During testing it was noted that in every case the actual measured thickness of the specimens was somewhat larger than the nominal value, suggesting that the length measurement uncertainty was 0.08, mm for 3D laser scanner, for detailed description Ref. [16]. This was true to the greatest extent when producing structural steel in transverse direction, whereby the actual thickness was on average 9.8% larger than the nominal value, as compared with an average of 5.6% larger in longitudinal direction, for IPE360 profile. However, as the calculated values for tensile properties, presented in the following sections, take into account the actual thickness of the specimen, these differences between actual and nominal dimensions will not affect the results shown. Significantly residual stresses occur in most structural steel members. Such stresses usually results from differential shrinkage during cooling in the manufacture of I-profiles. However, the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in hot-rolled members depend on the type of cross section and manufacturing processes and different patterns are proposed. The residual stress is considered constant in the web although, when the depth of a wide flange section is large, it varies more or less parabolically. In this paper tried to investigate the influence of residual stresses on the tensile properties of structural steel. The residual stress distributions measured using X-ray diffraction techniques from the both structural steel specimen are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The modulus, yield stress, tensile stress and maximum tensile strain results for the IPE 360 profile and IPE 400 profile are presented and discussed in the following sections. Modulus, which describ... ... middle of paper ... ...s to Characterize Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel, International Journal of Steel Structures, 2013, Submitted. 18 Motra, H. B., Dimmig-Osburg, A., Hildebrand, J.: Influence of Measurement Uncertainties on Results of Creep Prediction of Concrete under Cyclic Loading, In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures, March 10-14, 2013 /Toledo - Spain, ISBN 978-84-941004-1-3, pp. 805-814. 19 Motra, H. B., Dimmig-Osburg, A., Hildebrand, J.: Uncertainty quantification on creep deflection of concrete beam subjected to cyclic loading, In:11th International Conference on Structural Safety & Reliability, Columbia University, New York, NY, 16 - 20 June 2013, USA. 20 ISO 6892-1:2009E (2009)International Standard, Metallic materials- Tensile testing-Part 1: technique of test at room temperature.
We use metals to construct all kinds of structures, from bridges to skyscrapers to elevators. The strength as well as durability of materials that are crafted out of metal make the materials ideal not only for construction but also for many other applications.
For the other material ASTM A216 Gr WCB same pressure of 16 Mpa is applied and the stress developed is approximately as similar to the connecting rod made with material of cast iron. Figure no. 9 indicates the maximum and minimum stress developed in connecting rod at small & big end. The equivalent stress maximum and minimum values are 71.347 MPa and 4.4955e-5 MPa respectively.
From recent technological research it is observed that most of the component fails due to the fatigue. Hence our efforts have focused on Fatigue analysis of automobile components. In today’s competitive environment it is very crucial task to produce lighter; cheaper and more efficient automotive components. In engineering design of any component, analysis of structural aspects is to be done at early stage to reduce the development time and cost. Dr. S.S. Khandare et. Al [1] explained that finite Element analysis is important tool for analyzing structural design, it helps to determine critical region of the...
Mechanical Engineering 130.2 (2008): 6 - 7. Academic Search Complete. Web. The Web. The Web.
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. Traditionally, a branch of Solid Mechanics. Nowadays, a commonly used method for multiphysics problems. Integrates Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in every 3D design of an machine. FEA visualizations ensure proper design by eliminating unnecessary costs and weight in a machine, while maximizing the structural strength of each of the machine’s components. Using FEA methods, it can simulate torque, stress, and strain to verify how they are distributed amongst a part.
Works Cited Journal articles: • Lane, Thomas. “Crazy Angles, Soaring Steel.” Building vol. 274 no. 8588 (28) 2009, July 17, pp. 40-46.
[20] BS Part 116: 1983. Testing Concrete and determination of compressive strength. British Standards Institution ;
Bachmann, H., & Steinle, A. (2011). Precast concrete structures / Hubert Bachmann, Alfred Steinle. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn, c2011.
One of the most practical questions concerning consolidation is to know how to define the relevant consolidation curves for in situ conditions. The existence of creep during primary consolidation is evident, but there exist opposing opinions on the role of creep in the primary consolidation phase. Many researchers pointed out that, there are two extreme possibilities. Hypothesis A assumes that creep occurs only after the end of primary consolidation and consequently that the stress strain curve followed in situ is the same as the one obtained in the laboratory at the end of primary ...
In this paper we will explore on the brief manufacturing process of steel containers and some vital issues relating to the production process.
The Web. The Web. 28 Apr. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Metal Melting 101 - How To.
Where, W is the weight loss in g, ‘ρ’is the density of the mild steel specimen in gcm˗3, ‘A’ is the area of specimen in cm2 and t is the time of exposure in h.
Metals possess many unique fundamental properties that make them an ideal material for use in a diverse range of applications. Many common place things know today are made from metals; bridges, utensils, vehicles of all modes of transport, contain some form of metal or metallic compound. Properties such as high tensile strength, high fracture toughness, malleability and availability are just some of the many advantages associated with metals. Metals, accompanied by their many compounds and alloys, similar properties, high and low corrosion levels, and affects, whether negative or positive, are a grand force to be reckoned with.
Chua, Ian Y. H. Civil and Structural Engineering Resource Web. 29 Jan. 2000. 2 Mar.
In the other hand, the Hardening processes consist of quenching and tempering. They help in developing the appropriate bulk and surface properties. Martensite can be found in the structure of hardened or quenched steel. Martensite is a hard but brittle structure which needs tempering. After tempering, the toughness is increased and the brittleness is reduced, then it will have broad use throughout engineering field. Their principal use is to render the part fit for final use.