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Recommended: Rational choice theory
The best suitable theoretical perspective that best suits the topic around policing and the general culture in India would correspond with the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory corresponds with the strong quantitative modeling approach derived from econometric modeling (Akers, 1990). The meaning behind econometric modeling is known as one of the tools that economists use to forecast future developments in the economy. It would correspond with consumer spending, employment, household income etc. (Hymans, 2008). Akers further explained that deterrence corresponds the utilitarian philosophy of crime. A good way to prevent crime is to show fear of legal punishment (Akers, 1990). Deterrence theory would go alongside with how citizens will know the repercussions of a particular illegal activity for example. With that, there is a higher chance that particular crime would not happen. It relies on ones decision to act upon what is right and wrong. An individual that is known as an “adult” should be able to distinguish what is wrong and right, in which means they are liable for their own mistakes. This is relatable to the topic in-hand because it focuses on the economic side, in which money is a key aspect of all of this corruption. The rich will become richer, while the poor will still be poor. With having a corrupt government it would ensure the similarities to other government agencies such as the IPS (Indian Police Service). A good example of a theory that is the exact opposite of the theory explaining India, would be utilitarianism. Utilitarianism emphasizes the benefits for the greater good which is the total opposite when compared to the rational choice theory because rational choice emphasizes on an individual itsel...
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...onship between given ends and scarce means which have alternative uses (Thomas Gale, 2008). The support from the government is very crucial and beneficial for the general public because there are some parts in India which are in dire need of support. Regardless society needs a backbone of a support due to the abundant number of people. It will be hard and complex to control the amount of deviance (India has the second biggest population in the world) due to the number of people living in India itself. From the abundant number of people it will hard and complex to control deviance but that is what the government is there for, to assist and aid their fellow citizens. But referring back to the definition of utility function it explains how the general public will be happier because of particular goods and service in which will benefit every particular individual needs.
Different researches and enquiry commissions have come up with different reasons as to why corruption prevails in the police force. We will look at some of the most probable causes which apply to WA Police.
The main topic that we get from this idea is popular punitivism. Popular punitivism is a process that is used all over the world to try and control crime. It is a concept that balances coercion and consent that uses movements that are with the popular opinion “to engage in vote buying and power maintenance” (Makin). The idea of this is that officials focus crimes that the public is seeing more often than usually. Looking at Cohen’s deviancy amplification process can help explain this better. The process shows that when the media begins to talk more about a certain crime then the public thinks that that particular crime rate is rising and the clear up rate is falling. After this the fear of crime increasing and there begins to be a mass panic. The officials see this panic and focus their attention on the punishment of that crime. New legislations are created that impose more severe punishments so that the officials can show the community that they see what is going on and they are trying to fix it. Citizens believe that if the officials are tough on the crime than the problem will go away. However, we know that the problem does not just go away and now that we have harsher penalties there are more people being thrown into
A simple greedy thought can hurt many people. “The illusion of simplicity crumbles when one considers the many contexts in which this “effects” scenario can arise.(Erbsen, 2015 pg.389 )” They can not only hurt themselves and the state but it can also hurt the reputation of the police as well. “Honest officers are silenced by their fear of ``ratting ' ' on another cop no matter how grave the crime. Supervisors often fear the impact of a corruption scandal on their careers more than corruption itself. No institution wants its reputation tainted. But police departments have uniquely powerful incentives to avoid uncovering corruption (Armao et al, 1994).” The people need the police more than they think and if they think that they are run by corrupt officials then they will lose all faith in their police force and the police force will end up hurting their city thus end up hurting their state. “Corruption and misconduct undermine police efforts in tackling crime and protecting communities; they limit the effectiveness of police actions and have a detrimental effect on public confidence in the police (Wright, 2010 pg.339) If the police can be honest with the people and with themselves then the corruption could be dealt with even if it means the police’s reputation is tarnished. “Every police force faces the challenge of
Abuse of power and discrimination are bound to happen when people are given the position of authority over others. This happens in businesses, households, and in the police force. The corruption and abuse of policing is a serious problem facing many people living in the world today. But in countries that are less developed there is an abundance of power abuse and corruption especially over the poor and marginalized who fall within the lowest quintile of income (Agbiboa). Seeing that this happens in other countries looks horrible but that is because the corruption is easier to see in the underdeveloped countries, but the fact that it happens in other places means that
The term ‘police corruption’ has been used to descrive many activities that cops sometimes take place in. Such as; bribery; violence, fabrication and destruction of evidance, racism and favortism. Money is a big motivator for corruption as well as narcotics.
Corruption in policing is viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill his/her personal needs or wants. There are two distinct elements of corruption; 1) misuse of authority, 2) personal attainment. The occupational subculture of policing is a major factor in both creating police corruption, by initiating officers into corrupt activities, and sustaining it, by covering up corrupt activities by other officers. Police corruption is a complex phenomenon, which does not readily submit to simple analysis. It is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers. Since its beginnings, many aspects of policing have changed; however, one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. Police corruption has increased dramatically with the illegal cocaine trade, and the officer acting alone or in-groups to steal money from dealer and/or distribute cocaine themselves. Large groups of corrupt police officers have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, Dc, and Los Angeles. Corruption within police departments falls into two basic categories; internal corruption, involving relationships among the police within the works of the police department (ex: promotions or favored assignments, usually purchased with bribes) and external corruption, which involves police contact with the public. There are many different forms of corruption; gratuity, involving free meals, free dry cleaning and discounts; bribery, involving the exchange of money or something of value between the police and wrong doer (this is very common among narcotics officers); theft and Burglary, involving office...
While researching for an article to use that correlated with the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior, I discovered an interesting article on substance abuse treatment and providers.
A decrease in public control has to happen in order to increase social organization within the community. According to Groves (1989), poorer communities have higher petty crime rates due to higher police concentration (p. 776). Groves (1989) also states that the community type changes the actions taken by police (p. 776). In poorer communities, police are more likely to make an arrest, no matter the type of crime committed (Groves, 1989, p. 776). It is easy to conclude that this change in policing causes distrust of the police across the community. The distrust then leads to more social
Problems like police corruption have no easy answer. However, there are steps to target the root of the problem. We must start by holding officers accountable for their actions. If an officer uses too much force, he should be put on probation. The people must show the police that misconduct will not be tolerated. The attitudes must change within the departments. When the departments no longer ignore the complaints of excessive force, then the police's attitudes will begin to change. Screening of officers needs to be done more often. More psychologists and criminologists are needed to spot those officers who are in trouble or on the brink of mental illness. A good start would be to teach the superior officers to recognize warning signs like lateness or angry mode swings.
In this case study, Laura and Danny have had significant changes in their lives. Laura has now left with the children and planning on moving with them to El Paso, Texas in a month. She has also filed for divorce from Danny. While Laura is making positive improvements to her life she is still concerned for Danny. She goes to collect what’s left of her belongings when she finds Danny in a state of panic. Danny has let himself go at this point. He started consuming alcohol, has not found a job, and is living with no electricity. Kid decides to pay Danny and Laura a visit and he quickly realizes Danny is in trouble. Danny begs for Kid’s assistance in order to help him start a new life. Danny is worried that he will end up alone and homeless
Although corruption has a basic generic definition, it is altered to fit the circumstance to which it is applied. Political corruption could be totally different than police corruption and for that, there must be a universal legal definition of police corruption. According to the Legal Dictionary, “Police corruption is the abuse of police authority for personal gain. Corruption may involve profit or another type of material benefit gained illegally as a consequence of the officer's authority. Typical forms of corruption include bribery, extortion, receiving or fencing stolen goods, and selling drugs. The term also refers to patterns of misconduct within a given police department or special unit, particularly where offenses are repeated with the acquiescence of superiors or through other ongoing failure to correct them,” (Law Library). The different forms of corruption can vary from moderate to severe depending on the nature of the corrupt officer to the person they are exploiting. A more moderate form of bribery would be a police officer accepting money in...
Police misconduct for personal gains for money, for promotion, and for any material exchange undeniably has become one of the most common stories that features police corruption. The unethical conducts that include the powers and influences of fraud and bribery opened good business to some police officers at the cost of eroding public trust and massive financial and economic losses. Police corruption could be hardly eradicated but the police agencies have been trying to resolve the issue and win back the eroding public trust. The issue cannot just be blamed on natural personal inclination of becoming bad cop but the police agency system also has big rules to share. Indeed police corruption is a costly malady that plagued the police in America.
I chose to research on the topic of why police officers engage in corruption, because it’s a problem that’s very sensitive to me. I grew up in Lagos, Nigeria and whenever I thought of a police officer, I couldn’t help but think of corruption. I always felt police officers were only corrupt in Nigeria but once I started studying the criminal justice system in the United States, I realized it’s actually a global problem; some are just more exposed than others. According to Sayed and Bruce (1998), “Police corruption is any illegal conduct or misconduct involving the use of occupational power for personal, group or organizational gain.” They also referenced the South Africa’s law in trying to define corruption. The law states that whosoever offers
Social Choice Theory is the study of collective decision making processes, most commonly used to analyze voting systems. It has its roots in the 18th century with the mathematical contributions to social sciences of Nicolas de Condorcet and Jean-Charles de Borda. Through the work of a few notable scholars (Sen, 1984; Arrow, 1951; Rawls, 1999), the theory became known as a tool to understand individual utility and one’s ability to function within the same capability set as any other member of society.
Without delving into deep sociological theories of the nature of society, we can consider human societies as any community of individuals who are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse and are those who recognize each other as associates, friends and acquaintances. Individuals who play certain roles and the relationships between each role form the society itself. The complexity of society makes it difficult for us to identify our relationships. Generally, societies form different norms and cultures and these norms and cultures will change. Despite the changes in ones society and culture, members of any society like happiness in their own ways. In complex societies, it is valid to question about our contributions to happiness of its members. While material contributions to societies meet the physical needs, mental problems and needs are more difficult to satisfy. This is the point where society and culture become intertwined.