2.6 Omar K. M. Ouda and Syed A. Raza ( May 2014) works on Waste-to-Energy: Solution for Municipal Solid Waste Challenges- Global Perspective according to them the overall world’s population is about 7.2 billion by the year 2013 and it is project to increase 1 billion by the year 2025 with an average rate of 1% every year. According to research recent world’s municipal solid waste production scale is 1.3 billion tons per year, and it is likely to rise up to 2.2 billion (approx) tons per year by 2025. This outcome from population rise and the increase of per capita waste production rates from 1.2 to 1.42 kg person in everyday by the next fifteen years. It is important to show that world’s averages are broad estimates only, as the rates changes …show more content…
Kimani and D. Ndunge (February 2014) Review of Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Nairobi, Kenya according to their study the current status of solid waste management basic requirement assuring endurable environment. Rapid development in cities like industrialization, population growth and rise in waste generation have change solid waste into a general public health and environmental care in Nairobi city area. Solid trash management system is harsh and very precious particularly tough to the urban poor who cannot adjoin the services and consequently left to conciliation with waste disposal on their …show more content…
Solid waste pickup rate is approximately 33% of the waste generated, regaining rate is approximately 3.7% hence leaving about 63% uncollected trash
3. There is a finite centralize on monitoring mechanisms on solid waste management which is badly effecting on safety, health and the environment.
2.8 Prof. M. R Gidde, Prof. Dr. V.V.Todkar And Prof.K K Kokate (march 2008) works on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Emerging Mega Cities: A case study of Pune City according to study of the paper it is clear that quickly industrialisation and urbanization outburst in India has led to the emigration of people from town and villages to the cities, which creates thousands of tons of municipal solid discharge waste material. The MSW amount is foreseen to rise significantly in the coming future as the nation try to attain an industrialized nation position by the year 2020.
2.8.1 Composition:-
The formation and the amount of Municipal solid waste proliferate form the basis on which the management system must to be planned, designed and conducted. In India municipal solid waste increasing with respect to the composition and hazardous nature as compared to municipal solid waste in the western nations. The composition of municipal solid discharge waste at originate sources are as
Landfill is the most frequent waste disposal method all around the world. The present of landfill is recognised as being an important in this days as well as future, especially in low and middle income countries since it is the easiest way to build. Generally, there is two types of landfill can be classified, dry-tomb and bioreactor.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
In many countries the term municipal solid waste (MSW) has different means. Now here in the United States it is commonly known as trash or garbage but in the United Kingdom it would be called refuse or rubbish. It is a waste type consisting of everyday items that people use and then throw away. These things consist of grass clippings, furniture, clothing, batteries, newspapers, food scraps and many other things that are used in our homes, schools, hospitals and businesses (EPA, 2014). It was reported that in 2012 Americans generated almost 251 million tons of trash and only recycled and composted almost 87 million tons (EPA, 2014). Therefore, municipal solid waste is the things we throw away every day.
Waste management is the operation of how waste materials are handled. The affair of waste management is relevant to everyone world-wide. Wastes are materials that have no further economic use, and when disposed of, are hazardous to humans and the environment. Wastes include solid waste, liquid wastes, and air pollutants created by humans and cannot be naturally recycled. Current waste management techniques need to be completely overhauled because funding in government budget is not enough to meet standards, landfills are reaching their maximum capacity worldwide, and nuclear waste storage must be handled correctly. Waste management has been a highly thought about complication for global authorities. Due to
Outer islands have dumpsters that are used for trash generated by workers. Most outer island work is occasional and involves few individuals; therefore waste generation is minimal. Dumpsters from Illeginni, Legan and Carlos are replaced at least quarterly, and more frequently if barge transportation is available. Wastes are shipped to the Kwajalein Solid Waste Management Yard for segregation, incineration, and/or landfilling as needed. Dumpsters from Gagan are transported to Roi-Namur for disposal. When special projects take place on these or other outer islands, additional dumpsters and waste receptacles are delivered and used as needed. Wastes from construction projects are removed from the islands at the conclusion of the projects or during the project as needed. No wastes are disposed on these islands with the exception of green wastes which are left to decompose naturally.
Stan 's plan to operate a toxic waste disposal business as a sole proprietorship raises two significant concerns. As a sole proprietor, Stan will assume unlimited personal liability for all business obligations as there is no legal or practical separation between the business and the owner. Any financial obligations or legal torts would apply to the business, and also, his personal assets. Secondly, Stan, as sole proprietor, can only borrow money directly, limiting growth, and could be considered a risky investment for lenders when they assess his ability to repay the debt, and the nature of the business.
Collection of segregated solid waste is scheduled per community. References: https://global.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/waste-disposal http://www.eschooltoday.com/waste-recycling/what-is-recycling.html https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling- basicshttp://solidwastemngt.weebly.com/chapter-ii-rrl.html http://www.recyclingcenters.org/ https://global.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management
To begin with, in the U.S., trash is most commonly sent to a landfill, unfortunately though, once it arrives there little sorting occurs. According to the EPA, “Nationally, food is the single most common material sent to landfills. When excess food, leftover food, and food scraps are disposed of in a landfill, they decompose and become a significant source of methane, a potent greenhouse gas” (“Cupertino Honored”). At a landfill, trash arriving is only screened for liquids in order to avoid the creation of leachate, or water that is contaminated from dissolved chemicals in garbage. Once screened, dumped, and covered, bacteria begin to decompose the trash and, as a result, release methane, a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The fact is that landfills are ideally supposed to be used to bury garbage that is non-decomposable, however, with the garbage collection method that is currently in place across many states, all unsorted garbage is being sent there. In addition, “...traditional trash disposal not only wastes material that can enrich soil but accelerates climate change. Organic matter decom...
In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tonnes of solid waste, in 1997 it was about 48 million tonnes. More than 25% of the municipal solid waste is not collected at all; 70% of the Indian cities lack adequate capacity to transport
Do you know how many tons of garbage filling up landfills everyday? Do you know how many kilograms of daily domestic waste we generate? According to government's figures, there are 13,500 tons of waste landfilling in Hong Kong everyday, in which a third of it is food waste. Each Hong Kong citizen produces 1.36kg domestic waste everyday, which is at least 36% more than Taipei, Seoul and Tokyo. Waste disposal has been a highly controversial topic in recent years. If the trash production rate keeps on increasing, three landfills in Hong Kong will be exhausted one by one in two to six years. Landfill is the only way to dispose waste in Hong Kong. In order to tackle the municipal solid waste(MSW) problem, government decides to build an incinerator in Shek Kwu Chau, with other waste disposal method. The purpose of this project are to reduce the total amount of garbage, increase in the recovery rate of MSW and reduce the total MSW disposed of in landfills.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
Traditional methods of waste disposal have proven to be ineffective and have caused harmful effects on the environment. The most popular and inexpensive way to get rid of garbage is burial, but burying your problems does not necessarily mean getting rid of them. Landfill sites pose as severe ecological threats as these mass garbage dump yards overflow with trash and frequently contaminate our air, soil and water with hazardous wastes. About 400 million tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year1. A large-scale release of these materials can cause thousands of deaths and may poison the environment for many years. For example many industrial companies around the world cannot afford to enforce the strict pollution regulations set by many developed countries. This usually forces these types of companies to move to developing countries where pollution regulations are very lenient. These developing countries knowingly accept environmentally hazardous companies usually because they are in desperate need of employment. The harmful effects of these companies were clearly illustrated in the 1960s and 1970s when residents living near Minamata Bay, Japan, developed nervous disorders, tremors, and paralysis in a mysterious epidemic. The root was later found to be a local industry that had released mercury, a highly toxic element, into Minamata Bay. The disaster had claimed the lives of 400 people1. Since 1970 you can bet that a lot more than 400 people have died as a result of waste disposal. If the type of waste disposal were cheaper and effective we wouldn’t have to deal with waste problems, which still plague mankind today.
The average resident produces seven and a half pounds of garbage every day that is buried down in landfills and litter lands, costing a great amount of money. Nowadays, people face no more critical problem than the need to save the weakening environment, mainly in urban areas, where solid wastes are uselessly dumped. It has been observed that cities have no controlled structure for garbage disposal. Each year, millions of dollars are spent picking up litter and more is thrown away in valuable materials that could be recycled. As humanity develops new technology and equipment, the level of waste increases every day.
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.