ESP is an acronym meaning "extra-sensory perception." In 1892, a French dude named Dr. Paul Joire used the term to describe the way a person under hypnosis was able to receive information about something - apparently without using any of their known senses. ESP can also refer to the phenomenon of people communicating without any apparent vehicle.
But what IS it?
There have been a great number of attempts (made by an even greater number of stupid people) to articulate what exactly is happening when people report ESP events. Here are a few of those attempts :
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Invisible brainwaves - Thought processes in one person's mind propagate outward and affect another's brain function, resulting in the transfer of information.
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Universal conscience - There is a field of consciousness that everyone is tied in to. Information can be transferred using this field.
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Pee Wee Herman - A skinny annoying white man manipulates space-time in order to exchange information between people while chanting "Connect the dots, la la la la."
Experiments to Test for the Existence of ESP
In 1882, the Society for Psychical Research was founded in London, and apparently was the first institution to specifically study events that had been called "psychic" or whatever. Many noted people from Cambridge started this society. Their wives left them shortly afterward. Today, there are many of these sorts of institutions, including numerous ones in the U.S.
Here are a few experiments that have been purported (by their practitioners) to prove the existence of psychic phenomenon:
The Rhine Experiment: First conducted at Duke University in 1930, the Rhine experiment (named after Dr. J.B. Rhine) involves a subje...
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...your checkbook to send in the $19.99 (plus shipping and handling ofcourse), ask yourself the following questions:
1. Who is this dude?
Where is he from? Who funds his lab? What are his credentials? Has he ever been arrested?
2. What does he BELIEVE?
Scientists are just people, and may not be completely objective. In the business of parapsychology, objectivity is a liability.
3. How did he prove what he is saying he proved?
Experimental controls? Double-blind? Was he high when he did the statistical analysis?
4. What do other scientists think about the experiment?
Criticisms of the study? Where results reproducable by independant laboratories?
5. Is reading this book supposed to make me rich, reverse the aging process, or increase the size of my genitals?
If the answer is "yes," clearly the claim is fraudulent.
The book, What’s So Super About the Supernatural tells of well known stories about poltergeists. A poltergeist is a noisy or high energy ghost who might perform violent activity. A young girl by the name of Tina Resch lived in Ohio and is known to be a poltergeist. “No ghost was ever seen or heard on camera; however when the camera was inadvertently left running, the tape showed Tina surreptitiously pulling over a lamp” (Gardner). The evidence was found after people were reporting the activity. Newspaper reporters went to the scene to check out the action only to find evidence of Tina throwing objects violently around the house. Another example of proof that ghosts exist goes back to a case involving a poltergeist in England. An eleven-year-old boy by the name of Matthew Manning performed several violent actions that his dad had noticed and reported. Gardner writes, “ On one occasion, Matthew’s bed was thrown about and left leaning at an angle against the wall” (Gardner). These examples are not the only reported cases regarding ghosts and paranormal activity. Many stories about the supernatural have been told and passed down for several generations. Spirits are even mentioned in well known religious books that have been passed down for hundreds of
On June 8, 2016, a child welfare agency conducted a parent/child observation with Ms. Sophia Mendez and her three children. Ashley M. Mosgrove, social work intern, did the intake and completed the biopsychosocial assessment.
Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is a highly effective yet controversial psychiatric method that involves sending electric shockwaves into the brain to cure various mental ailments. Because the populace is not typically educated by psychiatrists on techniques such as ECT, their knowledge comes from inaccurate, and mostly negative, descriptions in the media dictated by non-psychiatrists. Additionally, many patient families are skeptical of ECT because it is not common practice to allow non-medical staff in the therapy room. Furthermore, some psychiatrists perceive this treatment as callous because it is occasionally used without the consent of a patient, should they not be mentally stable. Moreover, because of strong public opposition, ECT
Paranormal activity is manifestation that lies outside of the normal experience which can’t be proven to be real. Most people have become interested in the haunted houses and stones due to the lack of support that they are getting from the community of science. The lack of support from the community will be hard to get because most people do not believe in this. According to the unknown, “paranormal activities and sightings usually fall into categories: spirituals entities, crytids, which are organisms whose existence is told by legends and myths.” Most people think that paranormal deal with just ghost and their hauntings but it is much more than that. Paranormal phenomena are not accepted by the scientists because they feel the evidence should be required. According to Psychic Readings, "ESP stands for extra sensory perception. While clairvoyance, or seeing clearly is primarily an optional phenomenon." A clairvoyant psychic is someone who shares a vision of unseen in telling about their health or future. "Clairvoyants are people who specialize in supernatural skills," states Psychics Reading. People like this have a magical ability to see into the past, present, and future. ESP is normally addresses as the sixth sense. "The term 'ESP' was used often in 1870 by Sir Richard Burton." Psychical research does not support that everyone is born with this capability. It is said there are people who have experienced at least one ESP in their lifetime. However to Schmeidler, another theory claims that ESP is a super sense which evolves in the nervous system. From David’s perspective, “hundreds of years ago to possess the gift of clairvoyance, one was considered a witch - as unknown knowledge was 'feared' (the emotion which keeps us trappe...
Some of the earliest reports of paranormal phenomenon occurred in the first century A.D. Roman author and statesman Pliny the Younger wrote about an encounter he had with a ghost in one of his famous letters. He stated that an elderly man with a beard and rattling chains had been haunting his home in the Athens. (History.com) In Germany, the first poltergeist was reported in 856 A.D. A poltergeist being a ghost that causes disturbances; making noises and moving objects about. This particular poltergeist tormented the family living in the large farmhouse by throwing stones and starting fires, among various other acts. (History.com)
between living organisms and their external environment that seem that seemed to transcend the known physical laws of nature (The Rhine, 2013). According to (Nichols, 2011) parapsychology was studied over 100 years and in that time amassed thousands of cases studies and formal experiments in order to better understand these non-ordinary realms. In the study of paranormal activity, they have been studying them in lavatories. When studying parapsychology, people try to get an understanding and hope to get their questions answered about the phenomena aspects of these subjects. Scientist who study paranormal activities are trying to discover why these events occur. Parapsychology came about in the 1930s. When in a paranormal situation it is weird and scary and sometimes unbelievable.
Paranormal activity better known as parapsychology is a non-fictional idea. Parapsychology is the scientific study of interactions between living organisms and their external environment that seem to transcend the known physical laws of nature. (Teresi, 2000) The Society of Psychical Research was established in London in 1882 (Teresi, 2000). Major parapsychological studies had not begun appearing in mainstream scientific journals until the sixties and early seventies (Teresi, 2000).“Furthermore, groups such as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) which publishes the Skeptical Inquirer and the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) have been formed to disseminate credible information on the paranormal. Credibility should be less of a problem in the future” (Teresi, 2000).
5) Donald E. Watson, MD taught and did research in nueropsychology, teaches at UC Irvine Medical School.
Science is supposed, to tell the truth, but because humans are the ones performing the experiments sometimes there are flaws. For instance, Andre Wakefield in
Extra sensory perception(ESP) has always been a interesting topic in the field of psychology In this particular study the general interest of study is focused primarily on ESP. Variables used for this study are always invalid due to many of reasons. For example, Hansel and Gardner claimed that a couple of the early card guessing experiments inclined towards procedures that allowed for cheating in ways of waiting for a cue to perform the action. Non random populations are also assigned by automated survey experiments which makes the results insignificant. Inconsistencies overwhelm psychological studies; the way in which data have been collected and analyzed is not systematically efficient what so ever. For example, both Leuba and Greenwood brought up the potential dangers of `optional stopping', wherein researchers are able to stop an experiment when the study outcome conforms to a desired result. So experimenting until you get what you want, not worrying about other population responses. The particular study is being conducted to overcome the obstacles of prior and testing by creating a totally automated experiment and by having each participant only contribute a very small number of trials. Hypothesis of the present study are that the mean score of ESP participants would be slightly raised along with believer scores, and many more outliers in the positive spectrum will occur.
Payne, N.A. and Prudic, J. (2009) Electroconvulsive Therapy Part I : A Perspective on the Evolution and Current Practice of ECT Journal of Psychiatric Practice 15(5) pp.346-368
Psychological Association (2006, p. 273) defines EBP as "the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences."
Paranormal activity is activity beyond normal explanations, other known as parapsychology. Parapsychology is the scientific study of interactions between living organisms and their eternal environment that seem to transcend the known physical laws of nature. Parapsychology also consists of telepathy, clairvoyance or remote virus, precognition, PK/spiciness, studies. There are only a select few schools around the world that offer the study of parapoicology and they are Princeton University, University of Arizona, University of Edinburgh, University of Amsterdam, and the University of Hertfordshire in England.
An ESP course entails rigorous adherence to its absolute characteristics that define it as need based pedagogy which uses specific content and specialized language to help learners acquire proficient use of language in diverse academic or workplace contexts. ESP involves various steps in designing, implementing and assessing a target course. This includes identification of the key issues that are specific to the teaching and learning context, cognizance of the implications for the course design, conducting a comprehensive needs analysis, collating the results of research, analysing data, developing course outline, selecting materials, defining appropriate methodology, developing assessment tools, and evaluating the course for further improvement.
According to Teodorescu (2010), English for Specific Purposes (ESP) came into existence soon after the Second World War as there was a huge expansion of science, technology, and business all over the world and it became essential to have an international language for specialists. Later on, ESP became so popular that it is an important branch of English Language Teaching (ELT). Therefore, ESP which has the subcomponent like English for Science and Technology (EST) and it is further minimized to English for Engineering. Adriana Teodorescu (2010).