ABIS encyclopedia defines Pseudomonas corrugata as a gram-negative aerobic rod and cocci, and has an optimal growth temperature of 26 degree Celsius. AgroAtlas, describe that P. corrugata belongs to prokaryotic kingdom. Also, AgroAtlas wrote that P. corrugata quickly grows in nutrient medium. According to AgroAtlas, P. corrugata does not produce a fluorescent pigment on King B medium. This organism dilute gelatin (but not all strains). Starch and 1-arginine are not hydrolyzed by this organism. Oxidase and lecithinase reactions have a positive result. P. corrugata produce acid from “galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, trehalose, saccharose, fructose, glycerin, inositol, mannitol, but this organism does not produce acid from lactose, maltose, ramnose, sorbitol, adonitol, dextrin, dulcitol, and cellobiose. According to Vittoria Catara, an author of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, P. corrugata is an ubiquitous bacterium, and was first described as being responsible for tomato pith necrosis. O.M. Martins, author of German Phytomedical Society, said “In 1989, an outbreak of the disease occurred in the States of Rio Grande do Sul. The symptoms were seen during the flowering and fruiting stages, and losses in protected tomato reached 40%.” He also wrote that plants along the irrigation channels gained a dark-brown and water-soaked necrosis in their stem, followed by complete destruction of the pith. He said that none of the infected plants survived; instead, they all wilted and died in a few days. Plantwise, an organization that aims to improve the food in the security and the lives of the rural poor by reducing crop losses, stated that the first symptom of pith necrosis is a chlorosis of th...
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Kudela, Vaclav et al. Pseudomonas corrugate and Pseudomonas marginalis Associated with the Collapse of Tomato Plants in Rockwool Slab Hydroponic Culture. Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic. 2010. 19 March 2012. Web.
Martin, O M et al. Current status of Pseudomonas corrugate as an introduces agricultural
pathogen in Brazil. German Phytomedical Society. Nov. 2012. 19 March 2012. Web.
Pith necrosis of tomato (Pseudomonas corrugate). “Plantwise Empowering farmers, powering research - delivering improved food security.” 2012. 19 March 2012. Web.
Pseudomonas corrugate & P. mediterranea. ABIS encyclopedia. 19 March 19 2012. Web.
Scaloni, Andrea et al. Structure, conformation and biological activity of a novel lipodepsipeptide from Pseudomonas corrugate: cormycin A1. 2004. 19 March 2012. Web.
The Gram positive bacteria has been nicknamed Posi. The Gram positive species’ morphology includes having an opaque opacity with a smooth margin. The moisture content of the Gram positive species is shiny and the pigmentation is gold. The Gram positive species grows at an optimal temperature of 37°C. The shape of the Gram positive species is a cocci, with an arrangement of grapelike clusters. The Gram positive species’ size ranges from .5-1.5 µm. Oxygen requirement of the Gram positive species is facultative, and has complete lysis of red blood cells. All results are summarized in Table
Ever since the discovery of antibiotics in the 1920’s, treating bacterial infections in humans, and animals alike, has emerged as a revolutionary possibility. Antibiotics are drugs that are naturally produced by bacteria or fungus to defend against other bacteria via death or inhibiting reproduction (1). Since their detection, antibiotics have been diversified into many different forms and classes which are arranged by mode of action. Glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics which are composed of glycolsylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides that inhibit cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria (2). However, it was soon discovered that the use of these antibiotic drugs would lead to antibiotic resistance. This paper will discuss the history, function, and resistance associated with vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic.
One of the main questions addressed is; why do plants choose rhizobia with nitrogen fixing strains (as nitrogen is metabolically costly) over plants with non-fixing strains that can also lead to nodulated plant (Gubry-Rangin et al, 2010). It should be noted that strains with different fixing levels have been reported in populations of rhizobia and when picking a rhizobium a plant must take into consideration its symbiotic efficacy, as rhizobia cannot be vertically transmitted.
middle of paper ... ... Tim Russo, 18 Sept. 2012. Web. The Web.
They sprayed the plant with bacterial cultures in order to infect the potato plant with the P. infestans. This was done by spraying the plant the P. infestans zoospores in a liquid suspension. After the plant was sprayed, it was moved to a room with 100% humidity in the dark for 12 hours at 18 degrees Celsius. After the twelve hour, they were moved to a growth chamber under controlled conditions. The plants were inspected for infection at the 24,48,and 74 hour mark. THe amount of infection was determined by observing the discoloration on the leaves of the plant.
3: PUBMED Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tomato with rolB Gene Results in Enhancement of Fruit Quality and Foliar Resistance against Fungal Pathogens
middle of paper ... ... The Web. The Web. 11 Nov. 2011.
N.p., 31 Aug. 2005. Web. The Web. The Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
Pp. 97-99. The. Web. The Web. The Web. 15 Dec. 2013.
The "cardboard" tomato problem illustrates a larger problem in agriculture - crop spoilage associated with the predations of insects and fungi and with shipping. We saw that picking fruits such as tomatoes while they are green and chemically ripening them is a solution to some of the spoilage problem in crops, while using other chemicals can prevent some damage by pests. However, these chemicals often create environmental hazards in areas where they are used, and pests can often develop resistance to chemicals used to destroy them, making the release of even more pesticides and fungicides int...
middle of paper ... ... N.p., 11 June 2008. Web. The Web.
Studies have shown that there are bacteria and fungi with certain strains that live in soil. When they are applied to the seeds, they can aid crops by invigorating plant growth or by decreasing the damage created from plant pathogens bred from the soil. Another example is the bacterial species, Mycorrhiza. It is a fungus, which is able to form a union with a majority of land plants. When this action occurs, that symbiotic relationship assists to increase uptake by the root system to about 90 percent. This in turn helps the plant take in water and nutrients from deep inside the soil. It also allows the activation of genes and physiological changes in the plant which helps them to survive drought circumstances. Other microbes are also able to lift a plant 's resistance to bugs. A larger focus on microorganisms colonizing our plants and sharing a symbiotic relationship with them would greatly improve yields and lessen the need for costly fertilizers and pesticides. Information such as this would be very useful for students in college who are interested in businesses such as