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Chinese economic development and communism
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Communist/socialist movements played a vital role in the development of liberation movements. Throughout most of Asia and Africa the communist/socialist sphere of influence grew to amass approximately a third of the worlds population. Engulfing many nations on the cusp of their independence. The relationship between the communist/socialist movements and liberation movements was based on an acting factor that enabled the movement to succeed because of the communist/socialist influence over the factor.
Communism is a socioeconomic movement that played major a role in several countries. Gestating from the theology of Karl Marks’ and Friedrich Engles’ work The Communist Manifesto published in 1848; laying the foundation for the application of policy during the early 20th. As a result, leaders such as Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin were able to implement and further develop these theories in the Soviet Union. Their goal as Mark Sandle points out, was to modernize and industrialize as quickly as possible. Focusing on the industrial sector and its components through means of Stalin’s 5-Year plans intended to revolutionize industry (Sandle, 92). However the Soviet Union was not alone, communist China under the rule of Mao Zedong in 1957 had developed an alternative model. Evident with the emergence of The Great Leap Forward a plan with the aim of a more balanced and modern overall economic strategy. Mao set out to exploit Chinas abundance of labor to transform their economy through the processes of agriculturalization industrialization, and collectivization (Sandle, 114). The influence of communism was not limited to The Soviet Union or China, its influence spread across four continents and over a third of the world’s population. Ca...
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... off has gotten him in a worse situation than he was in originally. Furthermore the Cold War is shown as the story unravels and even though the whole time Wormold liberation leader rather than be taken off the job is left in place as many of the dictators and tyrants were after the Cold War was over and Milly(the country) who almost had the feeling of having a mother again(true independence) is forced to settle with out one. Just as many of the nations after the Cold War were just forgotten about and left in a state of conflict.
The relationship between socialist/communist movements and liberation movements was impacted by the influence that was developed over the acting factor in the movements were based on. By manipulating and using the existing influence that the communists had, they were able to develop the strong relationship with newly independent nations.
Founded on October 15th 1966 in Oakland, California, the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an organization opposed to police brutality against the black community. The Party’s political origins were in Maoism, Marxism, and the radical militant ideals of Malcolm X and Che Guevara. From the doctrines of Maoism they saw the role of their Party as the frontline of the revolution and worked to establish a unified alliance, while from Marxism they addressed the capitalist economic system, and exemplified the need for all workers to forcefully take over means of production (Baggins, Brian). Mao was important to the Black Panthers because of his different stance on Marxism-Leninism when applied to Chinese peasants. The founders of the Black Panther Party, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale saw links between the Chinese peasants and the oppression of blacks in America and used Mao’s “little red book” as a guideline for social revolution (Baggins, Brian).
Following the Chinese Revolution of 1949, China’s economy was in ruin. The new leader, Mao Zedong, was responsible for pulling the economy out of the economic depression. The problems he faced included the low gross domestic product, high inflation, high unemployment, and high prices on goods. In order to solve these issues, Mao sought to follow a more Marxist model, similar to that of the Soviet Union. This was to use government intervention to develop industry in China. In Jan Wong’s Red China Blues, discusses Maoism and how Mao’s policies changed China’s economy for the worse. While some of Mao’s early domestic policies had some positive effects on China’s economy, many of his later policies caused China’s economy to regress.
During the 20th century, the rise of communism sparked rage in people throughout the world. More towards the end of the 1900's the fall of communism and dictatorships was just the beginning of what would eventually be a large democratic change for several countries. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End, speaks about the change brought to several different countries from the 1980's-1990's and plans to show "the global transformations that marked the end of the cold war and shaped the era in which we live"(Pg V). During the cold war, communist had power and control over a large area and spread communism throughout several continents. This book specifically hits on six different studies of where communism and dictatorship affected these areas and what they did to stop it. Poland, Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine, and China throughout the end of the 20th century created revolutionary movements which brought them all one step closer to freeing themselves and creating democratic change.
Moving forward from the Industrial Revolutions, the course emphasized World War I, as a truly world-redefining war. Stromberg may argue that the First World War was devastating and then arbitrarily move on to the next period in history, which was the rise of Communism and Fascism, but through the lecture we see the connection. “Communism and Fascism were the two big movements out of WWI” (6/1). As the lecture explains, World War I produced many extremist ideas, and the reason for these extremist ideas was the problems the world identified inherently from the conditions it was left in after the war. The role of communism and fascism did not end here though, its impact continued until after the Second World War and led to giving fuel to decolonization. In isolation, we may treat the two wars as having impact on each nation individually, the truth is far from that, and many nations leaned on common ideas in order to decolonize. “Class, religion and race were all forms of identity that transcended national borders, and movements of national independence drew from international movements” (6/3). The highlighted idea being “international movements. From this we understand that the big story was that imperially ruled nations wanted to decolonize and start anew as independent world. The big story, is not, as Stromberg may have us believe that each nation, in isolation, worked on
This can be seen in the War in Vietnam. Although both wars were fought from a communist and capitalist side, the people’s main drive was the unification and formal recognition of their country as an independent state. In the interrogation of a captured NLF fighter in 1967, the prisoner explains that she “respected the front a great deal” because they were “willing to accept any sacrifices required of themselves and of their relatives for the country.”4 She “viewed the cadres as living embodiments of heroes”4and that they stood up “to fight the evil in order to protect the people.”4 In the eyes of the National Liberation Front, capitalism and communism did not represent a more favorable ideology, but rather the names of their supporters and enemies. The Vietnamese fought for their people and against a county that was following in the steps of colonialism, not for the name of communism. This common strive for self determination can be seen in the Non-Alignment movement, in which several Asian and African countries refused to join either power bloc and instead bound together to fight for self determination. Following the signatures of African and Asian countries, many Latin American countries joined the movement in the 1970s. Several Latin American countries were up in arms after American coups disregarded Latin American self determination and overthrew democratically elected political leaders. Latin American countries also became increasingly suspicious when international companies, such as the United Fruit Company, began to resemble a colonial regime by exploiting Latin American resources. The anger that arose from this exploitation sparked conversation about how economic capabilities related to global
Mohandas Gandhi and Mao Zedong were two great leaders who succeeded in many ways by their actions and decisions. Gandhi was an Indian leader and Mao a Chinese leader. However, their approach to success, peace, and ultimately, a revolution, was very different. Mao favored peace through violence, and Gandhi favored peace through non-cooperation and standing up for what is right. He also believed that these changes will be accomplished by “conscious suffering”, was the way he put it. However, despite their differences, these two leaders were similar too. They were both very charismatic leaders who successfully made it through their revolutions. Mao’s revolution led to change in class structure while Gandhi’s revolution involved India as a country, and he wanted people to realize that working together is a great way to gain independence. While Mao and Gandhi both believed that each of their countries have the need of independence, their views differed when it came to the use of violence, development towards the revolution, and their thoughts on a caste system.
The civil rights movement influenced the women’s liberation movement in four key ways. First, it provided women with a model for success on how a successful movement should organize itself. Second, the civil rights movement broadened the concept of leadership to include women. Third, by fighting for equality, the civil rights movement changed the culture of advocacy and made social justice a legitimate cause. Finally, by eventually excluding women, the civil rights movement spurred women to organize their own movement. Without the civil rights movement, the women’s movement likely would never taken off on its own.
The defining characteristics of the two ideologies were crucial to the nature of the regimes and their influence on the world. Fascism is an authoritarian single-party state based on “mystical nationalism, often with racist elements and especially a charismatic leader who presents himself as a national savior .” Its far-right view turned the fascist regime into a strong but notorious power. For communism, the central idea that Marx and Engels theorized in “The Communist Manifesto” is
As seen today, this movement was wildly successful with outcomes that have had a direct action on the country’s progress. The movement was so successful because of its differences from previous movements. The strategies, structures, and messages employed led to the creation of many movements after.
1) Name and describe the Social Movement. What is the goal of the Social Movement?
Reviewing the relationships between each of these movements shows the connection they all shared in influencing each other. The development and growth of the African-American civil rights movement ultimately led to their success in realizing their goals being met. The New Left movement stemmed from this growth and success and as a result made their own impact on America through their similar tactics and approach to the issues of war and injustice. Feminism stemmed from the inequality with the New Left groups and the awareness brought on by the civil rights movements of the 1960s.
This essay has critically analysed and examined the effect of Communism on the Chinese Society during the period of 1946-1964. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that the Chinese Communist Party managed to defeat the Kuomintang (Nationalist) Party and achieve victory in the Civil War, in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U.S. This was primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms introduced by this party which brought more equality to the peasants in the form of land ownership and better public services. This increased China’s production and manufacturing which not only boosted the country’s economy but also provided a more sustainable supply of food, goods and services for the Chinese people.
The Communist Manifesto made the oppressed people aware of their status and called them to unite. It did this by outlining the history of classes and class struggle. The Communist Manifesto stated that society and history are shaped by class struggles and that two classes were present in 1848, the bourgeois and the proletariat. The document goes on to state that the bourgeois had created capitalism and were oppressing the proletariat.[1] Marx defines the proletariat as “an appendage of the machine”. [2] He recognized how the proletariats were being exploited and he brought it to the attention of the public. Not only does the Communist Manifesto point out that the proletariats were being exploited, it went a step further and called the proletariats to action. He called the working class the revolutionary class and told them that they had the power to fight the bourgeois.[3] The Communist Manifesto forced the Proletariats to recognize their exploitation. As a result the attitude of the proletariat was changed. Proof that the proletariats attitudes were changed comes from the widespread uprising of revolutions in Europe that followed the publication of the Communist Manifesto.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ The Communist Manifesto explores class struggles and their resulting revolutions. They first present their theory of class struggle by explaining that “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Marx 14), meaning that history is a repeated class struggle that only ends with a revolution. Marx and Engels’ message in The Communist Manifesto is that it is inevitable for class struggles to result in revolutions, ultimately these revolutions will result in society’s transition to communism.
World Socialist Movement. Socialist Standard, n.d. -. Web. The Web. The Web. 11 Apr. 2014.