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Taekwondo
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In recent years, in order to enhance the opportunities to win medals in international competitions, the Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI) proposed “Elite Sports” to support athletes to reach an elite level. However, only 16 sports events receive "Tier A" support from the Elite Training Program operated by the HKSI with effect from April 2013. The Elite Sports Committee rejected some popular sports, for instance, Judo, soccer and basketball. The issue of whether Judo should be included in Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A) has been discussed for several years among scholars and universities in Hong Kong. Despite strong objection from HKSI, however, Judo should be included in the Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A), for it brings advantages to the spreading of Judo spirit, intensifies support for elite Judo athletes and the HKSI, and promotes Hong Kong’s economic growth.
“Judo for all” has been a slogan when actively promoting sports events, marketing the idea, or providing an ornate pretext for increasing funding for the sport. Some conservative Judo specialists argued that most of the bureaucratic organizations misunderstood the real interpretation of “Judo for all” which arises from the fundamental spirit of Judo itself. According to Ito's (2011) proposal (P. 5), “the main purpose of Judo is the cultivation of the mind and moral education as well as physical education.” In addition, though Judo has been included into one of the events of the Olympics, Professor Jigoro Kano, founder of Judo and representatives of the board of Japanese Olympic Committee, rejected the introduction of Judo in 1960. As a consequence, the conservatives have strong faith in opposing the introduction of Judo into the Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A) on the grou...
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Hong Kong Government (2013, January 14). 2013 Policy address - policy address. Retrieved from http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2013/eng/p187.html
Ito, E., Nogawa, H., Kitamura, K., & Walker, G. J. (2011). The role of leisure in the assimilation of brazilian immigrants into japanese society: Acculturation and structural assimilation through judo participation. International Journal of Sport & Health Science,9, 8-14.
Pareto, V. (1968). The rise and fall of the elites: An application of theoretical sociology. Totowa, N.J.: Bedminster Press.
Tribou, G. (2011). Sponsorship: Associating image attributes with specific sports and particular teams. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 12(2), 138. Retrieved from http://storage.globalcitizen.net/data/topic/knowledge/uploads/2013051393215205110_Determinants%20of%20Sports%20Participation.pdf
In Introduction to the Philosophy of Sport, Heather L. Reid presents a discussion of how ethics is treated in the arena of Olympism and some of the struggles of defining and how or if the ethical guidelines should be enforced. Reid notes, “Some would say that ethical principles are always the product of a particular culture, so there can no more be universal ethical principles than there can be a universal culture” (Reid, 22). I disagree with the notion that there cannot be universal ethical principles for athletes to follow in sport because even across cultures there are general morals that shape the lives of people from all over the world. For example, murder and cheating are inherently immoral actions, no matter where someone comes from;
Over the last several years, it has become undeniable that any kind of sport can, and will, be sensationalized and commercialized by the people from the great companies like “Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola, and Marlboro” (1667). These companies have hundreds of thousands of dollars budgeted each year to pour into sports in the form of sponsorships, advertising, etc. Once the sponsorships are introduced into a sport, it is exactly the kind of thing that will push an athlete out of competition. An athlete will find himself in a “make-it or break-it” situation. If an athlete receives a sponsorship, then the money is free flowing for equipment, testing, training, etc – anything that the athlete wants or needs to aid in putting him...
G. William Domhoff is by trade a psychologist and sociologist and is the author of several books on the theory of power and class structure. In his book, Who rules America Now? Domhoff provides an in depth analysis of the structure of wealth and power in America. He asserts the existence of an institutional upper class in America that is able to dictate/direct the politics, economy and government by virtue of its wealth and power. I contend that Domhoff through his analysis of the wealth and power structure of the American upper class can be considered as a lay cultural theorist. This is based upon his identification of the cultural processes of the upper class - those learned shared patterns of behaviors and interactions that allow them to “sustain and optimize opportunities and forms of sociality” (Stryker 2011), for survival. In this paper, I will argue the existence of an institutional upper class in America identified by its infrastructure, wealth and power. (Domhoff 2005) This class is a minority in terms of population, in particular the 5% of this social class who possess the majority of wealth in this nation. They have “the ability to set the terms under which other groups and classes must operate” (Domhoff 2005).
Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto was born on July 15, 1848, in Paris, France. He was an engineer by profession, but economist and philosopher by passion. His contributions in the field of economics are very profound. He coined the term ‘elite’, by using it in his social analysis.
The media and technology have impacted a huge part on the way people view sports. Technology hasn’t only transformed the way of interacting with sports from the past ten to fifteen years. Not only has techn...
Host nations had always celebrate the Olympic games as the national pride in modern era. China showed to the world that China was a progressive, modern, and capable country. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic games gave the audiences an imagination about a historical, populous, and polyhedral country with a different culture. Chinese took pride from the achievements of Beijing Olympic games and show their sustaining manner to Chinese governments. “They interpreted their Olympic ideal which showed in the immediate context of China in not only a ‘cultural expression of the persisting crises of modernity and globalization’(Tomlinson) but also an attempt to resolve the characteristic tensions between locality and globality because of the process of globalization.”(Li) The United States can show their unique culture and multivariate society. American will take pride from their advanced science and technology as well as the accomplishment on the elimination of discrimination they had strived
The last area, sports-based techniques, is described by official backers of a games propertywho are offer ing different games items. In light of the part of games
Within sport, endorsement has fast become an effective form of advertisement for organisations, with Stafford et al (2003) defining this type of commercial exposure as “a famous [athlete or coach] who uses public recognition to recommend or co-present with a product in an ad”. Wang et al (2012) defines the term celebrity “as a person who is well known and receives consumers’ respect;” hopefully then (from the companies perspective) leading to an instant connection between the consumer and the product through the favoured endorser, with Lear et al (2009) supporting the idea that celebrity endorsement is more” likely to positively influence consumer buying decisions”.
“Whether a game is played on the field, court, or track. Sponsors support games, events and sports icons that are important to the fans. Sponsorship offer the ability to achieve several goals all at once” stated by https://eproulx05.blogspot.com/2005/12/conclussion.html (2005). With the following facts and statements I have made a conclusion that sports is indeed a marketing strategy for companies willing to give time and effort in order to attain a better position in the business world. It is also highly effective in light of the fact that sports are a huge hit in today’s generation. Also it is highly recommended that you practice and maintain doing the necessary skills in order to have a sucessful sports marketing career. So if you’re planning
Part of the World Taekwondo Federation’s mission statement is to “promote, expand, and improve worldwide the practice of taekwondo” (World Taekwondo Federation), however the interest in the sport has notably gone down from the time of the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992 to the time of London 2012. This new system houses a lot of different factors into how the fight is scored. Furthermore, the trend of idle time will decrease as scores will be much less black and white, and the fighters’ scores will be much more neck and neck. Every match and every round will once again be
Some companies or products pay companies with previously established brand images to use for their brand image and establish their own brand image. These companies use the existing brand images because certain qualities are associated with these brands. O...
The developmental stages of a successful campaign help to establish the product in the audience’s mind or consciousness. The stages of the Nike campaign can be described by using the Yale Five-Stage Developmental Model. Yale researchers developed this model while observing the growth of national identity. The first stage of this model is identification. Our text states that “Many products and causes develop a graphic symbol or logotype to create identification in the audience’s mind” (p. 264, Larson). The logo Nike is most famous for is “The Swoosh.” This is the term given to the symbol of winged victory that appears on Nike products. “The design of the swoosh logo was inspired by the wing from the Greek goddess Nike” (p. 3, http://shrike.depaul.edu /~mcoscino/word.html). The Nike logo’s presence can be noted in almost every aspect of the athletic world.
During controversies associated with athletes and their brands, relationships between athletes and their fans are crucial to being successful. However, with a high profile crisis such as those like Ray Rice, Tom Brady, Tiger Woods, and many other athletes, relationships between the athlete and fan can become strained and fragmented. With the marketing of an athlete as a brand, fans create and build relationships to connect with a particular athlete. The relationship that fans (also known as consumers) establish with their favorite athlete takes time to mature. Therefore, for fans to build a relationship with a brand (or athlete, which will be used interchangeably) there are certain steps that the brand and the consumer must achieve. According to Bee and Kahle (2006), for a fan to associate with a brand, a fan must 1) have compliance, 2) identify (identification), and 3) internalization (p.105). Within each of the three steps, there are guidelines that both the athlete and fan must meet to achieve success as a brand and relatable for fans. The brand must have 1) social effect, 2) attractiveness, and 3) creditability. The fans, on the other hand, must benefit from and believe the social effect, social anchorage, and creditability (Bee and Kahle, 2006, p.105) of the
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the ethical implications and problems in elite sport as it gets closer to the human performance limit. Modern elite sport must be viewed on the background of the idea of systematic progress. The Olympic motto, 'citius, altius, fortius'-faster, higher, stronger-gives a precise concentration of this idea. Modern sport is also influenced by the liberal idea of a free market where actors can perform, compete and be rewarded according to performance. However, one may ask why and how athletes are willing to risk their health and even their life on the free market of sport when they do the extreme: push limits, break records, set new standards, develop new events. This paper discusses what may be the result as sport moves toward the limits of human performance. The ethical focus on the development of the elite sport should not be restricted to the individual athlete, but should also include the various systems that make up elite sport. Other actors, like coaches, leaders, sponsors, medical personnel, service people, etc., are taking part in the same development. One problem in the modern context is that society is divided into different moral sectors. What is accepted in entertainment or art may not be accepted in sport. It is suggested that we should develop a common ethic for all performance-centered activities like music, painting, science and research, acrobatics and stunts, acting, top politics and business. Or one could include all situations and events where people are put under extreme stress and have to perform well, like during expeditions, in idealistic humanitarian work, during hazards, and catastrophes. At the same time, one should not develop a sort of elite ethic. We need a new ethic that defines the ethical tolerance level in elite sport and that also points to some of the possibilities for development of both character and virtues under extreme pressure.
It is vital for sports marketers to understand why the participants behave the way that they do, so that they can understand their consumer base as a whole. Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective define participant consumer behavior as “actions that are performed by those who are searching for, participating in, and evaluating the sports activities thats consumers believe will satisfy their needs” (Shank, 136). Sports marketers strive to understand participant consumer behavior because it will lead them to better understand the decision-making process that consumers use when deciding to participate in a specific sport or activity. The decision-making process is a five-step process that consumers use when deciding to participate in a specific