All earthworms are hermaphrodites which means they have both male and female reproductive organs in the one individual. When two individuals meet, Hermaphroditism makes two possible exchanges of sperm instead of one. The two Earthworms inseminate each other and after this process the eggs are produced. To complete this process takes around 24hrs.
Mating usually occurs when the ground is wet following rain. Most often Earthworms protrude the anterior end and mate with another earthworm in an adjacent burrow or emerge and travel over the surface of the ground before mating.
Depending upon the species of earthworm is to which particular segments is where the eggs and sperm are produced. Both female and male sexual openings are found near the clitellum.
When the Earthworms have finished mating they go there separate ways, however the eggs haven't been fertilised yet , its still in the Earthworm’s sperm receptacles. The egg laying process starts when the gland cells of clitellum secretes a second mucous ring that slides forward over the worm’s body. When this ring passes over the opening of the oviducts, it receives a quantity of albuminous and several ripe eggs. As the ring passes the sperm receptacles nearer the anterior end, it receives the sperm that was deposited there recently. After this the fertilisation of the eggs take place in the mucous ring. The ring containing the fertilized eggs slips past the anterior tip of the worm and closes at each end to form a sealed capsule. This is known as an ‘egg cocoon’.
The ‘egg cocoons’ are deposited in the soil and the fertilised eggs develop directly into young Earthworms. These ‘egg cocoons’ can yield up to 20 worms and they are so small it is easy to miscount them. They escape th...
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... excess calcium obtained in the food. The food is then moved into the crop, a storage organ and then to the muscular gizzard. While the food is in the muscular gizzard, the food is grinded thoroughly with the aid of very small stones that the worm has swallowed. After this process, the food is digested by juices secreted by gland cells in the intestine. Finally it is absorbed by the blood vessels in the intestinal wall and then it is distributed throughout the rest of the body.
Due to this process, the earth consumed by the worms is deposited on the surface of the ground, in the form of ‘castings’. Castings is a type of mould, as well as the burrows that the earthworm’s leave behind helps aerate the soil.. By aerating the soil it improves drainage increase its water holding capacity. By this the soil is ‘cultivated’ by being ground up in the worm’s gizzard.
In reproduction, the female produces clusters of eggs that she carries in one or two egg sacs that are attached to her abdomen. Once hatched, The T. Californium’ life cycle has quite a few stages. The first being six naupliar (young) stages lasting 4 – 10 days. Next come the 6-copepodite stages (7-14 days for the first 5 stages) ending in the last stage where T.californicus is a sexually mature adult. Adults then live from 40 – 90 days after the stages are complete (Rickets and Calvin 1985).
There is no doubt that arthropods are an extremely successful group of animals, with an estimated 5-10 million species worldwide[1], and this can be attributed to having an exoskeleton; it provides many benefits, such as protection from parasitism and other threats. However, one major disadvantage of having an exoskeleton is the limitations that an inelastic cuticle can place on growth. The exoskeleton provides protection, but when freshly moulted the animal is soft and vulnerable, as well as having limited mobility and use of appendages; many seek shelter before moulting[2]. There are similarities and differences between the moult cycles of all the arthropods, however only crustaceans and insects will be discussed here.
The Longnose gars reproduction depends on location that the gar is found in. The reproduction does typically happen during the spring or summer months and all dependent on what the water temperature. The female gar will swim into a small, fast moving stream and lay their eggs (Goddard). The Longnose gar eggs are not just normal eggs that most people think of when they think of fish eggs. Their eggs are green and sticky so they can stick to the plants in the fast moving stream (
In some cases the eggs will get flushed out of the host. When this happens it releases miracidia that penetrate in to the snail. The snail is the intermediate host. When in the snail the organism uses asexual reproduction then development of cercariae. The cercariae can survive in...
Mao Dun, author of "Spring Silkworms", was a twentieth century Chinese novelist, critic, organizer, editor, and advocate for Chinese Communism. According to David Wang, Mao Dun was one of the most versatile Chinese literati among the May Fourth generation. Mao Dun was an advocate and practitioner of European naturalism. Motivated by history and politics, Mao Dun has introduced western literary ideas to China in his novels. As a left wing writer Mao Dun focuses on the peasant's point of view and relies on his depiction of reality to evoke change. A good example of this style of writing is the story "Spring Silkworms".
In today’s society, about seven billion humans are present on Earth, but these individuals did not just magically appear. For this to be possible, a sperm cell must accompany an egg cell, also known as fertilization to create a human being. Sperm and egg cells are created through meiosis, which is a nuclear division that ends in haploid cells that creates mature gametes. Once completed, the sperm begins as a round cell and then generates a tail which gives it mobility to swim to an egg and fertilize it. Fertilization is achievable with the female reproductive system and the male reproductive system. All together, this system is an amalgamation of functional organs and hormones that cooperate together to generate life. The female reproductive system is subject to creating the female sex hormone and egg cell, reception of egg cell from the sperm cell, and providing a location where the fertilized egg can evolve. The male reproductive system is accountable for spawning the male sex hormone, producing sperm, and delivering the sperm to the female’s reproductive system. Once puberty is achieved in females, hormones allow the reproductive system to create mature ova or eggs. In the female body, two white ovaries are present in the uterus, one is located on the left side, and the other is located on the right side. Located inside the ovaries are egg cells and when the female reaches puberty, her egg cells will begin to mature each month. Once they are developed, they will be discharged and enter the fallopian tube. As it is traveling through the tube, it is susceptible to being fertilized by a sperm cell through coitus. If it is fertilized, the egg will adhere to the façade of the uterus and eventually create a follicle and then a zygot...
The battle between sexual and asexual reproduction is a competition that has been ongoing for millions of years. Somewhere along the way due to its higher level of genetic variation, sexual reproduction was able to overcome the two fold advantage of asexual reproduction, and now dominates reproduction in organisms. However, some types of organisms such as worms and corals have acquired the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in asexual and sexual reproduction both from a biological and an evolutionary standpoint and to explain why evolution has made it possible for soft corals to reproduce both sexually and asexually.
A fertilized egg cell, zygote, is produced when two gamete cells, male and female gamete, fuse by sexual reproduction. After sexual reproduction, a single sperm cell can live between 48-72 hours. The sperm cells begin to swim towards the fallopian tubes to fertilize the egg cell waiting in the fallopian tube. Fertilization takes around 24hours; once the sperm cell penetrates the oocyte it leaves the plasma behind and the egg cell changes its surface so that another sperm cell cannot penetrate the egg cell. After the sperm cell entering the egg it finishes it second meiotic division, which forms an ovum and a second polar body. Within 24-48 hours after fertilization early signs of pregnancy can be detected. (Chronolab)
The Male Reproductive system consist of various parts, including Testes, Testosterone, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Semen, Sperm, Prostate , Urethra, Penis (shaft & glanz), Seminiferous tubules, Seminal vesicles, Bladder. Below is a description of the path a sperm goes through to exit the male body.
inside the host it is living in, and the eggs are excreted with the host’s feces.
The reproductive system was mainly located towards the anal area and inferior to the stomach. The penis was located in the middle. It was white in color and looked like a mealworm. The seminal vesicles were located on both sides of the penis. They were grayish pink in color and looked like walnuts.
The reproductive systems are based off of the goal to create offspring. Both the male and the female reproductive systems, although fueled by a similar goal, have different components and structures. Both systems are very complex in their own way, making it important for one to understand how each of the systems and their various processes work. Knowing the processes and components of the male and female reproductive systems will aid all people in their life, sometime or another. It’s important to understand how our individual bodies work and how life is produced.
• The body releases more than one egg at a time, and the eggs are then fertilized by more than one sperm.
Adults can live in the nodules for approximately 15 years. Some nodules may contain numerous male and female worms.