Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is a process of determining and presenting the relationship of items and groups of items in the financial statements so as to provide information to the financial statements in a concise form. In the words of Myres, “ Ratio analysis is largely a study of relationship among the various financial factors in a business as disclosed by a single set of statements and a study of the trend of these factors as shown in a series of statements.” Advantages of ratio analysis It facilitates the comprehension of financial statements and evaluation of several aspects such as financial health, profitability and operational efficiency of the undertaking. It provides the inter-firm comparison to measure efficiency and helps the management to take remedial measures. It is also helpful in forewarning corporate sickness and helps the management to take corrective action. Trend analysis with the use of ratios helps in planning and forecasting. It helps in investment decisions in the case of investors and lending decisions in the case of bankers and financial institutions. Disadvantages of ratio analysis Ratios are an attempt to make an analysis of the past financial statements; so they are historical documents. Now days keeping in view the complexities of the business, it is important to have an idea of the probable happenings in future. Changes in price levels make comparison for various years difficult. For example, the ratio of sales to total assets in 1999 would be much higher than in 1980 due to rising prices. Types of Ratio 1.ROCE 2.Gross Profit 3.Operating Ratio 4.Price Earning 5.Dividend Ratio 6.Fixed Asset Ratio 7.Stock Turnover Ratio 8.Creditor Turnover 9.Debtor Turnover 10.Liquidity Ratio 11.Quick Ratio ... ... middle of paper ... ...olders equity+ long-term debts Example: Ordinary share capital for the year = $ 500000 8% preference share capital for the year =200000 Profit for the year = 300000 Long term debts for the year =400000 Debt/equity ratio= 400000 *100=28.75% 1000000+400000 Explanation: This is the most important ratio and is usually used by the log term financiers. It represents the composition of long-term investment in capital assets by the outsiders and the owners. As per prudential regulations 60:40 is the required debt/equity ratio. This proportion reveals that in the total capital expenditure the financiers & 40% by the owners have contributed 60%. This proportion gives a reasonable security to the lenders. References Advance Accounts Volume 1 by M.C.Chukla Frank wood’s Business Accounting 7th Edition Financial Accounting by PBP
The analytical formats used in response to question number 3 are threefold; 1) trend analysis, 2) common size analysis and 3) percentage change analysis. The rationale for this three-fold approach is that all other ratio analysis is derived from these three. The utilization of trend analysis aids in giving clues as to the financial status of the company is likely to improve or deteriorate. Likewise, the common size analysis relates to the fact that all income statement items are divided by
This section will discuss ratio analysis for the following ratios: current ratio, quick (acid-test) ratio, average collection period, debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio, interest coverage ratio, net profit margin, and price to earnings ratio. Depending on the end user which ratio carries more importance, however, all must be familiar with ratio analysis. Details on each company's performance for each of these areas can be found in the attached ratio analysis worksheet.
Financial ratios are "just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare firms' performance" (Brealey & Myer & Marcus, 2003, p. 450). Financial ratios are very useful tools in order to determine the health of a company, help managers to make decision, and help to compare companies that belong to the same industry in order to know about their performance.
The first method we will review is the accounting method. Through this accounting approach we will analyze specific ratios and their possible impact on the company's performance. The specific ratios we will review include the return on total assets, return on equity, gross profit margin, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, debt to assets, debt to equity, accounts receivable turnover, total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, and average collection period. I will explain each ratio in greater detail, and why I have included it in this analysis, when I give the results of each specific ratio calculation.
A crucial facet of the examination of strengths and weaknesses of a business is a financial analysis. Financial analysis is comprised of ratio analyses, trend analyses, and comparisons with other companies. Financial ratios can be categorized consistent with the data they deliver. Financial ratios are valuable gauges of a business's operation and fiscal condition. Most ratios can be computed from information delivered by the financial statements. The following categories of ratios are commonly used: Liquidity ratios, Financial Leverage ratios, Turnover ratios, Profitability ratios, and Market Value ratios. A full financial profile of Panera Bread and their key competitors can be found in Table 3.
Ratio Analysis is a very powerful analytical tool used for measuring performance of an organisation to show the financial healthiness of such organisation. Accounting ratio may just be used as a symptom by analysts just like blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate etc. The physician analyses this information to know the causes of the illness. Similarly, the financial analysis should also analyse the accounting ratios to diagnose the financial health of an enterprise. Generally, we can break down Ratio Analysis into four steps:
Vital to any ratio analysis are the steps of gathering financial data and selecting and calculating relevant ratios. This assignment provides you with an opportunity to do just that.
Any successful business owner or investor is constantly evaluating the performance of the companies they are involved with, comparing historical figures with its industry competitors, and even with successful businesses from other industries. To complete a thorough examination of any company's effectiveness, however, more needs to be looked at than the easily attainable numbers like sales, profits, and total assets. Luckily, there are many well-tested ratios out there that make the task a bit less daunting. Financial ratio analysis helps identify and quantify a company's strengths and weaknesses, evaluate its financial position, and shows potential risks. As with any other form of analysis, financial ratios aren't definitive and their results shouldn't be viewed as the only possibilities. However, when used in conjuncture with various other business evaluation processes, financial ratios are invaluable. By examining Ford Motor Company's financial ratios, along with a few other company factors, this report will give a clear picture of how the company is doing now and should do in the future.
Ratio analysis helps in the evaluation of the liquidity, working productivity, benefit and solvency of a
The ratios can, therefore, be used as an appropriate budgetary control and group co-ordination. In most cases, the financial ratios are used to analyze financial trends while comparing one group’s performances to the other regarding financial. Financial ratio analysis is used to conduct financial forecasting for future financial situations like bankruptcy. The financial ratios that were used to evaluate the suitability for an investment in Apple Inc. Include earning per share, current ratio, quick ratio and price earnings ratio (Morgan & Stocken,
investors and lenders. There are various financial terms which help in providing financial information of an organization. By looking at the raw data merely it is difficult to make any judgement from the income statement and balance sheet. “Ratio analysis is a form of financial statement analysis that is used to get a quick sign of a firm’s financial performance in several key areas. Ratio analysis is a cornerstone of fundamental analysis. Ratio analysis provides information about company’s financial information, whether it is in loss or profit.
I have leant that ratio analysis offers better insight of a company’s financial position on the short-term and long-term basis. However, I would recommend that investor advice should be based on ratio analysis that considers ratios from several years. This will ensure that the investor is making an informed decision based on the company’s financial ratio performance trend.
Ratios traditionally measure the most important factors such as liquidity, solvency and profitability, as well as other measures of solvency. Different studies have found various ratios to be the most efficient indicators of solvency. Studies of ratio analysis began in the 1930’s, with several studies of the concluding that firms with the potential to file bankruptcy all exhibited different ratios than those companies that were financially sound.
Organizations use financial statements and ratio analysis assess financial performance viability. The ratio analysis are used to identify trends and to perform organizational comparison (financial) with other companies within same industry. Ratio analysis, using data reported on the financial statements, are divided into five major categories: common size, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, and profitability. This paper will assess the financial stability of John Hopkins Hospital (JHH) using the five ratio analysis.
These ratios measure the aspects of profitability like rate of profit on sales, whether the profits are increasing or decreasing.