The belief in what comes after death has been one of the most important debates, as well as one of the biggest influences, in life since the term “god” was coined. As stated by Thomas Gurthire, “Religion is the mortar that binds society together; the granite pedestal of liberty; the strong backbone of the social system.” The ideas of religion remain the leading foundation to a society of virtuous and moral concepts of ethics today. The reason why religion has been linked with society is because most Americans have been taught in their childhood that there are certain actions we shouldn’t do because they are “bad things” and actions that we must do that are considered “good” because there is someone named god who watches us and knows when we …show more content…
In order for a society to be morally good, people from diverse beliefs must learn to create friendships and accept the differences. In Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, he underlines what good friendships are characterized as. The problem with common friendships in society, as Aristotle states, is that they are based on both utility and pleasure. “Those who love fore utility or pleasure are fond of a friend because of what is good or pleasant for themselves.” (Aristotle 445). He explains that “friendships are only complete in virtue if it is a friendship of good people. Good people are virtuous when they only wish goods in their friends the same way they wish good for themselves; and as long as the friendship continues to be good, virtuous will continue to be enduring” (Aristotle 446). Although Aristotle explains that these kind of friendships are rare because there are very few people who are like this, virtuous friendships will soon reflect a virtuous …show more content…
Dawkins goes to explain the effects of religion in terms of three aspects of religion: science, homosexuality, and abortion that has caused people to be extremist. He explains that the difference between religion and scientist is that religion is hostel to fundamental principles because it “teaches us not to change our minds, and not to what to know exciting things that are available to know (Dawkins 284). In other words, scientists are willing to change their beliefs or perspectives because of new accurate evidence that says otherwise while religious people don’t change their beliefs even if evidence contradicts it. Scientific ideas such as evolution are so fascinating and beautiful, but religious people are unable to see it because they are so narrowed vision in their religious belief. Religious people have also moralized faith based on caring passionately what people do in their private home. What is done privately has become an affect on others when you step outside of your home. Dawkins explains that people are not choosing to act in a certain way, but religion and its teachings has forced people to (Dawkins
Friendship can be debated as both a blessing and a curse; as a necessary part of life to be happy or an unnecessary use of time. Friends can be a source of joy and support, they can be a constant stress and something that brings us down, or anywhere in between. In Book 9 of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses to great lengths what friendship is and how we should go about these relationships. In the short story “Melvin in the Sixth Grade” by Dana Johnson, we see the main character Avery’s struggle to find herself and also find friendship, as well as Melvin’s rejection of the notion that one must have friends.
Aristotle uses a rather categorical approach to friendship. By making strict delineations and then using examples, he establishes a rather strict definition of friendship that is created along lines of social class. He argues, among other things, that friendship must be between similarly virtuous men of equal standing. In addition, the purest form of friendship, and the one that Aristotle considers the only genuine friendship, involves that of two men and that is free from outside reciprocation.
Late one evening, curled up in her nest, Harriet lay thoughtfully reading the last of Aristotle’s model of friendships: the perfect friendship. Though no secret to Harriet, Aristotle presents the idea that it is the most desirable and genuine of the three forms. The foundation of this friendship is not trivial, but instead the relationship is built on a common good and virtuous nature. As Aristotle explains, “those who love for the sake of utility love for the sake of what is good for themselves, and those who love for the sake of pleasure do so for the sake of what is pleasant to themselves.” Aristotle continues, “Perfect friendship is the friendship of men who are good, and alike in virtue; for those wish well alike to each other qua good, and they are good in themselves.” (concluding sentence or two...)
Friendship is undoubtedly one of the most important elements in the books of Aristotle’s ethical principles. Aristotle takes the idea of friendship to a serious degree. He categorizes them into three groups or types of friendships. This report will attempt to define each type of friendship as well as identify the role of friendship in a society.
II In Books VIII and IX, Aristotle discusses the role of friendship in the good life.
Friendship is an important factor in the life of a human being. Development in human beings requires some aspects of bonding to form a social life. The bonding forms an essential aspect of living referred to as friendship. It forms one of the main theories of human nature. For instance, Aristotle contributed a lot to the philosophy of friendship followed by his counterpart Cicero. Cicero used a metaphor in explaining his understanding of friendship where he referred friendship as the sun of life where apart from wisdom, indicates the best gift God gave to the human fraternity. The paper would focus on philosophical differences and similarities between Cicero and Aristotle understanding of friendship.
Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle attempts to define the meaning of ethics and to create the perfect society as did Plato in The Republic. In Aristotle’s attempt at definition he discusses the difference and significance of voluntary and involuntary action. Beginning by defining, Aristotle soon realizes many situations are too complex for just black vs. white terms and he introduces another term; non-voluntary. This leads to discussion of choice and deliberation, bringing his viewpoints into applicable terms, out of philosophy and into everyday life.
A friendship relies on the goodness of both people; if goodness is not present the friendship will cease to exist. Cicero uses many different instances in his book Laelius: On Friendship to explain how a friendship relies on the goodness of both people to survive. First he starts by talking about the types of friendships that come to an end when goodness ceases to exist. He explains that some friendships rely on advantages, but these friendships never last. He states that “if advantages were what kept friendships together, the removal of that advantage would mean that the friendship itself would cease to exist” (194). A friendship should rely on the qualities of both people, and not on the advantages you get from them. Cicero explains that “when a man shows kindness and generosity, his motive in doing so is not just too exact repayment” (193). Next he talks about friendships that fail due to one person asking too much of the other. He brings in the example of Tiberius Gracchus, “As for Tiberius Gracchus, when he was disrupting the government, we saw how Quintus
First, the article introduces the audience to friendships described by Aristotle, and Todd May. In the text it states, “It is threatened when we are encouraged to look up on those
In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle then describes steps required for humans to obtain the ultimate happiness. He also states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. A virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The role of virtue to Aristotle is an important one, with out it, it seems humans cannot obtain happiness. Virtue is the connection one has to happiness and how they should obtain it. My goal in this paper is to connect Aristotle’s book of Nicomachean Ethics to my own reasoning of self-ethics. I strongly agree with Aristotle’s goal of happiness and conclude to his idea of virtues, which are virtuous states of character that affect our decision making in life.
One of Aristotle’s most influential works, Nicomachean Ethics, lays claim that there is an actual, material definition of what happiness is and ways one may possibly attain the greatest good in life, which is ultimately to be happy. Furthermore, Aristotle distinguishes that there is a difference between higher and lower pleasures that one ought to seek in life. He believed that the highest good one has the possibility of achieving is grasping true virtue. In Aristotle’s eyes, there are different types of virtue; intellectual virtue is learned from the teachings of society, whereas moral virtue is discovered as result of our habits.
Philosophers have discussed and debated about friendship and the true meaning of being a friend to others; Aristotle has given requirements as well as qualities a friend possess within different types of friendships. He debates that a good man does not need friends, but the points he brings up proves that a good man can not live a pleasant life in solitary. Many believe this to be true based off of Aristotle's point that a good man does not need friends as long as they are self sufficient and blessedly happy (63). Aristotle defends that theory by stating that a good man already has all his goods, which would make him self sufficient in itself and as long as the man is good than he does not need friendship. If a friendship were to emerge between a man who is happy and self sufficient and a man who is not, the friendship would falter because the good man does not benefit from the relationship.
Aristotle presents his view of the mutual desire for good in others, or Friendship in his work, The Nicomachean Ethics. He asserts that friendship comes in three types, Virtue Friendship, Use Friendship, and Pleasure Friendship. He distinguishes Virtue Friendship as the perfect friendship, leaving Use Friendship and Pleasure friendship as deficient friendships. C.S. Lewis presents his view of friendship, which is motivated by appreciation love, in his book The Four Loves in a manner seeming to correspond to Aristotle’s concept of Virtue Friendship. Lewis also presents his perception of Companionship, which seems to correspond to Aristotle’s notion of Use and Pleasure Friendships. Lewis presents a more modern and seemingly accurate rehabilitation
Aristotle wrote on many subjects in his lifetime but one of the virtues that he examines more extensively is friendship. Aristotle believes that there are three different kinds of friendship: utility, pleasure, and virtuous friendships. He also argues that a real friendship should be highly valued because it is a complete virtue and he believes it to be greater than honor and justice. Aristotle suggests that human’s love of utility and pleasure is the only reason why the first two types of friendships exist. Aristotle also argues that humans only set up these types of relationships for personal gain. But when he speaks of the virtuous friendships, Aristotle states that it is one of the greatest attainments one can achieve.
Religion provides order within people and gives the individual some clarity to the unknown “life after death”. Religion gives and individual to something to look forward to after death. The common belief in most religions is that life after death depends on how we live life on earth which, greatly contributes to the order in society. Through the participation of religion one is exposed to divine motivation which contribute to the individual’s perspective of social norms as well as how they live life while alive. As per an educational website boundless.com “Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions, and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe.” This clearly indicates the theory that religion socializes an individual in a manner that contributes to the order of society. Religion has contributed to my socialization greatly. I am a very religious individual and I do have the belief that the way I live life on earth will determine my life after death. My religion keeps me sane and instill obedience in me and affects how I carry myself in