The Prospects of Artificial Intelligence: Science Fiction or Reality? The final scene from Kubrick’s 2001 Space Odyssey in which a supercomputer that runs the entire space shuttle begs the main character not to unplug him because it hurts him, is so vivid and at the same time amazingly frightening. The idea that humans will be able to build true artificial replicas of themselves has been consequently appealing to human vanity and has been alive ever since the famous novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. This desire for artificial intelligence has been fueled by the incredible technological advancement of the preceding decades. However, despite great promises little has been delivered in the field of artificial intelligence, a little, at least, in the sense that the general public hoped for. Instead of robots with which they could spend an afternoon betrothed in conversation about physics, new automatic vacuum cleaners appeared on the market. At this point, it is natural to ask whether artificial intelligence in the true sense belongs to the field of science fiction after all. As the substantiation suggests at this point, it seems that machines that can think imaginatively are merely not a realistic goal that the field of artificial intelligence should endeavor towards. First off, those who are expectant about the prospects of artificial intelligence customarily first point to the enormous success that the line of consideration has had over the last few decades. This progress has been so astonishing, that now we have software that can beat world’s best chess players with effortlessness. There is virtually no area of human life in which computers cannot outperform people. Abu-Mostafa (2012) writes about some of the highly demanding hum... ... middle of paper ... ...how they will become self-conscious, creative and truly intelligent beings at some point. Works Cited Abu-Mostafa, Y. (2012). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE New techniques for teaching computers how to learn are beating the experts. Scientific American, 307, 78-81. Brooks, R. (2012). Avoid the cerebral blind alley. Nature, 482, 462. French, R. (2012). Dusting off the Turing Test. Science, 336, 164-165. Heaven, D. (2012). Higher state of mind. . New Scientist, 219, 32-35. Hayes, B. (2012). The Manifest Destiny of Artificial Intelligence. American Scientist, 100, 282-287. Koch, C., & Tononi, G. (2011). A Test for Consciousness . Scientific American, 304, 44-47. Norvig, P. (2012). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. New Scientist, 216, 8. Vaynshteyn, M., & Lanis, A. (2013). Applications of Electrochemical Elements in Systems of Artificial Intelligence.. Nature & Science, 11, 45-51.
Smarter than You Think starts out with a cautionary tale of how in 1997 world chess champion Garry Kasparov was beaten by Deep Blue, an I.B.M. supercomputer. This was a considered a milestone in artificial intelligence. If a computer could easily defeat a chess champion, what would happen to the game and its players? A year after Kasparov was defeated by the program he decided to see what would happen when a computer and person were paired up. He called this collaboration the centaur; A hybrid consisting of the algorithms and history logs of chess as well as the brain to “analyze their opponents’ strengths and weaknesses, as well as their moods.” ...
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
What role will computers play in the future? What happens when artificial intelligence gets to the point of actually allowing machines to give birth to original thoughts, or suppose artificial intelligence became identical or superior to human intelligence? While attempting to answer these thought-provoking questions deeper questions arise that are more pertinent in our lives such as what defines being human, or as Morpheous says, “What is…real?” The Matrix as well as the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, by Phillip K. Dick, attempt to answer these questions through different matrices. These matrices are implemented into stories to provoke thought and ask the question, what if?
Once Deep Blue supercomputer defeated chess grandmaster Kasparov, he, Kasparov, thought what would happen if “humans and computers collaborated” (Thompson 343)? Kasparov figured that it would be a symbiotic relationship in which “each might benefit from the other’s peculiar powers” (Thompson344). A Notably example would a 2005 “freestyle” chess tournament, which consisted of teams with computers and chess players. With a tournament full of computers and chess grandmasters, the winners were amateur chess players Cramton and Zackary (Thompson345). The reason why these players were able to win is because they were “expert[s] at collaborating with computers.” By themselves these players would not have the skills to take on such talented players, but since Cramton and Zackary were able to know “when to rely on human smarts and when to rely on the machine’s advice” they were able to succeed (Thompson 345). These players were able to harness the power of the symbiotic relationship between man and machine. In conclusion, when it comes down to the wire on “who’s smarter-humans or machines; the answer is neither, it’s both working side by side” (Thompson 347). In addition, the benefits of these digital gadgets can be summarized into three
Who’s smarter at chess - computers or humans? Chess is all about ultimate way of thinking, which puts it on a same level as an extreme sport.In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang von Kempelen caused a stir with his clockwork Mechanical Turk—an automaton that played an eerily good game of chess, even beating Napoleon Bonaparte.CLIVE THOMPSON is a freelance journalist and blogger who writes for the New York Times Magazine and Wired.He blogs at collisiondetection.net. This essay is adapted from his book, Smarter Than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better (2013). A writer for Scientific American fretted that the inventor "Would Substitute Machinery for the Human Mind." Eighty years later, in 1997, this intellectual
Artificial Intelligence is a term not too widely used in today’s society. With today’s technology we haven’t found a way to enable someone to leave their physical body and let their mind survive within a computer. Could it be possible? Maybe someday, but for now it’s just in theory. The novel by William Gibson, Neuromancer, has touched greatly on the idea of artificial intelligence. He describes it as a world where many things are possible. By simply logging on the computer, it opens up a world we could never comprehend. The possibilities are endless in the world of William Gibson.
Renner, T., Feldman, R., Majors, M., Morrissey, J., & Mae, L. (2011). States of Consciousness. Psychsmart (pp. 99-107). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Artificial Intelligence continues to grow and expand at a fast rate, which begs the question, will Artificial Intelligence move to the top of the food chain? Artificial Intelligence is software that is meant to tackle tasks that would normally require a human intellect. It is created by a number of algorithms that operate within in certain parameters, which allows it to complete certain tasks. Nils J. Nilsson, professor of Stanford University describes Artificial intelligence as “ an activity devoted to making machines intelligent, and intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment”. The article on the New York Times Debate page talks about the advancement of Artificial Intelligence,
"Artificial Intelligence: Cannibal Or Missionary?." AI & Society 21.4 (2007): 651-657.Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.
Soldiers sown from dragon teeth, golden robots built by Hephaestus, and three-legged tables that could move under their own power - the Greeks were the first to cross the divide between machine and human. Although the history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) began with these myths and speculations, it is becoming a part of everyday life. How did it evolve so quickly, and what are its implications for the future?
"The human aspiration to create intelligent machines has appeared in myth and literature for thousands of years, from stories of Pygmalion to the tales of the Jewish Golem." Anat Treister-Goren, Ph.D. (http://www.a-i.com/)
Just as world-renowned scientist and futurist Ray Kurzweil believes, the singularity is approaching and humans are transcending biology. Ever since the dawn of technology, people have been inspired to advance civilization in unimaginable ways, ranging from finding life on a different planet to creating robots to make life more pleasurable. However, in the 21st century, faster computers and advanced machinery revolutionized artificial intelligence and created a new digital frontier. This frontier pushed the boundaries of innovation and started singularitarianism, a movement defined by the hypothesis that there will be no distinction between humans and machines. According to this hypothesis, artificial intelligence will rapidly advance and adapt,
Imagine asking your computer to do something in the same way you would ask a friend to do it. Without having to memorize special commands that only it could understand. For computer scientists this has been an ambitious goal; that can further simplify computers. Artificial Intelligence, a system that can mimic human intelligence by performing task that usually only a human can do, usually has to use a form of natural language processing. Natural language processing, a sub-field of computer science and artificial intelligence, concerns the successfully interaction between a computer and a human. Currently one of the best examples of A.I.(Artificial Intelligence) is IBM 's Watson. A machine that gained popularity after appearing on the show
When most people think of artificial intelligence they might think of a scene from I, Robot or from 2001: A Space Odyssey. They might think of robots that highly resemble humans start a revolution against humanity and suddenly, because of man’s creation, man is no longer the pinnacle of earth’s hierarchy of creatures. For this reason, it might scare people when I say that we already utilize artificial intelligence in every day society. While it might not be robots fighting to win their freedom to live, or a defense system that decides humanity is the greatest threat to the world, artificial intelligence already plays a big role in how business is conducted today.
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent.”AI has improved a lot in the last century, and is still advancing today. Different approaches in AI are used for different situations. Whether we notice it or not, AI is an important part of our lives. Artificial Intelligence