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Megan Nicole Kanka was a seven-year-old girl who lived in Hamilton Township, New Jersey. On July 29, 1994, Jesse Timmendequas enticed Megan into his home with the assurance of a puppy. Megan would never be seen alive again. Megan was brutally and sexually assaulted and then murdered by "two-time convicted sex offender Jesse Timmendequas." (p. 164) Timmendequas sex offenses did not start with Megan. Timmendequas had a criminal charge in a 1981 attack on a five-year-old and an attempted sexual assault on a seven-year-old. Hamilton Township 's community was shocked to know they had a two-time sentenced sex offender living in their community without their awareness. Following Megan 's murder by Jesse Timmendequas, several New Jersey citizens began …show more content…
Joseph Minnesota convenience store with his brother and a friend. A potential buyer sexually assaulted Pam Lyncher, a real estate agent in September 1990 in Houston, Texas and John Walsh, whose son Adam Walsh was kidnapped from a department store while playing video games in July of 1981 in Hollywood Florida, wanted steps taken towards repeat sex offenders. Therefore, the Wetterlings went about convincing federal lawmakers to take actions against recidivism amongst sex offenders. In addition to accompanying other suffers and supporters, the Wetterlings pressed federal lawmakers to pass the May 1996 national version of Megan 's Law.
Megan 's murder provoked widespread objection that resulted in Megan 's Law Amendment to the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offenders Act. The Jacob Wetterling Act enacted, in 1994 "establishes guidelines for states to track sex offenders. The Act also "required states to track sex offenders by confirming their place of residence annually for ten years after their release into the community or quarterly for the rest of their life if the sex offender was convicted of a violent sex crime." (Office of Justice
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After completion of the final guidelines to the Jacob Wetterling Act, in the mid-1990s, "every state along with the District of Columbia passed a Megan 's Law." (Office of Justice Programs) In January of 1996, Congress passed the federal Megan 's Law that provided the public distribution of information from states ' sex offender registries. The law granted the public with information secured under state registration programs published for any purpose under state law. Commanded state and local enforcement agencies to release vital knowledge essential to safeguard the public regarding persons registered under a state registration program authorized under the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act. "Megan 's Law changed the "may ' to "shall ' release." (Parentsformeganslaw) Although Megan 's Law amended Jacob Wetterling Act, there were still no guarantees for active information just release of information. Nevertheless, Megan 's Law still gave sexual predators the possibility of moving into one 's neighborhood, and not receiving adequate notification that offenders are in the vicinity. However, all of that changed when all states had to comply with the requirements set forward later in the Adam Walsh Child Protection Act of
The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 was established because an American boy was abducted form a Florida shopping mall and was later found murdered. The act was signed into law by George W. Bush on July 27, 2006. This act is established to protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime to prevent child abuse and child pornography to promote internet safety. This act is also known as the sex offender registration and notification act. It was established with the intention to strengthen laws related to child sexual predators. This law was instructed for each state and/or territory to apply criteria’s for posting offenders data on the internet.
The following research will display an overview of the process in Texas on how sex offenders are registered along with the notifications that are followed after registration. Texas, as many other states, has a procedure which requires sex offenders to register with the local law enforcement agencies at the time of their discharge. In addition to registration, they must also comply with further probation regulations. Research has concluded that there are four basic phases of registration and notification. Beginning with offender notified, following the offender registration and community notified and ending with public notification
In 1994, twice-convicted sex offender Jesse Timmendequas raped and murdered Megan Kanka, a seven-year old girl who lived across the street. In reaction to this emotionally-charged crime, Megan's home state of New Jersey ratified a community notification bill - dubbed "Megan's Law" - just three months later. This fall, a national version of the law went into effect, mandating that all fifty states notify citizens in writing of the presence of convicted sex offenders within their communities. Certainly, society has a responsibility to protect children from sex offenders, and many feel that Megan's Law is the best course of action. However, others feel that it is an unwarranted intrusion into the rights to privacy of individuals who have already paid their debts to society.
Levenson, J.S. & Cotter, L.P. (2005). The effect of Megan’s Law on sex offender reintegration. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(1), 49-66.
A 40-year-old serial rapist, a 12 year old young boy having consensual sex with his girlfriend. What do both of these individuals have in common? They can both be subjected under the Canadian sex offenders registry. However, when a rapist suddenly slides off the map and commits more crimes under the radar, one begins to question the effectiveness of the registry, and what can be done to develop it’s quality and accuracy. Another question which seems to badger Canadian society today is that relating to whether a minor should be a registrant at all, no matter what their crime, Canada has a strong belief in rehabilitation. Rehabilitate, and develop, both of the utmost substance when observing the ways in which a sex offender registry are and can be beneficial to society, whilst respecting the criminal code.
Sex offender legislation has been encouraged and written to protect the community and the people at large against recidivism and or to help with the reintegration of those released from prison. Nevertheless, a big question has occurred as to if the tough laws created help the community especially to prevent recidivism or make the situation even worse than it already is. Sex offenders are categorized into three levels for example in the case of the state of Massachusetts; in level one the person is not considered dangerous, and chances of him repeating a sexual offense are low thus his details are not made available to the public (Robbers, 2009). In level two chances of reoccurrence are average thus public have access to this level offenders through local police departments in level three risk of reoffense is high, and a substantial public safety interest is served to protect the public from such individuals.
In today’s society, juveniles that commit a sexual assault have become the subject of society. It’s become a problem in the United States due to the rise of sexual offenses committed by juveniles. The general public attitude towards sex offenders appears to be highly negative (Valliant, Furac, & Antonowicz, 1994). The public reactions in the past years have shaped policy on legal approaches to managing sexual offenses. The policies have included severe sentencing laws, sex offender registry, and civil commitment as a sexually violent predator (Quinn, Forsyth, & Mullen-Quinn, 2004). This is despite recidivism data suggesting that a relatively small group of juvenile offenders commit repeat sexual assaults after a response to their sexual offending (Righthand &Welch, 2004).
Cashwell, C. S. and Caruso, M. 2014. Adolescent Sex Offenders: Identification and Intervention Strategies. [e-book] Sage Publications. 1. http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/C_Cashwell_Adolescent_1997.pdf [Accessed: 14 Mar 2014].
However, there is not enough research to prove that community notification prevents reoffending. Registers can only deter and trace already convicted sex offenders. However, research on reoffending patterns of sex offenders suggest that most sex offenders have not previously been convicted and released, so registration cannot protect the community from the majority of sex offenders. A Department of Justice study in the United States suggested that sex-offenders have a recidivism rate of 3-5% within the first three years after release. A New Zealand Department of Corrections study in 2008 revealed that over a 15-year period, 73% of sex offenders had not been charged or convicted for further sexual offending. International studies suggest that sex offender recidivate less than drug, property and burglary offenders. Ideas perpetuated in the media argue that sex offenders are different, they cannot be cured and they have high recidivism rates, however these conclusions are based on sensationalised media reporting on high profile attacks. One of the main purposes of a sex offender register is to reduce recidivism, however these studies and more show that sex offender recidivism is not as high a rate as it is perceived to
Jesse Timmendequas was a twice convicted sex offender. He moved in across the street from Megan’s home without the family’s knowledge of his history as a pedophile. Joseph Cifelli was another convicted sex offender who had spent nine years at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center. He had been convicted after admitting to repeated sexual abuse of a relative that had begun when the child was nine. A third man, Brian R. Jenin had been convicted twice of crimes involving young boys. Jenin, along with Timmendequas, was under investigation in connection with the unsolved murders of two boys in San Diego. All three were Megan's neighbors.
When it comes to the charges different states have different way of charging the sex offender. They can serve a short or longer sentence and still end up getting probation, however; they would have to register on the sex offender list. Back in 2008 South Carolina has passed a new law that sex offenders/ pedphiles have to be 100 ft from schools, daycares, neighborhoods. play grounds and etc. In this article call trial theory mentions “ In South Carolina legislation also change the first offense, failure to report to register, making it a misdemeanor punishable by no more than 30 days, where it had previously carried a mandatory 90 days in jail “(Trail Theory). Now if the sex offenders do not register they would end up getting a second offense which will give them a year in jail. While the third offense is up to 3 to 5 years if they didn't register. If the person is being convicted than that's when they serve some years. The article Steiner has written goes off and states that “first degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor will serve between a minor who is 10 or younger, and a defendant of any age. This offense incurs up to 30 years in prison without the possibility of parole. Then when it comes to the 2nd charge Steiner writes “Second degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor occurs when there is sexual penetration between a minor who is 11, 12, or 13, and a defendant of any age. It also includes penetration
Some people might say that if a sex offender does their time in jail that is enough punishment. Others may disagree and say that more action needs to be taken because of stories like the little girl Megan Kanka, who was raped and killed by a sex offender. A sex offender who her parents were unaware of because there was no rule or law that stated anyone else needed to know. Soon after this incident happened, some states passed laws that required local communities to be notified when a convicted sexual offender moved to a specific area. These laws are different in every state. In some, the state requires that convicted sex offenders put up signs in the windows of their homes, so that the neighbors can be aware that a crime has been committed by that person. Some offenders are even required to send postcards to their neighbors, informing them of their crime. These specific states would like the neighbors to be aware of who is living near them. Almost as a “beware” so that they can take action by telling their children to stay away from the sex offenders. The internet also provides extremely convenient websites that allow users to locate addresses and photographs of the offender. The websites also include reasons why the offender was convicted. One of the reasons some say that the laws are too strict on sex offenders is because of people like the woman that actually lived with a sex offender. She was upset because she said he had already served his time and it was unfair to tell everyone in their neighborhood that he had committed that crime. Some of these offenders may constitute an unfair punishment, especially if they are the low-risk, one time offenders who have possibly learned their lesson the first time. It may be unfair becaus...
Vandiver, D. M., & Teske, R. (2006). Juvenile female and male sex offenders a comparison of offender, victim, and judicial processing characteristics. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(2), 148-165.
Sex offenders have been a serious problem for our legal system at all levels, not to mention those who have been their victims. There are 43,000 inmates in prison for sexual offenses while each year in this country over 510,000 children are sexually assaulted(Oakes 99). The latter statistic, in its context, does not convey the severity of the situation. Each year 510,000 children have their childhood's destroyed, possibly on more than one occasion, and are faced with dealing with the assault for the rest of their lives. Sadly, many of those assaults are perpetrated by people who have already been through the correctional system only to victimize again. Sex offenders, as a class of criminals, are nine times more likely to repeat their crimes(Oakes 99). This presents a
Feyerick, Deborah, and Sheila Steffen. “’Sexting’ Lands Teen on Sex Offender List.” CNN.com. N.p., 8 Apr. 2009. Web. 25 Apr. 2010.