Solar energy is a fast growing energy resource among the renewable energy resources in the market and potential for solar power is huge to contribute towards the power demand almost in all the countries. The solar irradiation and temperature are mainly depends on the output power produced from the PV conversion process. Hence the maximum power point of PV array is tracked to maximize the efficiency of Photovoltaic system. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system in general is taking care of extraction of maximum power from the sun light. In this paper, a novel MPPT algorithm using hill climbing method and fuzzy system is presented to ensure the maximum MPPT efficiency in order to ensure the maximum power across the inverter terminals. Due to the reduction in the number of switches in the proposed inverter, it reduces the switching losses. Thus the proposed inverter become a new sufficient solution for many applications like automotive electronics, PV systems, solar home applications and other power supply systems. Here in this paper, intelligent control method uses a Fuzzy Logic Controller applied to a DC-AC converter device. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is validated by simulation using Matlab/Simulink. The result shows that the fuzzy logic controller exhibits a better performance compared to that of conventional method and hardware implementation of open loop system also presented. INTRODUCTION The inevitable costs of using fossil fuels to generate electricity have led to attracting lots of interests to the green energy sources recently. Among these green energy sources the solar energy may be the most important one because it is available almost everywhere unlike wind, geothermal, sea waves, etc. Due to h... ... middle of paper ... ... Fig.15 Total Harmonic Distortion TABLE.1 Comparison of Simulation and Hardware Results for open loop system System Output voltage (Volts) Power (Watts) THD (%) Simulation-open loop 60V 186W 13.40% Hardware-open loop 58.8V 159.6W 9.9% CONCULSION From the above simulation outcome, we assure that output power of solar panel is increased by using fuzzy based maximum power point technique when compared to the conventional method in MPPT algorithm. A PV interfaced fuzzy based MPPT controller with boost inverter is implemented in this paper, to convert dc input voltage into greater output ac voltage by using PWM techniques and is connected to load. The proposed topology has several desirable features such as low cost and compact size as number of switches used, increase in power, are limited to four as against six switches used in classical two-stage inverters.
The effectiveness of PV module depends on how perpendicular the sunrays fall on the PV. If PV is facing toward the sun, it produces maximum power. Stationary solar panels cannot face toward the sun all day as sun moves. However, maximum radiation depends on two other aspects of stationary solar panels. One is the direction and the other is the tilt angle of the panels. A meter long panels can generate maximum of 1000W, if sunlight strikes directly on it. Few factors affect the sunlight strikes a PV panel. When the sunlight passes through the air, air molecules such as dust, vapor, clouds, volcanoes can absorb some of the radiation. This absorbed part of radiation is known as diffuse solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions have great effect on solar radiation. The solar radiation can decrease 10% to 100% depending on
This paper introduces the use of the voltage multiplier technique and passive absorption circuit applied to the non-isolated dc-dc converter in order to obtain high efficiency and high voltage gain. A passive absorption circuit is inserted in the interleaved flyback converter to transfer the leakage energy to load. The operation principle of the circuit is explained. This paper also deals with MPPT controlled high step up dc-dc converter. The switching element used in the flyback converter is MOSFETs, which is completely on and completely off. This is because MOSFET has high power rating and high switching speed. Moreover, high voltage conversion ratio is achieved. The simulated results are presented with R load.
Solar Photovoltaic power is one of the rapid growing energy sources in the world. The need for energy security and stability is driving governments across the world to promote and develop renewable power sources. The global solar Photovoltaic market witnessed high growth in 2009 and 2010, with 24,600 MW of installed capacity coming online in these two years compared to the 8,912 MW installed in 2007 and 2008. Cumulative installed capacity increased from 16,127 MW in 2008 to 40,727 MW in 2010. Europe is the leading solar PV market, with a share of 76% of the total cumulative installed capacity, followed by the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for a share of 16.0% in 2010.
This paper presents coupled inductor interleaved boost converter with LC filter for ripple free current. Based on the conventional coupled inductor interleaved boost converter, two coupled inductor and two LC filter is added to the proposed converter .So the proposed converter achieves reduced input and output current ripple. Hence the ripple ratio of input and output current is reduced. In order to verify that, a proposed converter of 12v input voltage and 24v output voltage operating at 50 khz is constructed. And simulations are verified by using MATLAB Simulink. So the ripple free proposed circuit is used for various photovoltaic applications.
With the growing cost of fuel for cars and the rolling blackouts of last summer, the need for an alternative, cost-effective, environment friendly energy source is escalating. Many possible solutions have been presented, such as nuclear power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells; prevalent among these is solar power.
Preview: Today I will discuss the potential that solar power has to become this country’s main supply of energy and the latest research that can make solar power more efficient and cost effective. I will also present the environmental benefits that come with using solar power over other and more harmful forms of energy.
At our new house, we have two stand alone pedestals with six 170W panels on each pedestal, making for 2040W or 2kW solar system. According to Mr. Solar.com, “this type of energy production, known as the Photovoltaic Effect, is achieved by solar panels converting sunlight into energy. Solar panels are made up of several individual solar cells, composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the sunlight’s photons and by doing so initiate an electric current, producing electrons. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into an electric field generated by the solar cells, which then pull these free electrons into a DC or directional current.” This electricity then proceeds to a mechanical room beneath our house to a charge controller, which regulates the amount of energy sent to our 24V batteries to be stored. From these batteries, the electricity goes to an inverter, which then changes the DC to AC or alternating current in order to use our modern electrical appliances and gadgets.
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
The drastically increasing prices of fossil fuel and gasoline are making it harder for us to afford it. The fossil fuel is a natural resource which is reducing the supply of our reserves every second. It is one of the main sources for spreading pollution and global warming which is affecting our health as well as our environment. Solar energy is a suitable replacement of fossil fuel in term of green environment, recyclable, affordability and long lasting. Although, there are still many issues with solar energy which needs to be solved, but its availability far exceeds any conceivable future energy demands. A number of benefits could be gained from solar energy which includes dishes that concentrate the sun rays to heat fluid which drives engine and produce power. The installation of solar energy panel is very convenient and it could be attached on the roof of the car and building or any surface which has direct access to sun light in order to generate cheap and affordable electricity.
Solar energy depends on the energy comes from solar radiation that utilized for produce electricity or heating. The electricity generates by either photovoltaic or heat engines. There are two types of solar technologies. The first is passive solar techniques which use phot...
Solar energy is clean energy that does not affect our environment. Solar power utilizes the sun’s energy to produce electricity, unlike other sources of energy, which rely on continual mining for raw materials. Consequently, producing solar energy from the heat from the sun does not result into the annihilation of the ecosystem, compared to the extraction of fossil fuels (Bode, 2005). Therefore, with the use of solar energy, it will help keep the environment clean, thus help to combat the issue of global warming, which is a threat to the world’s ecosystem worldwide. The use of solar energy will help save the worlds vegetation, and help prev...
One of the most compelling arguments for the use of renewable energy is how many forms exist of it. Nuclear power, solar power, wind power, tidal power, hydroelectric power, pumped storage, wave power, geothermal power, biomass, and biogas are the most widely known renewable energy sources (Darvill, 2013). This large selection of fuels supports the idea of renewable fuels one day powering the entire planet. All the sources of energy have different niches and benefits. Solar energy is extremely ef...
In chapter thirteen of our book, Environment by Raven and Berg, it shows us just how important renewable energy sources are. Currently the United States of America thrives on the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power. The main problems with these types of fuel are that they are both limited and can be extremely harmful to our environment. They cause global warming, air pollution, acid rain, and oil spills (Environment), and not only that, but in the grand scheme of things, these sources really aren’t even that cheap of a fuel source. There are many alternatives to these all but outdated fuel sources.
Wind is a form of solar energy. The term wind energy describes the process by which the wind is used to generate electricity or mechanical power. Wind turbines convert mechanical energy from the wind into electrical power. Wind turbines usually have three main parts. There are blades that connect to a central hub, a box behind the blades that contains the generator, and a long stem that connects to the ground. The way how it works is that the wind turns the blades, which spins a shaft that connects to a generator making electricity. After the electricity is produced it is sent through transmission lines to a substation that is sent to business and homes. For the sake of our planet, we must promote a renewable energy economy. Wind power can be a foundation of that sustainable energy future because it provides jobs in states that are building wind turbines, is a renewable energy source, and does not damage our environment. The environment will not be damaged by the pollution, the natural resources will not be used up, and there won’t be generating of hazardous wastes. Welcoming wind energy today will lay the foundation for a healthy tomorrow that will affect everyone in the United States. There are obstacles and challenges that will make it more difficult, but the environmental impact is well worth it to invest more money into wind energy.
With the depletion of fossil fuel resources comes speculations and debates about alternative energy sources. The world, including the Philippines, is practically dependent on a dwindling non-renewable source of energy. Today, experts are debating about and considering three options: Nuclear, Solar, or Wind Energy. Everyone has been accustomed to the bad image of nuclear energy as a result of the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents above all others. The popular belief is that radiation from a nuclear meltdown is very harmful to humans and other living things—which is true—and that nuclear power plants are very dangerous and not ideal—which is not. According to Smith, et. al (n.d), all the nuclear disasters that ever occurred were caused by human error and natural disasters like tsunamis, not one because of system failure. Putting the false beliefs aside, with proper engineering and adequate maintenance by experts, a nuclear power plant is a very ideal and viable source of energy for the following reasons: