SCADA, or often referred as Process Control Systems (PCS) is interpreted as an overall collection of control systems that measures, reports, and changes processes SCADA is the acronym of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, which is a communication technology scheme for collecting data from distant facilities and also controlling them on control systems.
In the beginning SCADA system was locally introduced, and it has been applied to larger and wide-area systems as the information technology evolves.
As SCADA system expands to wide area, it has been connected to common communication infrastructure while it was a locally independent control system network initially.
A SCADA system allows an operator to make set point changes on distant
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To continuously monitor and control the different sections of the plant in order to ensure its appropriate operation leads to the use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.
A SCADA system normally supports communication between a central control unit and multiple remote units equipped with sensors, actuators, and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).
SCADA systems were first designed to meet the basic requirements of process control systems where security issues were hardly a concern.
However, the growing demands for increased connectivity between a SCADA system and other network components, such as the corporate network and the Internet, expose the critical parts of a SCADA system to the public.
1) SCADA Server or Master Terminal Unit (MTU): This Server device acts as the Master in a SCADA system.
Cyber attacks on SCADA system can take routes through Internet connections, business or enterprise network connec- tions and or connections to other networks, to the layer of control networks then down the level of field
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Successful attacks either can occur from the Internet, the corporate network or could arise from within the SCADA network itself.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States National Security Agency (NSA), United States Department of Energy, The President 's Critical Infrastructure Protection Board as well as Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada (PSEPC) have recognized that security in SCADA systems is essential.
The efficiency improvements based on network integration brought the cyber security risks into the control systems of critical infrastructures operated by SCADA system.
Compared to IT networks, control systems might be more vulnerable to cyber attacks for its characteristics of the real time operation.
1 shows the comparison of characteristics between information systems and control systems.
Furthermore, the recent trend in standardization of soft- ware and hardware used in SCADA systems makes it even easier to mount SCADA specific attacks.
Thus the security for SCADA systems can no longer rely on obscurity or on being a function of locking down a
Cisco Designs, manufactures, and sells Internet Protocol (IP) - based networking and other products related to the communications and information technology (IT) industry and provide services associated with these products and their use. The company provides products for transporting data, voice within buildings, across campuses and globally. The products are utilized at enterprise businesses, public institutions, telecommunications companies and other service providers, commercial businesses, and personal residences. Cisco conducts its business globally and manages its business geographically. Its business is divided into the following three geographic segments: The Americans; Europe, M...
Never allow any machine on the control network to talk direct to a machine on the business organize or on the Internet. Though a couple of affiliations' mechanical control structures may not direct go up against the Internet, an affiliation still exists if those structures are related with a bit of the network. Affiliations may not comprehend this affiliation exists, but instead a persevering advanced hazard on-screen character can find such pathways and use them to access and try current control systems to try to make a physical result. Along these lines, affiliations are encouraged to coordinate serious assessments of their structures, including the corporate endeavor pieces, to make sense of where pathways exist.
The project that will be examined is an upgrade to our main Human-Machine Interface (HMI) software: Cimplicity, to SQL Server and to the Windows OS. Cimplicity is a product of the GEFanuc group of General Electric. This group develops a full suite of applications used in the manufacturing environment. By way of introduction, the manufacturing floor environment uses a variety of types of equipment. To control these machines, a specialized computer is used. For the purposes of simplicity (not the program), this paper will refer to them all as PLC's or Programmable Logic Controllers. Most of these PLC's are accessible via the ethernet and communicate to our Protocol Data Units (PDU) in the computer room. These PDU's have Cimplicity installed on them in the form of projects that are named for the various areas or functions of our plant such as GA or General Assembly. The project we are undertaking will be a fundamental change to these PDU's in our computer room. The servers currently run Windows NT and will be upgraded to Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 and SQL Server will will be upgraded from version 7 to SQL 2000.
“Improving Security of Oil Pipeline SCADA Systems Using Service-Oriented Architectures” is an article written by Nary Subramanian in 2008. The article introduces a new computer system that will improve a current computer system that runs oil pipelines. The purpose of this article was to convince the audience that the new computer system will improve the security and enhance the feasibility of the oil pipeline management. This essay analyzes rhetorical concepts the author used to convey his idea through navigation by organization and presentation, understanding through audience and research, and credibility through author. By analyzing this rhetorical concepts, the author will see whether these concepts where effective at conveying the purpose of the article.
Physical and environmental security programs are generally considered to be a collection of mechanisms and controls put into place that help ensure the availability of information technology capabilities. These programs protect an organization from fire, flood, theft, power failure, intentional, and even unintentional damage through negligence. Implementation of these programs at the organizational level can take place in a number of ways but most organizations choose to follow the application of a body of standards, usually set forth by an organization such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Once such body of standards put forth by ISO/IEC is 27002, Information technology – Security techniques – Code of practice for information secur...
Cyber security is the designing, creating, using, and repairing most technological and mechanical equipment. This includes programing and creating new technology before it is mass produced in order to insure safety and quality. It also cover the use of programs to protect and fix technological and mechanical equipment from malfunctions, viruses, and hackers. Lastly, cyber security includes the repairing and upkeep of most electronically designed systems. This job is important because most of today’s world is entirely made up of system that need to be protected, maintained, and constantly improved. This jobs needed in order to keep developed countries stable and able to keep developing,
During 2003-2007, cisco registered a top durable top line growth period. They take a strong ability to manufacture and design new products with how the new world processes information. They have strong strategic industry partners and they have a good customer relationship. Cisco is a company that focuses on their core competencies. When they monitor and manage more than 10,000 devices, it becomes time consuming. Even with these problems cisco systems does have many strength...
USCYBERCOM unifies the command of the cyberspace efforts and units of the United States military. The United States Department of Defense also has outlined the principles that form its cyber defense strategy, building and maintaining ready forces and capabilities to conduct cyberspace operations, defend the DoD information network, secure DoD data, and mitigate risks to DoD missions. Be prepared to defend the U.S. homeland and U.S. vital interests from disruptive or destructive cyberattacks of significant consequence. Build and maintain viable cyber options and plan to use those options to control conflict escalation and to shape the conflict environments at all stages. Build and maintain robust international alliances and partnerships to deter shared threats and increase international security and stability. The five pillars of cyber security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, and authentication. Protecting information from disclosure to unauthorized individuals, systems or entities, Protect information, systems, and services from unauthorized modification or destruction, Timely, reliable access to data and information services by authorized users, the ability to correlate a recorded action with its originating individual or entity, and the ability to verify the identity of an individual or entity
It has been demonstrated that a number of interoperable systems must be implemented to fully protect a network; a strategy known as Defense in Depth. Due to the multitude of security devices and device categories available, it can be very difficult to identify the correct tools for meeting security goals. Using the Defense in Depth strategy will require an understanding of the interactions between devices occuring within the network.
The report highlight’s the essential aspects of the control process. In terms of concurrent feedback as well as feed forward, that companies can use to implement so that they can have better outcomes in terms of efficiency of the business. Consequently the report underlines as well as emphasizes of the many contributing factors of these controls. The authors have contrasting views on the control models of an organization, they believe that in order to create an effective control process, and organization first needs to determine its strategic plans for instance in terms of what it is and where is it going.
A Terminal Operating System, or TOS, is a key part of the supply chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage of various types of Cargo in and around a Container terminal or Port. The systems also allow the users to make better use of your assets, labor and equipment, plan your workload, and get up to the minute information which allows for more timely and cost-effective decision making. (From Wikipedia,)
Over the past few years, Internet-enabled businesses, or e-businesses, have drastically improved efficiency and revenue growth. E-business applications such as e-commerce, supply-chain management, and remote access allow companies to streamline processes, lower operating costs, and increase customer satisfaction. Such applications require mission-critical networks that accommodate voice, video, and data traffic, and these networks must be scalable to support increasing numbers of users and the need for greater data. capacity and performance of the system. However, as networks enable more and more applications and are available to more and more users, they become ever more vulnerable to a wider range of security threats.
Unequivocally speaking, the threat of a cyber-attack has become one of the most critical domestic and national security challenges we face as a nation today. Infrastructures supporting government operations are ...
Warfare is always evolving and everyone wants the new and more powerful weapon; from men fighting with sticks and stones to launching nuclear missiles and full scale invasions. The newest type of warfare is cyber warfare. Cyber warfare has the possibility to be more destructive than nuclear war.
The purpose of this report is showing how to apply the control process in the