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2. What are some differences between a real cell membrane and dialysis tubing
Selective permeability and how cells achieve it
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In life, it is critical to understand what substances can permeate the cell membrane. This is important because the substances that are able to permeate the cell membrane can be necessary for the cell to function. Likewise, it is important to have a semi-permeable membrane in the cell due to the fact that it can help guard against harmful items that want to enter the cell. In addition, it is critical to understand how water moves through the cell through osmosis because if solute concentration is unregulated, net osmosis can occur outside or inside the cell, causing issues such as plasmolysis and cytolysis. The plasma membrane of a cell can be modeled various ways, but dialysis tubing is especially helpful to model what substances will diffuse or be transported out of a cell membrane. The experiment seeks to expose what substances would be permeable to the cell membrane through the use of dialysis tubing, starch, glucose, salt, and various solute indicators. However, before analyzing which of the solutes (starch, glucose, and salt) is likely to pass through the membrane, it is critical to understand how the dialysis tubing compares to the cell membrane.
Dialysis tubing is made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane, and is used in clinical circumstances to ensure that molecule have a filtered flow, and that larger solute molecules do not enter the dialysis tubing. Like a cell membrane, dialysis tubing has a semi-permeable membrane, which allows small molecule to permeate through the membrane. Thus, the dialysis tubing mimics the diffusion and osmosis processes of the cell membrane. Although the dialysis tubing has a semi-permeable membrane, which mimics a cell, its structure is different. The membrane that surrounds the cell i...
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...ld move freely inside and outside of the cell, however, because there is a greater solute concentration inside the cell, the water would diffuse through osmosis into the cell model, increasing the final mass of the dialysis tubing and causing cytolysis.
Works Cited
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al., New York: Garland Science; 2002.
Buckley, James M. "[Regents Prep Living Environment] Laboratory: Indicators." [Regents Prep Living Environment] Laboratory: Indicators. N.p., 2003. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
DR. Jakubowski. "TRANSPORT AND KINETICS." BC Online: 6A: Passive and Facilitated Diffusion. N.p., 12 Mar. 2013. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.
Reece, Jane B. Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections. San Francisco, CA.: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print.
Sense, Fred. "How Does Starch Indicate Iodine?" General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Redox Reactions:. N.p., 2010. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Margination and adhesion to the endothelium, in which accumulation of leukocytes occurs along the endothelial wall for adhesion. Afterward, these adhesions cause the separation of endothelial cells, allowing the leukocytes to extend and Transmigrate through the vessel walls. Followed by the response of chemical mediators(chemotaxis) that influence cell migration via an energy directed process which triggers the activation of Phagocytosis, in which monocytes, neutrophils, and tissue macrophages are activated to engulf and degrade cellular debris and
Abstract/Summary: “Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry weight of most cells, and they are instrumental in almost everything organisms do” (Campbell, 1999). The significance of proteins to the continuation of our biological systems is undeniable, and a study of how to quantify proteins seems an appropriate introduction to our studies of biology. In order to study proteins we must first know how to separate then quantify the amount using basic principles of experimental design such as a standard curve. In this experiment we wish to quantify the amount of previously extracted protein by measuring the absorbance of the unknown amount and determining its concentration by overlaying it against a standard curve of the absorbance of known concentrations of the protein. We used the dye agent Bradford Protein Assay to get an absorbance of 0.078, 0.143, 0.393, 0.473, and 0.527 at the protein’s respective concentrations of 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, 1.12, and 1.40 mg/mL. When a best-fit line was applied to the standard curve, and the absorbance of our unknown concentration (0.317 A) plotted, we estimated a concentration of around 0.84 mg/mL of protein. Our calculations indicated a quantity of 168 mg of protein, which was an approximately 8.96% yield of the projected 1875 mg that was expected. Errors that may have led to this small yield percentage may have stemmed from our previous lab and our initial attempts to extract the desired amount of protein.
The energy for passive transport comes entirely from the kinetic energy that the molecules have. The simplest type of passive transport is diffusion, which is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion moves down the concentration gradient, which is the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space. The direction of osmosis depends on the relative concentration of the solutes on the two sides.
Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers. Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011. 268-69. Print.
The first type of dialysis I will talk about is peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis must be done every day. This dialysis takes place in the abdomen, which has a semi-permeable membrane. Solutions enter into the abdomen and are left for an amount of time. The solution helps to collect and clean the body of impurities. The solution, which flows into the peritoneal cavity, is c...
Dialysis tubing is made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane, and is used in clinical circumstances to ensure that molecule have a filtered flow, and that larger solute molecules do not enter the dialysis tubing (Alberts, 2002). Like a cell membrane, dialysis tubing has a semi-permeable membrane, which allows small molecule to permeate through the membrane. Thus, the dialysis tubing mimics the diffusion and osmosis processes of the cell membrane (Alberts, 2002). Although the dialysis tubing has a semi-permeable membrane, which mimics a cell, its structure is different. The me...
Another trend in this table which demonstrates this phenomenon is the decreasing FPV of the CHO cells after cooling and freezing/thawing which shows the increasing membrane fluidity. However, compared to the control cells (at 0 mg) the CLC treated cells still showed considerably less membrane fluidity after being cooled.
there would be no flow of water into or out of the cell so the cell
Hemodialysis uses a dialyzer, or special filter, to clean your blood. The dialyzer connects to a machine. During treatment, your blood travels through tubes into the dialyzer. The dialyzer filters out wastes and extra fluids. Then the newly cleaned blood flows through another set of tubes and back into your body.
Cain, M. L., Urry, L. A., & Reece, J. B. (2010). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings.
Activity 3: Investigating Osmosis and Diffusion Through Nonliving Membranes. In this activity, through the use of dialysis sacs and varying concentrations of solutions, the movement of water and solutes will be observed through a semipermeable membrane. The gradients at which the solutes NaCl and glucose diffuse is unproportional to any other molecule, therefore they will proceed down their own gradients. However, the same is not true for water, whose concentration gradient is affected by solute ...
In the cells shown below, water molecules will diffuse from the turgid cell into the flaccid cell, until the cells contain equal concentrations of cell sap.
Diffusion and osmosis refer to passive transport systems where molecules and ions move down concentration gradients driven by thermal motion. The concentration gradients are setup in solutions in living systems that are separated by biological membranes. Diffusion refers to the spontaneous movement of particles, molecules, or ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The process occurs slowly without any expenditure of energy. Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases. An example of diffusion is the movement of the smell of a spray from the point of spraying to the rest of the room. On the other hand, osmosis refers to the movement of molecules of a solvent such as water from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. It is a special type of diffusion that occurs in reverse. An example of osmosis is the process through which animal cells feed on the food they partake. Thus, diffusion and osmosis are called passive transport systems because they enable cells of living systems to move molecules in
The purpose of this lab is to test how molecular size and diffusion relate and to test the permeability of dialysis tubing using sucrose, glucose, starch and iodine.
Cell transport is when materials move across the cell membrane. Without cell transport things won’t be able to move around and the cell could not move material into or out of the cell which means the cell can’t get what it needs. The cell membrane is related to all of these types of cell transport because it transports the molecules either through the active transport or passive transport. Cells need to maintain stable internal conditions because it is the one that needs to get rid of carbon dioxide and other things. If it’s not stable our human body wont function