Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
psychological effects of rape
Only six psychological effects of rape
psychological effects of rape
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: psychological effects of rape
Introduction
Any disparity in power makes physical and sexual maltreatment more probable. This is mainly true in the extensive prevalence of rape during the time of the Second World War.
Sexual maltreatment, in the form of rape, inflicted on the Filipino comfort women during the war are considered as an offense of crime against humanity. However, it remained unreported and unrecognized years after the war.
Rape is identified as criminal sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim. Even so, given all the consequences of rape for victims, this definition is rather limited . Investigations into psychological consequences of rape in the Filipino comfort women were found that it produced psychological difficulties, such as depression, social phobia, sexual dysfunctions, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The impact of rape has gone far beyond the immediate effects of the physical attack and has long-lasting consequences.
Demographic Characteristics
Some of the women were as young as ten years of age. These women were often either tricked by offers of legitimate employment or abducted from their homes or streets by Japanese soldiers and forced into so-called comfort houses.
The names and towns differed among tales, but the accounts of perversion and torture remained chillingly consistent.
Rape characteristics
Many of the women were taken forcibly by Japanese soldiers while in their home. A few were taken while they were at home while a few were either working; or running an errand for their parents. Many of them were still single but there were other married women. A woman from Bicol was asleep when the Japanese came to their village and rounded up all men and young women and were taken in the elementary sch...
... middle of paper ...
...namann
Asia.
Jamil, A. M. (2005). The women from the lake. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Porterfield, K. A. (1996). Straight talk about post-traumatic stress disorder with the aftermath of trauma.
New York: Facts on File.
Sancho, N. (Ed.). (1998). War crimes on Asian women. Manila: Asian Women Human Rights Council.
Smith, S. T. (2001). The rescue. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.
Ussher, J. M. & Baker, C. D. (Eds.). (1993). Psychological perspectives on sexual problems: new directions
in theory and practice. New York: Routledge.
Villadolid, O. S. (2005). Surviving World War II. Pasig City: Colet-Villadolid Pub.
Ward, C. A. (1995). Attitudes toward rape: feminist and social psychological perspectives. London: Sage
Publications.
Wilson, J. P. & Keane, T. M. (Eds.). (1997). Assessing psychological PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.
Beginning in March of 1942, in the midst of World War II, over 100,000 Japanese-Americans were forcefully removed from their homes and ordered to relocate to several of what the United States has euphemistically labeled “internment camps.” In Farewell to Manzanar, Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston describes in frightening detail her family’s experience of confinement for three and a half years during the war. In efforts to cope with the mortification and dehumanization and the boredom they were facing, the Wakatsukis and other Japanese-Americans participated in a wide range of activities. The children, before a structured school system was organized, generally played sports or made trouble; some adults worked for extremely meager wages, while others refused and had hobbies, and others involved themselves in more self-destructive activities.
During World War II, after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans in the western United States were forced into internment camps because the government felt as though the Japanese were dangerous if they were not relocated. These camps were usually in poor condition and in deserted areas of the nation. The Japanese were forced to make the best of their situation and thus the adults farmed the land and tried to maximize leisure while children attempted to enjoy childhood. The picture of the internee majorettes, taken by internee and photographer Toyo Miyatake, shows sixteen girls standing on bleachers while posing in front of the majestic Sierra Nevada mountain range and desolate Manzanar background. Their faces show mixed expressions of happiness, sadness and indifference, and their attire is elegant and American in style. With the image of these smiling girls in front of the desolate background, Miyatake captures an optimistic mood in times of despair. Though this photograph is a representation of the Manzanar internment camp and, as with most representations, leaves much unsaid, the majorette outfits and smiling faces give a great deal of insight on the cooperative attitudes of Japanese Americans and their youth's desire to be Americanized in this time.
Boone, Katherine. "The Paradox of PTSD." Wilson Quarterly. 35.4 (2011): 18-22. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Tanaka, Toshiyuki. Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution during World War II and the US Occupation. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
When the war was over, the survivors went home and the world tried to return to normalcy. Unfortunately, settling down in peacetime proved more difficult than expected. During the war, the boys had fought against both the enemy and death in far away lands; the girls had bought into the patriotic fervor and aggressively entered the workforce. During the war, both the boys and the girls of this generation had broken out of society's structure; they found it very difficult to return.
Hunt, N.C. and McHale, S. (2010) Understanding Post Traumatic Stress. London: Sheldon Press, pp. 13-25.
In December 1941, the government conscripted single women aged 20-30 as auxiliaries to the Armed Forces, Civil Defense, or war industries… Government figures show that women’s employment increased during the Second World War from about 5.1 million in 1939 (26%) to just over 7.25 million in 1943 (36% of all women of working age). Forty six percent of all women aged between 14 and 59, and 90% of all able-bodied single women between the ages of 18 and 40 were engaged in some form of work or National Service by September 1943. (Anitha)
The article under review is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations by Anushka Pai, Alina M. Suris, and Carol S. North in Behavioral Sciences. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault (U.S. Department VA, 2007). PTSD can happen to anyone and many factors can increase the possibility of developing PTSD that are not under the person’s own control. Symptoms of PTSD usually will start soon after the traumatic event but may not appear for months or years later. There are four types of symptoms of PTSD but may show in different
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
Sexual assault of men in history is recognized as a means of humiliating opponents by conquering soldiers especially the Romans. It was used as a feature of sexual torture or aggression. Rape, in this case, is motivated by a wish to dominate and degrade the victim. Man on man rape is usually discussed when the incarceration is the topic due to social media and movies. Although nearly two-thirds of the male jail inmates who had been victimized, said the staff perpetrator was female nevertheless that one-third of rape is still a cause for concern as anal trauma that occurs in male rap...
Wiederhold, Brenda K.: Wiederholder, Mark D. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 1st ed. American Psychological Association., 2004. Print.
Schiraldi, G. R. (2009). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Sexual abuse as a child maltreatment became a social issue in the 1970 is through the efforts of the child protection movement and the feminist movement. Historical changes occurred, whereas the perceptions of children changed from property to individuals with rights. Sexual abuse is a traumatic event for the children and the impact felt throughout the life span. Because of the secrecy of this exploitation, the true number of victims is unknown.
Webster’s Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some point or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. This paper will evaluate rape, as well as the effects it has on women, the theory behind male dominance and patriarchy, and differences in demographics.
Sexual violence, also known as molestation, is the undesired enforcement of sexual behavior on one person by another person. Women are most known for being associated with sexual violence for a long time (Beneke, 2005). A very fast growing form of sexual violence is rape (Beneke, 2005). Rape is the act of intercourse that is forced upon a woman by means of violence. Rape is such a rapid growing form. It is said that if the current act of rape continues, around one in four women will be sexually molested in her lifetime (Beneke, 2005).