal lines to suggest distance and calm, through his use of thick and thin lines he shows delicacy and strength.
Nicolas Carnot was born on June 1, 1796 in Paris, France. He was the son of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. When Sadi was born his father was a member of the Directory, which was the French Revolutionary government. Sadi was brought up in a rough evironment of clashing politics and sciences. His father retired from his position as napoleon's minister in order to devote his time to educating his two sons. At the age of 16 Sadi was sent to Lycee Charlemagne in Paris in order to prepare him for the testings to get into Ecole Polytechnique. At this young age of 16 he entered the Ecole Polytechnique, two years later at the age of 18 he graduated from there. After this he took a two year course in military engineering.
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Ever since I was a child, I have had a great interest for the automotive industry. From car trivia to novel innovations, my innate passion for the automotive industry has always made me research the minutest detail of every vehicle that interested me. Since elementary school I would draw sketches of cars which incorporated technology which were unheard of at that time; novel devices such as electrochromic windshields, HUD displays, and wind turbines which would constantly re-generate electricity for the car. While growing up, my hobbies largely consisted of constructing countless Lego and Meccano sets, and repairing my mom’s 19 year-old car. In middle school, math and science were my favorite subjects: applying science and mathematics to solve real-world problems has fascinated me and I have also taken further steps to reach my goals. By the age of thirteen I devised a scaled model of a heliostat power plant, which successfully powered a light bulb. The mathematics beyond the focus points of parabolic dishes and thermodynamics was very advanced for my age, but I took up the challenge...
...sues of his time, such as also saving the French’s silk industry after a mysterious disease attacked their nurseries, or creating the anthrax and rabies vaccines while revolutionizing the vaccination methods still in use partly today. He was given the highest scientific awards of his time and buried with prestige in a special location in France, a sure sign of respect for the bequeathed information we received from this great man (Ullmann, “Louis”). His discoveries created multiple different disciplines of science, saved many lives, prevented industrial collapses in his country, and are still very valid and strong ideas today. His legacy lives on in the multiple branches of science that he was simply too busy to allow the necessary amount of time to properly research. This is the type of man that our generation should look up to as a hero and use as an influence.
...s At The College De France: 1975-76. Eds. Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana. Trans. David Macy. Intro.