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the determinants of productivity
Productivity and its determinants
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(Introduction) To say that productivity is an extremely important part of any economy is an understatement. It is absolutely crucial for a country, in order for its economy to thrive, to have a good rate of production. Production can be considered the epitome for the reason why some countries are poor and others are rich. A higher production means a larger quantity of goods and services and in turn a higher standard of living. If every nation could have a higher production rate then the world would be better off, but there are clear reasons as to why this desired effect hasn’t been achieved. For productivity to increase, an economy must have more physical capital (Stock of equipment and structures), human capital (Knowledge and skills workers have), natural resources (Inputs into production provided by nature), and technological knowledge (Society’s understanding of the best ways to produce goods and services) (Mankiw). A combination of all of these factors is necessary for productivity to rise, but many countries lack the abilities or resources needed to achieve this goal. As an example, the African continent is extremely poor. This is due to the fact that they have little money for school systems and capital, restricting both physical and human capital, and preventing further technological knowledge (Mankiw). The article summarized in the next paragraph is great example of what the factors of productivity are and how they work.
Author: Matt Richtel
Title: In Data Deluge, Multitaskers Go to Multiscreens
Publisher: New York Times
Date: Feb 7, 2012
(Article Summary)The first article I’ve found is specifically about physical capital. Office workers are constantly barraged with data and e-mail, along with having to use multipl...
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...tion like this could take place anywhere, including at home. I, in fact, could be using two monitors as I type, one to read the article and analyze it, and the other to actually type my essay. I would certainly be able to finish it faster, and my productivity would increase. Now that I understand productivity and its determinants, I can implement it into my daily life. In the workplace, I can also use my knowledge of productivity to an advantage, and perhaps maybe even a business of my own.
Works Cited
Mankiw, N. Gregory. "7/Production and Growth." Macroeconomics. 6th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2012. 131+. Print.
Richtel, Matt. "In Data Deluge, Multitaskers Go to Multiscreens." The New York Times. NY Times, 7 Feb. 2012. Web. .
Today we live in a society where everything is seconds away from us. With the advances and affordability of quality technology, you would be hard pressed to find someone without a smartphone, laptop, or tablet, possibly all at the same time. Because of the accessibility we find that, in our tech-savvy culture, multitasking has not just become an art form of sorts, but rather an expectation. In the article “Multitasking Can Make You Lose…Um…Focus,” Alina Tugend sets out to explore the idea that although multitasking appears to show productivity, it could be doing the opposite. Throughout her article, Tugend uses studies done by neurologists and psychologists to show how in a world that sees multitasking as an expectation it has actually made us less efficient. She proposes, through studies, that although you might be working on multiple tasks it is as if you’re playing tennis with multiple balls (Tugend, 725).
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John sits at home each night with his wife and two children and watches the news. He listens as experts on the economy tell him that the economy is growing and that the GDP is growing. He wonders how this can be, because he lost his job months ago and has not been able to find work since. Has the very country that John lives in moved on and left him behind? This is the question that many Americans are asking themselves, and many more will be soon. In the 1960s and early 90s productivity in America increased by record amounts. The nation was prospering, people had jobs, and they were spending their money. All of this was done by simple government intervention. Now America is looking at another rise in productivity, but this time it may be a little bit different unless the government takes the proper steps.
In the equation above it the product of K and P that is responsible for economic growth. It would appear then that K, the ratio of productive to unproductive labor, and P, the productivity rate are equally important factors in this determinance. However, Smith says that this is not so. The ratio of productive to unproductive labor does not change much over time, says Smith.
In the article, “Multitasking Can Make You Lose…Um…Focus,” Alina Tugend centralizes around the negative effects of multitasking. She shows that often with multitasking, people tend to lose focus, lack work quality, have an increase in stress, and in the end she gives a solution to all these problems. Tugend conveys her points by using understandable language, a clear division of subjects, and many reliable sources, making her article cogent.
It was said that once-in-a-century advances in technology are transforming our economy. The computer chip is doing for today's knowledge economy what electricity did for our industrial economy a century ago. Synergies in technology are driving acceleration in productivity growth that enables us to grow faster with less inflation. Economic progress is speeding up; the speed limit is rising. “Real GDP growth has averaged 4 percent for the past four years, with declining inflation. This almost doubles the 2 percent to 2.5 percent not long ago considered the maximum noninflationary potential. But we've been growing faster than potential and sustaining the unsustainable for four years and counting. Sounds odd, doesn't it? Our faster output growth is based primarily on faster productivity growth and secondarily on faster labor force growth”. Productivity growth now appears to be at least 2.5 percent and rising. An increase from 1 percent to 2.5 percent is an increase of 150 percent, a huge jump with profound implications if sustained. Last year was encouraging. Productivity raised over 3 percent for the year and over 5 percent in the second half. It was said that the United States entered the 21st century with its economy on a roll. GDP growth averaged more than 3 percent a year in the 1990s. The country created 17 million jobs, driving unemployment down to a 30-year low of 4.1 percent. In the 1999-2000 the economy wasn’t doing so bad the unemployment rate was down, there were more jobs available, and production was doing well. When 2001 stated and even before then the economy was going down, many people were being laid off and so on. Then it happened the September 11th attack on the US, this attack has left the
Multitasking, a practice used by many people to complete multiple tasks at once, seems beneficial to the user, but recent research shows that this practice causes more distractions. Alexandra Samuel argues in her essay, “‘Plug in Better’: A Manifesto”, that by getting rid of all of the distractions caused by multitasking, the time spent on the computer can be used more efficiently. As businesses in today’s world are using computers to help employees be more efficient in the workplace, each worker should only have to handle one task at a time to maximize their efficiency. Richard Restak argues in his essay, “Attetion Deficit: The Brain Syndrome of Our Era,” that by not diverting a person’s attention to multiple activities at once, such person
Technology is prevalent in our personal and professional lives. Everywhere we go; there are multiple screens and multiple distractions. How is productivity when being inundated with information and devices? There seems to be some bragging rights associated with multitasking, however many would argue the opposite. The following examines how multitasking negatively influences personal and professional productivity and how we should make changes to reduce digital distractions.
Today, multitasking is everywhere, and is very huge in many situations. We are guilty of, multitasking and how it has become a negative and positive impact on our lives. Nowadays, people prefer to divide people in two groups; people who masters can multitask, and those who cannot. Almost everyone place themselves in the former group, thereafter they put the rest of the people in the latter. I personally find myself multitassking many things at once, and never pay attention to it. I believe that doing more than one thing is okay. In order to get things done faster multitasking seems like the answer to the question. In Tugend’s essay, she uses certain techniques that caught the reader’s attention, stating this as “you are reading this article, are you listening to music or the radio, Yelling at your children? Checking emails”? Of course, the reader was expected to read the essay. By persuading them to believe that, what she was saying was true.
Determinants of Productivity Determinants of Productivity Productivity is the quantity of output formed by one unit of production input in a unit of time. Inputs used in the production of the goods and services are the major determinants of any country’s productivity; they are also called factors of production. There are four major determinants of productivity in any country’s economy. Land: the land itself, and raw materials such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that are available without alteration or effort on the part of humans.
Most people believe that they can successfully multitask. Everyday someone around the world is currently trying to do work while watching their favorite television program, writing a paper and checking up on their friend’s status updates online, or simply having a phone conversation with a loved one while reading the news. Completing these actions together are thought to be time saving yet some recent studies have indicated that when people multitask and divide their attention to completing two or more tasks at the same time they are actually being less productive. Rather than performing one single action as a time, multitasking some actions are actually taking up more time than needed. Although it is probably true that doing more than one
Multitasking is something we all do. With lack of time and needing to get things done fast we often find ourselves doing more than one task at a time. As a college student I find myself multitasking a lot more than I’d like to admit, but it has become such a hard habit to break. Multitasking can often make us feel more productive, but it may not be as efficient as we would like to believe. Multitasking may be causing us more stress, it can be dangerous and cause us problems, and it may cause us to waste more time than we realize and cause us to produce low quality work.
Every year there is a ‘league table‘ published showing the level of economic growth achieved by each country. The comparison is made using each countries Gross Domestic Product, or GDP. An important factor to look at is the difference between actual and potential economic growth. Actual economic growth increases in real GDP. This increase can occur as result of using previously unemployed resources, or reallocating resources into more productive areas or improving existing resources. Whereas potential economic growth is the productive capacity of the economy. For example, it can be shown by the predicted ability of the country to produce goods and services. This changes when there is an increase in the quantity or quality of the resources. All countries have different ways of achieving this with the resources they have available to them. For this reason it party answers the question of why some countries are richer than others. It is widely thought that the productive capacity of an economy will increase each year largely due to improvements in education and technology. This will obviously differ from country to country. For example, in the UK the quality of fertilizer could be improved, hence forth increase the years fruit and vegetable output.
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.