REPORT ON COPPER TOXICITY ON SHEEP OR ADULT LAMBS
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between copper in grazing sheep and the chronic poisoning resulting in increased death, is key. This report helps to make clear, the major effect of quantity of copper on grazing soil, on animals. The optimum concentration of copper needed for the normal growth and healthy living of lambs and sheep and the importance of copper in grazing animals are addressed in this report.
Copper is very important for the healthy growth and reproduction of all animals. The animal losses caused due to the reductions of copper can, at one end, be total, for example lambs can be lost due to swayback; but fortunately, such occurrences are rear. Even larger side effects on live weight gain can occur in sub clinically copper lacking livestock, most especially lambs{1} .Phill traced elements deficiency in cattle and weighed normal amount of copper acting along side could eventually cause copper toxity .Because everything must be done moderately, copper toxicity can be of two different species, we have; Chronic Or acute.The acute copper toxicity occurs very fast, immediately after high amount of copper is ingested . when sheep feed on diets or grazed with grasses in soils, over a period of time that are marginally high in copper concentration compared to level of antagonist on the diet, the chronic form of copper toxicity is said to occur{2}. "Sharp clearly stated that acute poisoning may follow intakes of 20-100mg of copper/kg in sheep's and young calves and 200-800mg/kg in mature cattle while chronic poisoning of sheep may occur with daily intake of 3.5mg of copper/kg when grazing pastures that contain 15...
... middle of paper ...
...Available at http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/pip/factsheets/ard/documents/ard-ehp-9.pdf ( Accessed: 17 November 2013)
5 Neil Sargison 2013 copper poisoning on sheep(online) introduction ,page 1 http://www.nadis.org.uk/bulletins/copper-poisoning-in-sheep.aspx?altTemplate=PDF (Accessed: 19 November 2013)
6. Gulliano, D. (2013) Analysis of Copper (Cu) levels from an Environmental Sample. Bs1005 Professional Practice Guide, University of East London, School of health, sport and bioscience. 20th December 2013.
7. Gulliano, D. (2013) Analysis of Copper (Cu) levels from an Environmental Sample. Bs1005 Professional Practice Guide, University of East London, School of health, sport and bioscience. 20th December 2013.
8. Dictionary Definition of P value . Available at http://economics.about.com/od/termsbeginningwithp/g/pvaluedef.htm(Accessed: 23 December 2013)
...urkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P., et al. (2007). Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 11(2), 308–312. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1817674/pdf/ehp0115-000308.pdf
Stokes, W.S. “Animals and the 3 R’s on Toxicology Research and Testing.” Human and Experimental Toxicology December 2015: 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 February
When the South American Indians eat the dead prey, they do not get poisoned because in order to get poisoned by curare, you need it to be in your blood stream. Once the curare is in your bloodstream it acts as a neuromuscular blocking agent, basically it disrupts the signals between nerve cell and muscle cells. First, curare begins to affect the muscles of the toes, ears, and eyes. After curare moves on to the muscles of the neck and limbs and finally it affects the muscles that help the lungs function, this induces
Examples of these adverse effects are developmental disabilities, interruption of human growth and development, and depletion of the central nervous system in a child (Overview, n.d.). As noted by Overview (n.d.), “When absorbed into the human body, lead affects the blood, kidneys and nervous system. Lead’s effects on the nervous system are particularly serious and can cause learning disabilities, hyperactivity, decreased hearing, mental retardation and possible death” ( p.
Lead compounds have been released into the atmosphere for many years, which rested into the soils. In this lab, the amount of lead in the contaminated soil will be determined using stoichiometry. The five objectives include: comparing the amount of lead in the contaminated soil with researched information; calculating the amount of lead (II) nitrate present in the contaminated soil; calculating the amount of lead present in the original contaminated sample; filtering out the solid precipitate; and measuring the actual yield of lead (II) nitrate, percent composition of lead, percent error in producing lead (II) nitrate, predicting the limiting reactant and theoretical yield of lead iodide. In order to complete the objectives, the sand and the
Worsnop, Richard L. "Water Quality." CQ Researcher 11 Feb. 1994: 121-44. Web. 16 May 2014.
As a Resident Assistant on campus and living here for an extensive time, I have been concerned about the recent discoveries of lead found in the water. I became interested in the environment while discovering ways on how to maintain healthy drinkable water. This lead water incident has affected
Lenntech.com, (2014). Calcium (Ca) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects. [online] Available at: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/ca.htm [Accessed 13 May. 2014].
Exposure to Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) can cause long term health issues. Although, some of the elements may are useful in a rapid growing society they still pose a threat to public health as well as the ecosystem that pertain to wildlife. This research paper was conducted to further explain how these three metals Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) have caused public health problems amongst the population while still being used for the greater good of a rising economy.
Elevated copper levels in the liver lead to injury and inflammation. Long-term liver inflammation typically causes scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). Patients may develop signs of chronic liver disease or liver failure. Copper deposition in brain tissue also results in neuronal injury and death, resulting in slurred speech, movement abnormalities, and depression. This may progressively worsen into a condition called akinetic mutism - absent movement or speech.
Lead toxicity has been an area of unending research in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlation’s relating its toxic effects to both child developmental deficiencies and adult regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss various routes of entry of lead into the child’s system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employed by lead to cause the dysfunction’s, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure.
Lead is considered to be a toxic heavy metal. It occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust. However, it tends to combine with other elements to form lead compounds. (Registry, 2011). Moreover, it has no known function in the body and with excess accumulation, either acute or chronic, will cause a wide array of metabolic dysfunctions by interfering with normal metabolic functions (Analytical Research Laboratories, 2012). From a historical standpoint, most human beings if not all have accumulated some lead in their bodies over the course of their daily lives. In extreme cases, that is, when there is too much lead in the body it is known to cause lead poisoning. In order to fully understand this phenomenon, one must first acknowledge; how lead enters the body, how it is distributed, and how and if it is eliminated.
Environmental Health Sciences. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 1 05 2011. Web. 29 Nov 2013. .
The precision of a 50 ml beaker, 25 ml grad. cylinder., and a 25 ml pipette were determined by transferring each type to a tared 50 ml beaker. The density of copper was determined through volume displacement in water. The pipette was fond to be the most precise with a mean volume of 24.843±0.184ml. While the 25 ml cylinder had a volume of 24.601±0.708 ml and the 50 ml beaker had a volume of 24.074±1.98 ml. The density of copper was found to be 9.190±0.836, with an accuracy of 2.567%. The difference in density measurements could be due to human error or temperature differences.
Plasma was considered as the most important part of human blood, which carries out most of the function in relation to transport. Fluids is the major constituent of plasma, with an estimated total protein concentration of about 7.0-7.5 g/dl, as the solid component in plasma, that contain a complex mixture of different proteins which are mainly glycoprotein and lipoproteins. The concentration of plasma protein is largely occupied by Albumin, which is about 3.4-4.7 g/dl as the major protein; this protein will be discourse in further details, (Murray et al 2003). Plasma protein plays a role as biomarkers in diagnosing human diseases, due to their functions as dynamic interface for molecular transport in the body even though, their determination is very difficult because it contain almost 3700 different proteins as found in the literature, (Manley and Gailer, 2009). It was well known from early research, (Himmelhoch, et al, 1966) that plasma protein contain a minute amount of metals, and different technique were used to determine distribution, which will explained in more details. These metals are essential for many function in relation to good health of a living organism, 15 trace element found in plasma were considered of great importance in this aspect which includes but not limited to: Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Co, I, K, Na, Mg, Mn, Ca, as reported by (Muniz, et al 2013). However, among these trace element Cu and Zn where considered as the most important of all the trace elements in coordinating health activities and were found to bound one metal per protein. The distribution of these metals was found to be high in Plasma Albumin with a concentration of 36.1-53.6 ...