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Different research methodologies
Defining research
Defining research
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Introduction: This paper seeks to discuss the role played by a research question in a social research. The discussion unpacks a journal article by Alan Bryman published in 2007. The world over, formal and informal questions are asked from across fields of study that includes; politics, public policy, public budgeting, human resource management and administration. The ever raised research questions are motivated by some experiences, problems surrounding humanity and the environment (Wilson and Maclean, p 572). One-way or another, these questions lead to some solutions and some never get the solutions due to the route taken to resolve the question or problem. Some are answered because a systematic route has been followed by trained researchers …show more content…
Bryman (2016:7) defined a research question as a question that provides an explicit of what the researcher wants to find about. Jeong (n.d.:1) holds the same view that a research question is a statement of specific enquiry that researcher seeks to address. There exists a great diversity in the kind of research questions being asked across various spectrums, be it political, economic and philosophical. In the case of Botswana, questions that have been asked are; what are the factors that have led to the failure of students in secondary schools in …show more content…
The argument by Porush emphasize that research questions are integral to a research and research processes such as the design and choice of methods to be employed. Krueckeberg (2011:1) lectured on the difference between a bad and a good question that they are debatable, narrow, significant and researchable. That a question is debatable, simple means that it has been debated before and that is the whole reason of acknowledging scholarly articles. Krueckeberg further elaborated that a research question should be narrow, referring to the fact that, one will need to be able to give a credible answer to the question in a more concise format. The significance of a question is all about that there is something at stake or a benefit in the answer derived from answering the question successfully. The question should be researchable through both the primary and secondary sources. Whether it is a small independent study or not, mini research for an undergraduate class or formal thesis or dissertation stands or falls by the quality of a research question Maree (2011: 2). To Neuman (2003:163) deliberate on bad and good research questions and give explicit examples of bad questions being such; should abortion be legal? Do police affect delinquency and how does poverty affect children? The argument advanced by Neuman is that such questions are not empirically testable or that they are nonscientific questions.
Research is a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions and solve problems. The ultimate goal of research is to gain knowledge that would be useful to many people. The Tuskegee study was initially started to study the effects of untreated Syphilis for about six to nine months, followed by treatment phase which gained public interest and outcry from public which led to actions initiated by US federal. The knowledge and information gathered from the study was very small compared to the risk that the men and their family endured. The participants and the families got compensated after a lawsuit was filed, but the physical, emotional and mental damaged caused cannot be
Taking Two Of The Theoretical Approaches To Social Research Discussed In The Module, Demonstrate The Connections Between Their Ontological, Epistemological And Methodological Assumptions. Which Method Or Methods Would Proponents Of Each Theory Favour As A Result Of Their Assumptions.
Cohen, L., Morrison, K. and Manion, L. (2011) Research Methods in Education. 7th ed. London: Routledge.
A. Teach the Language. Teach the children to count to 1-10, as well as to say general greetings. Use the book series Count Your Way Through Africa (through Korea, China, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia and the Arab world) Visit the About.com language labs for French, German, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish to hear correct pronunciations.
Inequality is why this world is very unequal. wouldn't you like to know why.Does geography
Justify your research question and explain why this topic has been chosen. Why is it significant and worthy of a discussion?
Four years of my life have passed away in a blink! I remember entering freshmen year of
The research question is the first and foremost initial step in the research process, because it defines the expected outcomes and drives the project design. So it should be clear and concise once the research question is formulated, the next is defining the terms and concepts used in the research process. A literature review is needed to clarify issues, gives an understanding to the researcher how others have formulated similar research questions and defines concepts.
Babbie, E. (2007) The Practice of Social Research. Thomson Higher Education. Belmont. (USA) Eleven Edition.
Social problem is a broad topic, there is “No conclusive idea of what constitutes a social problem.” To define a social problem, there are generally three different ideas to define a social problem, “Something that impacts a large group; Something that the people in a society collective agree it is problematic; Something that violates a moral code.” (Logan) Healthcare has been on the spot light, because of The American Health Care Act. I’d like to present health care in United States as a social problem, because it qualify the three ideas to define social problem. First of all, it impacts a large group in the society, because of its cost. According to CDC, “28.2 million people who are under age of sixty five are insured” (CDC). Second, people in a society collective
The Aims and objectives of educational research can be to “improve practice”, which may be suggestions that arise from current research. It can also help “add knowledge” which may be adding information to existing knowledge or adding to other research projects. Research can “address gaps in knowledge”, this means highlighting areas absent or which lack from other research projects. Educational research can also “expand knowledge”, this can be finding out new information or improving, existing knowledge, this knowledge can also be “replicated”, repeating previous research to certify it. Finally educational research can “add voices of individuals to knowledge”, this is important to gain the views and opinions of people within a research area in order to “understand issues within their own concept” (Creswell 2002, in Chaudhary 2013, p.2).
Research is systematic way to find out facts and knowledge as Kothari (2006) has analyzed that research is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment; the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem. However there are two types of researches one is by Purpose and other is by method. The type by purpose falls into three categorize such as Basic, Applied and Action Research.
Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.
Defining the research problem (questions) is the first step in the research process. This means to define the problem to be researched and what we want to find out. It is also important to determine whether it starts from some existing theories or hypotheses. The research is conducted to prove whether or not these assumptions are true.
Social Studies education is a subject in today’s schools that is undervalued. The study of social studies in schools help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world (Seefeldt, Castle, & Falconer, 2010). When participating in social studies class children are learning so much about who they are, where they came from, how to succeed in the world, and more. Most of what we teach daily includes an aspect of social studies. But, since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 de-emphasis or nonexistence of elementary social studies is the national focus because of high stakes testing (Sunal, & Sunal, 2008). Social studies