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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The role and impact of project management in oil and gas can never be overemphasized. Over the years, the oil and gas industry has become one of the prominent industries in the world, mainly because it provides the world with 60 percent of daily energy needs. The production process of oil and gas has also changed over the years due to project management, and it is imperative that this change in project management practices will bring about a safer working environment in the production of oil and gas.
The consumption and use of oil and gas has a lengthy and intriguing history, going back thousands of years, as early as the 6th Century BC when the army of Kir II, first Shah of Achaemenid Empire, which is
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In 1859, Titsuville, Pennsylvania, United States, Colonel Drake successfully drilled the first well to sixty-nine feet (Aliyeva, 2006). In 1870, John Davidson Rockefeller established the first major oil company, known as Standard Oil. Standard Oil went on to build its first refinery in Pennsylvania, and later expanded its broad operations round the country. After Ten years of stark rivalry, Standard Oil became the industry’s leading Oil Company controlling 80 percent of the distribution of all principal oil products, in particular kerosene. In 1909 due to antitrust laws, the Federal courts ordered the break-up of Standard Oil Company by dividing it into Thirty-four separate companies. Standard Oil went on to dominate the first Twenty years of the oil and gas industry, and the U.S. accounted for more than half of the world 's production until around 1950. As the industry grew and became more global in nature, other world markets in Europe, Russia and Asia, began to play a much greater role. New industry giants arose such as the likes of, Shell, Royal Dutch, and Anglo-Persian, which is now today’s British Petroleum, also known as BP (The Library of Congress, 2011).
As the oil and gas industry unfolded over some years, Standard Oil of New Jersey went on to become Esso, and later Exxon, Standard Oil of New York became Mobil, and Standard Oil of California is now Chevron. Along with Royal
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The main purpose of the research design is to serve as a guideline for the entire research.
Figure 1 Research Onion Source: Saunders and Lewis 2012
1.4.2 Research Philosophy
This research will focus its philosophy on interpretivism, which is “the study of social phenomena in their natural environment”. Interpretivism is simply trying to under stand what goes on in a company or an organization or in a business sector, in the case the oil and gas sector (Saunders and Lewis, 2012:106). In order ways, can be used to understand the role of project management best practices been applied by oil companies and how it affects their, outcome, performance and the industry in general. It helps to “understand and study the social phenomenon in the environment” (Saunders and Lewis, 2012:106) taking on the viewpoints, perceptions and assessment of the oil and gas
...stees decided not to take. Standard Oil also faced numerous legal problems preventing the trust from establishing a firm rooting in the western hemisphere of America. Unlike previous attempts in other states at antitrust legislation, Texas was moderately successful in expelling the oil monopoly unlike other states such as Ohio. Ohio was a conservative, industrial state dominated by the Republican Party, while Texas remained primarily agriculture and inordinately proud of its antimonopoly tradition. A jury revoked the Waters-Pierce company’s (one of the many companies under the Standard Oil trust) business permit and restricted it from operating in the state in 1898. The Texas district court judge followed up the 1898 ruling in 1909, by proving that the three Standard Oil subordinate companies were indeed being operated and directed by the Jersey Standard Trust.
Exxon Mobil is a great example of a corporate giant. It all started in 1870, when JD Rockefeller founded U.S. Standard oil a company that will go on to be the most profitable in the world. In 1911 the company split up into 34 different companies, amongst these companies was Vacuum oil company that will later be called Mobil Oil and Jersey Standard which was renamed to Exxon corporation. In 199 the two companies decided to work together again, this was the birth of Exxon Mobil.
...mpanies, it eventually came to the point where they couldn’t keep up and eventually became a part of Standard Oil. By the time Rockefeller had reached the age of 40, his company had controlled all national oil refining by 90% and about 70% of international export of said oil.
Petroleum seepages, in some form or another have been around since ancient times for boat caulking, road mending, and as medicine, however, the modern petroleum industry was truly born with the first drilled oil well in August 1859 by Edwin L. Drake at Titusville, PA. (Laudon, 347) At first, in the United States, oil production was controlled by small operators but by the late 1870's John D. Rockfeller had purchased most of the nation's refineries-controlling the United States industry. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1911 split Rockfeller's Standard Oil Trust into three smaller companies; today they are known as Mobil, Chevron, and Exxon. (Lynch, 214) Since that time, oil has become a major part of everyone's way of life. Oil is used to provide fuel for automobiles, tractors, trucks, aircraft and ships. Petroleum products are the basic materials used for the manufacture of synthetic fibers for clothing and in plastics, paints, fertilizers, insecticides, soaps, and synthetic rubber etc... (Lynch, 207) Due to this demand, companies are constantly searching for more oil deposits.
The Standard Oil Trust of Ohio was and American oil producing, refining, and transporting company. It was founded in 1863 by John D. Rockefeller and lasted until 1911. During 1868, Rockefeller expanded the oil company to become the largest oil refining company in the world. In 1870, the company was renamed Standard Oil Company. After it was renamed, Rockefeller purchased most of the oil companies that were currently in business to make one large company.
The booming of industries many farmers found themselves struggling to keep up with the businesses that increased the demands of goods and services. Two of the most influential people of the Gilded Age was a man named, John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie, symbolisms for corporate power. They revolutionized business Many Americans witnessed the American Dream coming true for John D. Rockefeller was the founder of the Standard Oil Company and the Standard Oil Trust having organized Standard Oil in Cleveland in 1870 before moving his headquarters to New York. Rockefeller’s Oil companies controlled about 90% of the oil business in America and also controlled the oil cars on the Pennsylvania Railroad. During this time, where he was growing and
Pratt, Joseph A. “Exxon and the Control of Oil.” Journal of American History. 99.1 (2012): 145-154. Academic search elite. Web. 26. Jan. 2014.
The Gilded Age refers to a period in which things were fraudulent and deceitful; the surface was clinquant while underneath that lustrous coat laid corruption. During the Gilded Age companies recruited to corrupt methods to further increase profits, leading to an increase in power, rapid economic prosperity, and domination of industries, leading to monopolistic corporations. As a result, antitrust laws to regulate business began to emerge in the late 19th and early 20th century known as the Progressive Era. Among these companies was Standard Oil, which was founded in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller; in 1880, Standard Oil was responsible for refining 90 percent of America’s oil and between 1880-1910, dominating the oil industry (Marshall). The lack of intervention from the government and regulations impeding monopolistic practices allowed Standard Oil to
When John D. Rockefeller merged with the railroad companies, he had gained control of a strategic transportation route that no other companies would be able to use. Rockefeller would then be able to force the hand on the railroads and was granted a rebate on his shipments of oil. This was a kind of secret agreement between the two industries. None of the competition knew what the rates were for the rebates or the rates that Rockefeller was paying the railroad. This made it hard for the competition to keep up with the Standard Oil Company. The consequences led to many oil companies getting bought out by Rockefeller secretly. All in all, 25 co...
After looking for a way to sell kerosene in San Francisco in 1875, the inception of ConocoPhillips commenced as Continental Oil and Transportation Co. by founder, Isaac E. Blake. For the following ten years, Standard Oil acquired Conoco, until the U.S. Supreme Court overturned that acquisition. By this time, Conoco’s competitive advantage shifted from kerosene to gasoline refineries, as automobiles began to gain popularity.
The chapter ‘Project Management in the Automotive Industry’ by Christophe Midler and Christian Navarre from The Wiley Guide to Managing Projects (September 2004) traces the inception and transformation of project management in the automotive industry from the post-war period to the early years of the new millennium. It is an interesting article which categorizes the period into four phases on the basis of organizational structure and strategy pertinent to most of the automotive manufacturers in each era. This classification helps the authors elaborate on the change in corporate structures and relationships within the organization and with their subcontractors over the years. Examples of leading car manufacturers have shown how project management has developed into an essential aspect of managing complex activities, and how the automotive industry has steadily evolved from being function-oriented and bureaucratic to being innovation-oriented and modular.
This paper focuses on the oil industry, limited to crude oil and refineries U.S. based companies, is identified as oligopoly in U.S. market due to their market shares and powers.
The oil & gas industry is among the largest industries in the world. The sector generates large revenues and employs a large number of people in order to meet the worldwide demand for energy.
When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.
The Moral problem in the case we are facing is that BP oil company are exploited the people, polluting the ecology, diluting the government guidelines, cheating everyone for their profits is not acceptable on part of giant company like BP .Oil being a natural resource is being extracted by the company for their vested interests neglecting the society and the climate. The food pyramid is getting affected due to its short cuts and lapse in guidelines and total negligence resulting in gross cheating and mass killing of live stocks in sea as well polluting the air. The government intervention at crisis is an example of socialism. BP operations are in more than 100 countries with several reserves are creating chaos for the people working