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Causes of sexism in workplaces
Patriarchy in society
Perception towards gender
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Question 2
To me homophobia is an act of having hatred or no acceptance of a person thats not straight. So the people who fall under this category would be lesbian, gay, transgender, intersex and bisexual people. Heterosexism is a bias or discrimination against homosexuals. People that believe in this are the ones that believe heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation. These are simply assumptions pushing them to believe in heterosexism. Sexism to me is a social disease. Sexism is driven off of discrimination based on sex. Homophobia is when you’re afraid of people who are known to be gay. An example of this would be, if you tell your children to steer clear of strangers and the stranger ends up being a homosexual they will label
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For example gay rights are now allowed in the 50 states and you were one of the people opposed to this because you don’t believe that two people of the same sex can be together. You only see two humans together if only one is a man and the other is a woman. Sexism is a term that came from woman talking about men who didn 't see them as equals. For example a man expressing himself and believing that they are superior to women. Usually men that believed in this believed in a patriarchal society meaning a society controlled by men. All these concepts are overlap each other because each one of these is a bias against another person, another human being. All three terms are against something. If you believe in heterosexism nine times out of ten you also are a homophobic person. This can be for male or female. But if you’re a male sexism can definitely be one of your plate as well because if you hate gays and lesbians you most likely hate women too. You could hate the facts of a woman being in power or a gay person being in power. A lot of men would fall to their knees if a woman was president or even worse a gay person. Then they would probably off themselves. The worse part of all this is raising a kid to only see that being straight is the only way to live then them growing up to hate anybody …show more content…
They begin as nerds who can’t lift weights or get the girls they want, but after working out and getting some coaching, they take revenge on the black “gangsters” that are keeping them from getting what they want which was girls and populairty. Pascoe talks on the experience, saying how this superiority of masculinity defines many of these students. Sexuality, masculinity, and race play a huge part in many of these students’ lives. She said my findings illustrate that masculinity is not a homogenous category that any boy possesses by virtue of being male. Rather, masculinity – as constituted and understood in the social world is a configuration of practices and discourses that different youths (boys and girls) may embody in different ways and to different degrees. Masculinity, in this sense, is associated with, but not reduced or solely equivalent to, the male body. The boys achieved masculinity by “Repeated repudiation of the specter of failed masculinity” which in other words meant throwing homophobic slurs at each other and heterosexist discussions of girls, their bodies, and sexual experiences. R.W. Connell talks about the multiple masculinities and says that there is not a single masculine role but there is different roles or categories for masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity which supports gender inequality in general which is the top of the hierarchy.
All over the world Masculinity has many different cultural definitions. Depending where someone is from, and what they were brought up to believe, defines what the term “masculinity” entails. Different Social institutions all over the United States, such as the military, sports, clubs, and fraternities, have been constructing their interpretation of masculinity. One major social institution that is active in thousands of Universities across the United States is campus fraternities. Campus fraternities create their own sense of masculinity by generating certain requirements and characteristics a man must hold in order to represent them as a part of their fraternity.
In the reading, Playing in the Gender Transgression Zone, McGuffey & Rich argue that the ways youth build their “hierarchy” in school, camps, etc. can explain the way ‘gendering’ in society’ happens and why. It discusses how boys are seen as the high status members of society. This is a result of the ideology of hegemonic masculinity. This says that there is a predominant way of doing gender relations that elevates the status and privileges of masculinity over femininity. This establishes a socially constructed level of male social power and explains why male dominance continues on past the middle school ages. Men still have high status in higher level of social organization, especially political/ governmental institutions.
From the article Homophobia As A Weapon of Sexism written by Suzanne Pharr, she brings up the true weapon of sexism, which is economics, violence, and homophobia. An example of sexism that Pharr really points out is economics in our society and how it affects women and men. As she states that the economics is known to be the root cause of sexism, and that it really causes a lot of oppression. As heterosexism is said to “create the climate for homophobia with its assumption that the world is and must be heterosexual and its display of power and privilege as the norm.” An example of heterosexism would be people that are against women’s liberation, like women’s equality, women’s self-determination, and women’s control of our own bodies and
Media always encourages this type of male cluelessness by always giving the male lead the opportunity to do as he pleases so that his role as male can never feel threatened. In Michael Kimmel’s essay “Masculinity as Homophobia”, he takes a deeper look into the sensitivity and responsibility that comes with holding the title of masculinity and how society teaches boys that their highest form of achievement comes from what’s between their legs. Boys are told to not cry when they get hurt and are given the green light to pull a girl’s braids or push another person around. Manhood is seen as an eternal and essential that resides deep in the heart of every man (58).
In the article “Masculinity as Homophobia”, Michael S. Kimmel is claiming that homophobia is a direct result of hyper masculinity. Hyper masculinity is the emphasis on stereotypical gender roles that are placed on men; e.g., being tough and strong. These ideas are about how a man should act in society and how a man should act with another man in society. With this idea of male stereotypical gender roles it has placed an idea of what men are supposed to be like and when men are encountered who don’t fit the definition, they can be called homosexual. Kimmel states in the article: “the great secret of American manhood: we are afraid of other men.” Men are always in a competition with each other either at sports or with who has the better job,
Dude You’re A Fag: Masulinity and Sexuality in High School written by C.J. Pascoe takes readers into a high school in California to analyze fag discourse in this setting. Pascoe interviews and observations look into different social settings within the high school where masculinity effects many of the day to day activities and conversations of the students. This book takes into account social settings like proms, drama clubs, and social circles where depending on the social setting different gender roles were put in place. Many of the students referred to Pascoe’s research as a book on the boys in the high school, but this book also explores how masculinity and gender roles effect girls at the school as well.
As both genders should be given equal attention, the influence of traditional male stereotypes on boys within the modern roles needs further analysis. Trough empirical examples and personal dialogues from both teachers and parents, Sadker further compels the readers to believe that a crisis is occurring among young boys with regards to their miseducation (1995, p. 197). However, the author’s extensive use of inexperienced teachers dialogues may weaken her arguments. As readers it is important to remember the time and context in which the article was written, in order to further understand the complexities of the author’s argument. The author often states that when asking teachers to remember their most outstanding students, boy’s names dominated their lists (Sadker, 1995). Many could argue that within the 20 year gap between the article and the current day, girls have increasingly risen up in the academic field which can in fact, date the author’s argument. Interestingly, the author puts very little emphasis on the portrayal of masculinity within the media whether it be books, television or the movies (Sadker, 1995). In the ever changing and media driven society, it would have been proven beneficial to include further analysis of the portrayals of masculinity to further highlight how socializing agents are
Masculinity is a subject that has been debated in our society for quite some time. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, as it is difficult to define this one –sided term. Pairing this already controversial term with “feminist studies” can bring about some thought - provoking conversation. Feminist studies of men have been around for many years with regards to the feminist movement. It seeks to create gradual improvements to society through its main principle of modifying the ways in which everyone views what it means to be a man. Feminist studies of men bring forth the discussion of hegemonic masculinity; how this contributes to the gender hierarchy, the radicalized glass escalator and ultimately the faults of this theory.
Close Reading for Argument: Homophobia as a prevailing force The question of identity is at once fundamentally urgent and conventionally trivialized in the human experience. Little thought is often appropriated towards considering all the intrinsic complexities and deviations that comprise the individual self. Rather, society has gravitated towards a culture of identity consumerism, in which we are increasingly comfortable with adopting pre-conceived labels, often desperate to conform to arbitrary designations. There is a certain security in knowing that we are a preps, jocks, or greasers – we willingly accept labels in order to circumvent the need to acknowledge or understand our own egocentricities.
The article “How Homophobia Hurts Everyone” by Warren J. Blumenfeld describes the effects that homophobia has on all people, not just the person who is homosexual. The article tells the story of two siblings and one thing that stood out to me was “throughout our school years, she was constantly teased for having a ‘faggot’ brother”. In addition to this, she was questioned about her own sexuality and peer pressure, that resulted with her being less close to her brother for her own protection. It is not fair that the author was bullied for being the person that he is, and it is definitely not right that his sister was bullied for who her brother is.
The last term is heterosexism which is “the systematic oppression and exploitation of bisexuals, lesbians, gay men, and transgender individuals” (Andrzejewski, 1996, p.54). It is also known as “it is the oppression of any person (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or heterosexual) who does not conform to the stereotypical roles of femininity and masculinity. It refers to pervasive policies and practices which reinforce heterosexuality as the only option for intimate loving relationships, domestic partnerships or families” (Andrzejewski, 1996, p.54). The way that I look at this term is that it is not giving every individual the respect that they deserve to be with whoever they want to be with. I personally did not know that this was taking place until around my junior year in high school because we would
Gender discussions typically revolve around women, females, and femininity. Studies look at the treatment of women, the inequality they experience, and various ways women can combat these issues. Proposed solutions include leaning in at the boardroom table, being role models for young women, and stop consuming unapproved media. However, each of these does not address the original basic cause. The original cause and thus the most significant problem today is the stereotype forced upon men and boys to conform to society’s idea of masculinity. The societal creation of masculinity creates an unattainable standard in which all men and boys are forced to fit into; Tony Porter calls this the “man box”. Society’s concept of masculinity includes being tough, aggressive, independent, successful, emotionless, and
Homosexual people are people who are attracted to other people of the same sex. This gender stratification creates rigid stereotypes that can lead to sociological and psychological problems for individuals. A stereotype that we often come across in our childhood is associating homophobia in the female group with being masculine and in males it is seen as being feminine. Heterosexism is the discrimination or being prejudice against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation. Some consequences of anyone that do not conform to the norm have dramatic issues. For men, it can create guilt, anxiety, and early death. However, in women it is quite the opposite, as society sees them as a superwoman image and is often portrayed as a beauty
When one hears the words “LGBT” and “Homosexuality” it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problem lies within society itself, and often enough that may be the case. Society holds preconceptions and prejudice of the LGBT community, though not always due to actual hatred of the LGBT community, but rather through lack of knowledge and poor media portrayal.
This consists of gender polarization, androcentrism, and biological essentialism which has no explanation for homosexual or Transgendered people. This shows that our culture has influenced and constructed the way we view gender by what we’ve been taught by our peers. For example, we condition our children to behave in a way that is appropriate for their sex by criticizing them in ways that shape their behavior. An example of this is telling a boy that he is a girl for crying or showing weakness. These concepts of social construction are significant to me because I grew up with a social influence that being part of the LGBTQ community was something to be ashamed of and I feel that if more people would get educated on gender they would have more respect for others and there would be less violence, hate crimes, and overall less negativity. I always felt that my peers were wrong for judging others for owning their sexuality and if I conformed to their homophobic beliefs I would be another person making the world a harder place to live in for those who choose to be