Introduction
Wireless networks have gained immense popularity since its advent in 1970s and even more prominently since the last decade. Mobile wireless networks currently have two implementation architectures: infrastructured networks infrastructureless networks[1].
In the network architecture for Infrastructured networks, there are fixed wired gateways, known as base stations installed across the desired coverage area. A device within the network connects to the nearest accessible (the one with the strongest signal) gateway. When the mobile device moves to a position which is beyond the range of the currently associated base station, it switches its connectivity to another in-range base station. This process is called handoff, which allows non-disruptive connectivity to the mobile users throughout the network [1].
The other variant of mobile wireless networks is infrastructureless networks, usually referred to as Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Networking systems without a fixed backbone are called Mobile Ad Hoc systems. These Ad Hoc systems are a collection of dynamically placed mobile nodes such that the connectivity between the nodes keeps fluctuating. Since there are no fixed routers, the nodes in the ad hoc network work as routers which determine and manage the connectivity to other nodes in the network [1]. To establish connectivity within the network, a dynamic and effective routing protocol is required to generate routing tables that locates the changing routes between the mobile nodes and establishes efficient routed between them.
While designing mobile ad hoc routing protocols, its limitations need to be catered such as the protocol must maintain loop free paths through multiple disjoint routes and have control ...
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...He, “Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Protocol,” Networking Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology.
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The routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and underwater wireless sensor networks can be roughly
Wireless networks – While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnection between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network. Wireless telecommunication networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” network.
Johnson, D., Maltz, D. (1996). Dynamic Source Routing in Ad-hoc Wireless network. Print ISBN: 0 79239697 0
Cell phones use radio frequencies to transmit signals. Radio Frequencies (RF) are a form of electrical waves similar to those used in radios, microwaves, radars or satellite stations. They are emitted from a transmitter, and received using an antenna. This telephony technology is restricted geographically to small zones called “Cells”. Every cell has a base station capable of sending and receiving radio waves. When a call is started a signal leaves the handheld unit headed to the closest base station. This station answers by allocating a specific channel to the unit. When this “channel” is established, modulated radio frequency signals are both received and transmitted. The head of the user is in the near field of use because the distance from the antenna to the head is a few centimeters. (Blettner & Berg 2000) If the antenna is inside the body of the phone, the exposure to Radio Frequencies is greater. The antenna might be requesting a stronger signal to contest with the interference of the battery or the actual shell of the phone’s body.
8) Ian F. Akyildiz, Ismail H. Kasimoglu, “Ad Hoc Networks’’, Wireless sensor and actor networks: Research Challenges, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, May-2004.
Analysis of the Environment of the Mobile Network System Executive Summary 3 Glossary of Abbreviations 4 Introduction 5 Recent History
An Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol enhancement to save energy using Energy Aware Routing (EAR) strategy
The propose research will address a problem confronting many two year institutions in the present-day (i.e. how to best plan, design, and implement WLAN technologies). While WLAN technologies offer the benefits of mobility, reduced installation time, and decreased cost, many challenges must be met by institutions deploying them (Geier, 2005). These issues are related to security, speed, interoperability, and equipment selection, ease of use, reliability, signal interference, installation, and health risks.
Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992. Slethaug, Gordon. A. See "Lecture Notes" for ENGL1007.
Print. The. Gordon A. Gow, and Richard K. Smith. Mobile and wireless communications: an introduction, McGraw-Hill International, 2006. Print.
De Poorter, E., Troubleyn, E., Moerman, I., & Demeester, P. (2011). IDRA: A flexible system architecture for next generation wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 17(6), 1423-1440. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0356-5
Wireless is everywhere today whether at home working from your WIFI network to work where you might be linked a wireless network or even through your phone through a 3G or 4G network to connecting to an open wireless networks. As you can see for the most part people are connecting to wireless from the moment they leave their home till they get to work and then back. While wireless comm...
A cell phone is essentially a two-way radio consisting of a radio transmitter and a radio receiver. When you talk to your friend on your mobile phone, your mobile transfers your voice into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted through radio waves to the nearest cell tower. The network of cell phone towers then replays the radio wave to friend’s cell phone, which converts it to an electrical signal and back to sound. Cell phones transmit radio waves in all directions.
One of the latest advancements in wireless data. It is used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) for transferring data in packets.