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Legislation guidelines policies procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children
Essays about federal adoption and safe families act
The correlation between child abuse and crime, is child abuse linked to poverty
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In 1997, the Adoption and Safe Families Act was passed to specifically address the health and welfare of foster children. It established strict time lines for children to be returned to their parents, or terminate parental rights so children could be adopted. In cases of sexual and chronic physical abuse, the ASFA authorized states to dispense with efforts to reunify the family and move directly to termination of parental rights (Myers, 2006, p. 102). In summary, the many advances in the child welfare protections suggest an evolving recognition of the special protections that children need and require. “From the colonial period well into the 19th century, childhood was not considered a special phase of human development. For the most part, children were considered to be more or less alike, essentially miniature adults who were inherently aggressive and sinful, and hence prone to all sorts of vices, including idleness. Therefore they required close supervision and stern treatment so that they would grow up to lead industrious, upright, godly lives” (Trattner, 1999, p. 110). Indeed, it was not until the theories of John Locke, Henry Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson emerged, that these views changed, based on the notion of people being inherently pure and good (at least at birth). The ideas of Charles Darwin introduced the notions of nature and nurture, and the work of Sigmund Freud further detailed the different psychology of children (Trattner, 2006, pp. 110-112). The steady if somewhat slow progress of the child welfare movement has greatly benefitted our society, but despite the progress from the antiquated views captioned above, there is wide agreement that the protection of children will always be a work in progress, which ... ... middle of paper ... ...tistics suggest a problem of epidemic proportions - a child abuse report is made every 10 seconds, five children die each day from abuse with 80% of them being under the age of four, and 76% of child fatalities are caused by abuse from a parent or guardian (USDHHS, 2009). Also, as one might expect, poverty, illness, substance abuse, and other stressors within the house generally increase the likelihood of abuse (Goldman et al., 2003). Further, the lack of social involvement may lead to the absence of a support system that deprives the parent of valuable coping mechanisms to handle stress. Other factors include the types of family that may increase the vulnerability to abuse – including the single parent home, or families that are experiencing spousal abuse, both of which reflect higher rates of child abuse than families without these problems (Goldman et al., 2003).
A foster parent, as defined by the Health reference series second edition, is an individual who is licensed to provide a home for an orphaned, abused, neglected, delinquent or disabled child (Matthews, 2004). A permanent placement is one that is intended, but not guaranteed, to last forever (Barth & Berry 1988). Foster care is not for delinquents but somewhere for children go when their parents can no longer care for them. A form of foster care has always been around in early Christian churches where “worthy widows” would board children in need and were paid by church collections. Foster care started in 1562 during the time of the English poor laws, which stated the poor children were allowed to be placed in legal services until they reached of aged (nfpaonline.org). In the 1970’s, foster care increased in popularity but foster parents were seen as unfit to adopt children permanently (Barth and Berry, 1988). In 1980 the Adoption Assistance of Child Welfare Act (public law 96-272) made it clear that the most desirable permanent placement for children is with their own family. The law...
Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment, New York, NY: Walter De Gruyter Inc.
Today child neglect is the largest part of child abuse in the United States, and almost two-thirds of all reported cases in child protective services is neglect (Dubowitz). Before the 1970’s child abuse mostly referred to physical abuse; however, now it encompasses physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as well as neglect (Compton’s). Physical abuse is when a child is hurt by getting hit, punched, kicked, or any other form of beating by an adult (Compton’s). This abuse will only harm the child physically and though it is horrific and can lead to long term effects it will normally only lead to violence. Emotional abuse is when an adult is hateful to the child by calling him names, and another form of emotional abuse is when an adult is punishing a child in a way that will cause him mental trauma (Compton’s). Emotional abuse is terrible for the child’s self-esteem however they can go and learn that they are important to the world by their contributions. Sexual abuse is when a child is touched inappropriately or molested (Compton’s). This is detrimental to a child but in most cases the child will block this out for when they grow older it is like it never happened which will cause no harm to their mental state. Neglect is when an adult will not seek medical help for their child and will not provide them with food, shelter, clothing, or emotional support (Sullivan). This is where the real trauma takes place on a child. The child will not suffer from being hit but they suffer from starving until someone is kind enough to feed them or they die from malnutrition. The child will not suffer from a parent calling them names but they might never know if their parent knows their name or cares to even speak to th...
In conclusion, the authors have come to the same assumptions that many other researchers have also come to. That assumption is that children who are raised in a perpetual household or parents who are just cohabiting are not as high danger statistics as those who were raised in an unstable environment. Do not be fooled, there are many other reasons to be apprehensive a child’s wellbeing in families that are not as stable as most homes. This is one reason why we have departments such as child protective agencies that are looking out for the best interest of the child. Just because someone has a child does not mean that they will automatically become great parents. We all see the tragic stories of abused children everyday where the system has failed that child and/ or family as a
When dealing with families who are entering the child welfare system, social workers need to examine the entire family, their history that contributes to the current problem, and the societal context of their homes (Popple & Vecchiolla, 2007). There are many proposals for why child maltreatment and Belsky outlines three explanations and a fourth theory for why parents maltreat their children.
Through all of the hurdles, the government still tries to provide some assistance and keep this issue in the forefront so others can pitch in to help. The protection and care of kids should initially come from the parents, however as other demons are battled it prevents children from experiencing the love, care, and concern of a family. Until funding, assistance for parents, assistance for kids who have aged out, and foster care programs can be corrected, the government will be aiding in detrimental child outcomes. Family may represent the love and security in a child’s life, but it can also be a prison in which physically, emotionally, and sexually kids may feel punished (Causes and Effects). The government protection can only go as far as the law allows.
Domestic violence is defined as the aim of one partner in an intimate relationship to exert control over the other partner in a violent behavior. Children may be exposed to or experience domestic violence in several ways. Many children are affected by threats between the parents/caregivers, observing a parent who is out of control and full of anger, seeing a parent/caregiver assault the other, or living with the aftermath of a violent assault. Children who live in a household with domestic violence have a high risk of becoming direct victims of child abuse. “Domestic violence poses a serious threat to children’s emotional, psychological, and physical well-being.” (2007)
The biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is supposed to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children whose homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, who is affected by domestic violence is addressed. Second, the impact of domestic violence on children is established. Third, the social harm of domestic violence is depicted. This paper argues that domestic violence has tremendous affects on children.
Each year this number increases and the federal government speculates that because of inaccuracies in reporting from hospitals and coroners, the real number is likely twice that amount.” Child social work (2015). Child abuse is a viral problem. Survivors of child abuse are more likely to abuse their children, and these children are likely to abuse their future children. The incidence of child abuse triples in low-socioeconomic homes, leading child social workers to feel it is associated with the stress of poverty. Prevention is currently the best solution for child abuse, but an abusive situation is often difficult to spot. Certainly physical abuse is easily recognized by physical markings or damage, such as bruises or burns. Sexual and emotional abuse are more difficult to identify because the child is often too afraid or too young to speak about
...standing, adult women who display violence over their children are in the position to abuse their power of parenting over their children, so they have responsibilities for using violence over children (Damant et al., 2011). The fact that they are victimized themselves does not approve their actions against their children. As psychologically developed and responsible beings, both parents take responsibility for interactions within the family. Understanding the complexity of family structure and dynamic interpersonal relationships is the key to proposing and conducting simultaneous interventions from several dimensions for preventing child abuse, but isolation of single factors is not possible. Without a broad understanding of how all factors interact and contribute to an abusive environment, narrow focus will only solve an insignificant amount of the entire problem.
Victims also have histories of resistant attachment, an overly controlling parent in child rearing and maternal overprotected parenting behaviors prompt anxiety, low self esteem and dependency resulting in a fearful demeanor that marks these children as vulnerable (Snyder, 2003).
Mothers are often forced to choose between being in an abusive relationship or being homeless. Majority of the time, when a woman decides to leave an abusive relationship, they are often left with nowhere to go. Majority of the time some women are often forced out on the streets due to violence. Being in a violent relationship leave mothers to feel like they are neglected, unappreciated, and unwanted. Due to the violence, sometimes close friend and family are cut off because of the embarrassment to seek help. Unfortunately, children are often caught in the mix of their parents and their domestic disputes because of being pulled in different directions. Children are often forced to choose to either be homeless with no or stay in a violent
Though it happen frequently, many believed that child abusers are usually mentally disordered people. Less than one tenth of the abusers are reported to be mentally ill, in most cases the abusers are normal human beings. Their personalities tend to be a bit immature, which leads to physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. Child abuse tends to spring up from a composite blend of personal, cultural and social factors. That cause’s child abuse can be grouped as intergenerational transmission of violent behavior, social and communal stress, social isolation, and family structure. Intergenerational transmission of aggression and violent behavior often children tend to inherit as well as learn aggression and violence from their parents. Social and communal stress the risk of child abuse within a family increases due to social stress, which may result from a variety of factors. Social isolation the abusers, parents or caretakers, in most cases are found to be socially isolated. These aggressors mostly tend to be the victims of seclusion having little contact with the outside world. Family Structure some families are more prone to the danger of child abuse and neglect, compared to others. For instance, a single- parent family faces more problems, economically as well as socially, resulting in greater stress, and thereby gets exposed to the increased risk of child abuse (Daly,
In addition, single parents are at risk to abuse children along with substance abuse (Gosselin, 2014). Also, poor parent-child relationships and disabilities increase a caregiver’s risk to abuse (Gosselin, 2014). Abusers usually will manipulate the child into keeping child abuse a secret from others (Gosselin, 2014). There are many reasons to why the child will feel helpless to tell on the abuser including embarrassment, no one will believe them, and threats were made towards the child if they did open (Gosselin, 2014). Children under the age of one are at the highest risk of abuse (Gosselin, 2014). A study showed that 74% of child abuse was figured out by symptoms such as sexually acting out, anxiety, depression, poor self-esteem, and self-harming behaviors leading to suicide (Ho, Gross, & Bettencourt, 2017). This shows that emotional abuse is a higher risk than physical damage done to the
“Child abuse results from a complex combination on personal, social, and cultural factors. These may be grouped into four primary categories: (1) intergenerational transmission of violence, (2) social stress, (3) social isolation and low community involvement, and (4) family structure” (“Child Abuse” Encarta). Interim transmission of violence is displayed when the abused children become abusive parents. “Some studies have shown that 30 percent of abused children become abusive themselves and others show that most of the abused do not become abusive adults” (“Child Abuse” Britannica). Social stress is a common cause of child abuse in a family. The conditions of social stress include unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a large family, death of a family member or close friend, or maybe even the presence of a new baby or a disabled person in the home.