Introduction
Over the years, the nature of work in New Zealand has seen many changes. One of these changes is the increasing amount of non-standard employment across many industries. These non-standard employment arrangements include temporary, casual and labour hire workers, independent and dependent contractors (Burton, 2011).
For many years the divergence between independent contractors and employees has been cause for much dispute. There have been many cases regarding this relationship. For instance, a key case in regards to this paper is that of Bryson v Three Foot Six [2005] 3 NZLR 721, which showed the ambiguity of the contractual agreement. In 2010, these contractual matters were evident in the dispute surrounding the Hobbit production.
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Therefore, they would solely rely on one company for work. These contractors receive no guaranteed work, and the work and hours they receive are limited (Tyson, 2011).
Overview of Majors
Warner Brothers and Sir Peter Jackson intended to film The Hobbit productions in New Zealand, as was the Lord of the Rings trilogy (Tyson, 2011). In light of the Bryson vs Three Foot Six Ltd (2005) case, Warner Brothers believed the New Zealand employment relations environment was unpredictable (Wilkinson, 2011) and that there would be adverse consequences to the contractual status of actors due to the case (Walker & Tipples, 2013). Therefore, they were unsure about commencing filming in New Zealand.
Before the amendment there was a large amount of ambiguity regarding a person’s employment status, in which the courts had the power to decide the definition of the relationship, either being a Contract for Service or Contract of Service (Wilkinson, 2013). Due to this ambiguity and the increased costs associated with these issues, Warner Brothers wanted confirmation that all workers on The Hobbit would be contractors and unable to claim
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In order to combat these financial issues a new success was required. This law change assisted with this success as they benefited from extra subsidies (Tyson, 2011). Also, because of their size and influence, Warner Brothers had substantial leverage in regards to the law change. Sir Peter Jackson’s reputation and power provided direct access to senior levels of New Zealand Government (Haworth, 2011). They also had the power to move the production offshore and to source replacement actors if New Zealand Government did not intervene. It could be claimed Warner Brothers main concern was about themselves and they had little concern about the rights of
The Frodo Franchise is an academic book written by the film scholar Kristin Thompson about the Lord of the Rings (shortened to Rings) films. Early on, Thompson states that she wrote this book for three reasons. The first reason was her love for Tolkien’s work. The second reason was because the Rings had one of the most historically significant impacts on modern day movies. The third reason was because Thompson went to New Zealand while the film was in production. This resulted in Thompson being in the best position to write a book on how the films were made (Thompson 7-12). In her book, Thompson goes into great detail to explain to readers why the Rings trilogy is so historically significant. After reading the first couple of chapters of the book, Thompson convinced me that her claim was correct. I agree with Thompson when she states that “like a great rock falling into a lake, the ripples that is caused spread far, and they will continue to do so for years to come (Thompson 2)
This article stated that, according to a study conducted by the United Way and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), approximately 40% of young workers in Ontario are in jobs classified as part-time, temporary or self-employed. The same study also found that less than half of part-time/temporary workers were able to transition into full-time higher-wage work and, perhaps most importantly, the percentage of those able to transition will likely decline over the next decade. Clearly, the growth of part-time and temporary jobs has been growing on an upward trend over the past decade and appears to have become part of business as usual. A study conducted in 2015 by the United Way and the Law Commission of Ontario (LCO) states that approximately 22% of part-time/temporary work in the past year can be characterized as precarious work, i.e. work with poor or no benefits and job security. The growth in precarious employment is due to many factors including Globalization, improved technology, changes to business models, and the economic shift from manufacturing to the service sector. These shifts have essentially formed a new economy that has a high demand for fluidity and flexibility in the common workplace, and has low a demand for the old fashioned “Standard” model of the workplace (largely full-time employees with a full suite of
Bilbo Baggins is a hobbit, one who enjoys peace and quiet, feasts and fireplaces, and the coziness of his home. At the beginning the The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, Bilbo could not even imagine going on a tenacious adventure, but by the end he has survived the longest, toughest battle yet. Throughout the novel Bilbo Baggins changes from a prudent, typical hobbit into a courageous, sacrificing adventurer.
Ferguson, J. (1997), Casual Employment Contracts: Continuing Confusion when Protection and Free Market Clash, New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 22(1): 123-142
In collective bargaining, employers too are stakeholders and ensuring that their interests are not compromised is important. Particularly, this is the case when the employees’ interests are conflicting with those of the employers. For example, a demand for shorter working hours by the workers would compromise the interests of the employer to enhancing productivity, which is part of their management mandate. In the collective bargaining agreement, some of the employers’ interests covered include managerial responsibility, safety standards, and disciplinary responsibility (Budd 11). The issue of employers’ rights is crucial to collective bargaining agreements because of the nature of the employer-employee relationship. Notably, collective bargaining is primarily based on strengthening or managing this relationship to the satisfaction of all parties. Therefore, without ensuring that the rights and responsibilities of each party are clearly stipulated in the collective bargaining agreement, the risk of one party’s interests being met at the expense of the other is real. A good example of how the issue of employer rights is featured in collective bargaining agreement occurred at one of the General Motors plants in Tonawanda where the management and workers agreed to work as partners rather than as antagonists (Pritchard Para
Moran, J. J. (2008). Employment law: New challenges in the business environment. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Kathleen, the length is only one of the reasons I “declassified” The Hobbit as a fairy tale not the only reason. Fairy tales are often always short stories and The Hobbit is not. I am familiar with myths and their lengths, and many myths are usually considered epic poems. Paradise Lost, Iliad, and Odyssey are all epic poems, but are Greek myths. Therefore, making them shorter than The Hobbit but longer than a fairy tale. Let me be clear length is a small aspect on why I no longer consider it a fairy tale. Star Wars as in George Lucas? Star Wars has elements of mythology just like The Hobbit has elements of a fairy tale the characters, a moral lesson, and the happy ending to be exact. One of the most important elements of myths is the hero's
The Hobbit, written by John R. R. Tolkien, is a fantasy novel published on September 21, 1937. It was written as a prelude to the famous series, The Lord of the Rings, written seventeen years later. The Hobbit introduces the reader to an incredibly immersive fantasy world, that enriches the reader into its epic storyline. The story takes place in a land called Middle-earth, a land filled with enchanting surprises and magical wonders. It was the perfect playground for Tolkien to develop his main character Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo Baggins was a small hobbit, who unaware in the beginning would become a large role in the plot. It is through this character that Tolkien implemented the theme of heroism into the story. Bilbo’s unexpected adventure with the dwarves and the wizard gave him the opportunity to develop into the ultimate hero of Tolkien’s tale. Bilbo’s epic journey to become the hero of the story begins when Gandalf, the wizard, tells Bilbo of an expedition that would soon change his life forever.
Empathy is one of the great mysteries of life. Why do people feel empathy? Do others deserve empathy? Is feeling empathy a strength or weakness? These questions may forever go unanswered, or they may not even have an answer. Even if they are answered, they may only be speculation. One author shows his take on the matter with one of his books. In The Hobbit, J.R.R. Tolkien uses Gollum and Thorin to show that people do deserve empathy, no matter how horrible they may be.
The Hobbit in the movie ‘The Hobbit’ by J.R.R Tolkien, the protagonist, Bilbo Baggins, displaying a hero’s journey starting as a weak and cowardly person with no knowledge of the world outside his comfort zone. As a trilogy the movie only follows part of the hero’s journey to the ORDEAL.
United States of America. National Employment Law Project. National Employment Law Project. N.p., Jan. 2011. Web. 18 May 2014.
Hobbits are short, hairy creatures who love to stay home and get even more plump than they already are. In The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, a classic fantasy tale, a hobbit named Bilbo is approached by Gandalf the Wizard to go on a quest with a group of fourteen dwarves who call themselves “Thorin & Co.”. Bilbo goes out of his comfort zone to join them and take the dwarves’ treasure back from a dragon named Smaug who stole it long ago, becoming a hero when no one ever imagined a creature like a hobbit could.
Tolkien describes, "It had a perfectly round door . . . the door opened on to a tube-shaped hall
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy film directed by Peter Jackson. The film is an adaptation of a volume of the same name by J.R.R. Tolkien published in 1954. This is the first film of Peter Jackson’s trilogy that adapted J.R.R. Tolkien’s entire Lord of the Rings series into screenplay.
A fantasy is an imaginary world where all things imaginable can be brought to life. J.R.R Tolkien portrayed fantasy through his use of skilled craftsmanship and a vivid imagination, which was presented in each piece of literature he wrote. In Tolkien's two stories The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings we see the theme of fantasy brought to life through three essential elements, heroism, magic and retribution. Heroism is shown through the character's courage and bravery in situations where conflict arises and this enables them to be seen in a new light. Magic is a form of extraordinary power seemingly through a supernatural force; it is used in a combination of combat and mystical items to aid the companions on their journey. Retribution is paid to the evil forces for the wrongs society had to endure while they were allowed to dominate. This system allows opportunity for physical and mental development in the characters and the aspect of fantasy to come to life.