One kind of poetry existed from very long time ago. At the beginning, in preliterate societies in which period there was no sophisticated writing system, poetry existed in oral form, and people used poetry in oral form to record or to do the storytelling to the next generation (Poetry.org. website. 2005) Therefore, it can be said that there is no clear evidence that shows from when one kind of poetry started to exist. Although it is clear that human in early days had one kind of poetry. The writing system appeared in the sophisticated society, such as Mesopotamian society, Egyptian society, Aegean society as I learned from the class lecture. A poetry which was recorded in the writing style can be seen from such sophisticated period. During such sophisticated period, epic which is a long poem was the mainstream. Epic always described the heroic character and his adventure in narrative style, the style that poet tells a story in his poetry. The famous poem "The epic of Gilgamesh" was recorded on the clay tablet in Mesopotamian society and later in early Greece, Homeric epics "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were created, and it had an influence on later poetry. The influence of the Greek can be seen in the works of the Ennius who was called the father of Roman poetry (Cunningham S. Lawrence and Reich J. John P331). Catullus was a poet in the Rome who lived in the same period as Cicero, and both of them had great contribution to literary development in that period.
Catullus was known for his poetry in which he expressed the emotion of love for a woman whose name was Lesbia. According to the website Poetry foundation, his poetry was influenced by the learned and self-conscious style of Hellenistic poetry. However, Catullus did not just imitat...
... middle of paper ...
...m of Catullus was that the contents is much closer than the other poems I read from the textbook, such as “The Epic of Gilgamesh”, and the Homeric epic “Iliad” and “Odyssey”. Those epics had some parts that I could not understand because the epic is the story which contains old expression and complicated and long story. The one thing I think I learned from Catullus is that the power of love is great and influences people in both early period and modern world.
Works cited
1. Cunningham S. Lawrence and Reich J. John. P331-332. Culture &Values ~a survey of the numanities ~ volume1 seventh edition.
2. "What is poetry" Poetry.org; 2005
3. “Gaius Valerius Catullus” Poetry foundation.
4. Pamela Hartmann and Laurie Blass. Quest 3second edition: 2007, P 168, P180
Although Phillis?s poetry was well received throughout New England, there were people who did not believe all of the poetry was actually written by Phillis. Her expertise with the heroic couplet form perfected by her literary hero Alexander Pope and the allusions to classic Greek and English poetry caused the speculation. In order to prove the validity of her poetry, Joh...
Haber, J. G., & Halfon, M. S. (1998). Norms and values: Essays on the work of Virginia Held. Lanham, MR: Rowman & Littlefield.
Building off of the socioeconomic example presented, Stuart continues detailing the complexities regarding culture. Some of the issues discussed are the subjective nature of cultures, the ambiguous boundaries of cultures...
Aristotle wrote the Poetics in the fourth century BCE as an account for his observations of the defining characteristics of tragedies and epic poetry. In this work, Aristotle defines catharsis as “purging” and “cleansing” of the emotion of the audience at the end of a tragedy or epic poem. Such feelings of pity or fear towards one character or one group of characters are caused because of their unfortunate circumstance throughout the plot of the tragedy or poem. In The Women of Troy there are multiple characters who are faced with hopeless situations that would cause the audience to feel pity and release their emotion. In the Iliad, the release of emotion is less obvious but still present. Euripides’s uses of catharsis in The Women of Troy and Homer’s uses of catharsis in the Iliad comply with the definition that Aristotle provides in the Poetics; and are essential in aiding the audience in understanding the severity of the Trojan War and its aftermath.
Hofstede conceptualizes national culture with several distinctive attributes. Culture to him is territorially unique and nationally shared according to a national tendencies deducted from the survey results. Also, national culture to him is implicit, core, systematically, enduring, meaning it does not change over time, and determinate. Hofstede regards characteristics as identifiable and consequences as predictable (McSweeney 2002). Lastly, he looks at culture “as ‘mental programming’, as ‘s...
of poems that are story size that we now call epic poems. But it was mainly through
historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; Culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action.”
Value systems across cultures can help to explain the differences in behaviour amongst people from different countries (McCort and Malhotra, 1993), which tend to stay with people over time. There are many different cultures and in order for an organisation to be successful, they need to take many different into account to ensure that they are successful in different countries and cultures. Cultural values appear to have considerable effects on management decision making processes (Clark, 1990; Ken, 1985; Picken, 1987; Shane, 1988; Swierczek, 1991). Culture is defined as “the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs” (Unesco, 2002).
Of course, in those times, public mass education was not available and many people took what they read at face value. For example if we read only individual lines from the poem and took them as they meant, then there meanings are controversial. If we read the whole poem, we understand the true meaning behind it. For example, when Strephon dives his hand in hope to find something in Celia’s chest to dissociate all he found earlier, but discovers that he plunged his hand in stool. This is symbolic for men misunderstanding the value of women because they do the same things as them
Cunningham, Lawrence S., and Reich, John J. Culture & Values: A Survey of the Humanities. Boston: Clark Baxter, 2010. Print.
In the book the Iliad, The Odyssey, and Works and days, there are many things that can be similar when talking about Greek heroes and the world of Greek poetry. The stories and topics are describing similar events during this time of the eighth and seventh century B.C. In the end, however, they do have some differences in some parts when describing or explaining certain situations and ideas. The world of Greek heroes is written like a story; or Epic Poetry. That is what The Iliad and The Odyssey are; Epic Poetries. They are telling a story of a great hero and their adventures. On the other hand, the more realistic Greek World that is being described in Works and days is a Didactic poem, which tells more of a moral or message to the reader.
Griswold, W. (2013). Cultures and societies in a changing world. (4th ed.). United States of America: SAGE publications Inc.
In the end, what we learn from this article is very realistic and logical. Furthermore, it is supported with real-life examples. Culture is ordinary, each individual has it, and it is both individual and common. It’s a result of both traditional values and an individual effort. Therefore, trying to fit it into certain sharp-edged models would be wrong.
Aristotle’s Poetics is considered the first work of literary criticism in our tradition. The couple of pages in the book mainly describe tragedy from Aristotle’s point of view. He defines tragedy as being an imitation of an action that is a whole and complete in itself and of a certain magnitude. Aristotle also points out terms such as catharsis, which can be said that is the purification of one’s soul. He argues in his Poetics that catharsis is achieved through emotions of pity or fear, which is created in the audience as they witness the tragedy of a character who suffers unjustly, but is not entirely innocent. Then he moves on to describing the main elements of tragedy.
According to Aristotle, a tragedy must be an imitation of life in the form of a serious story that is complete in itself among many other things. Oedipus is often portrayed as the perfect example of what a tragedy should be in terms of Aristotle’s Poetics. Reason being that Oedipus seems to include correctly all of the concepts that Aristotle describes as inherent to dramatic tragedy. These elements include: the importance of plot, reversal and recognition, unity of time, the cathartic purging and evocation of pity and fear, the presence of a fatal flaw in the “hero”, and the use of law of probability.