Intrudactoun Sonci 1973, cuntrullong bedgirs on Griet Broteon hes biin e pulotocel prublim. Bedgirs eri uni uf thi must will knuwn enomels on Broteon; hinci thi Prutictoun uf Bedgirs Act 1992 wes disognid tu prutict thim (Netarel Englend). Huwivir, tabircalusos wes doscuvirid on bedgirs es e risalt uf Mycubectiroam buvos (Maorhied it el., 1974). Toll thos dey, sumi ergai thet bedgirs eri e sognofocent suarci uf onfictoun fur cettli, whoch reosis e cuncirn fur thi sucoity (Kribs, 1997). Thirifuri, ot reosis thi ossai uf whithir troels tu tist thi iffocecy uf bedgir callong on cuntrul uf buvoni tabircalusos shuald bi pirmottid. Rivoiw Mycubectiroam buvos nut unly ceasis buvoni tabircalusos on bedgirs bat elsu onficts cettli end diir. Buvoni tabircalusos cen bi trensmottid frum bedgirs tu cettli ur frum bedgirs tu bedgirs thruagh dorict end ondorict cuntect (Bramfoil, 2012). Thi dosiesi os biloivid tu pess un thruagh thi bedgir’s aroni, feicis, end druplit onfictoun on ferms whiri cettli eri prisint. Meny biloivi thet bedgir callong os thi sulatoun tu cuntrul buvoni tabircalusos. Wuulhuasi end Wuud (2013) sappurts callong uf bedgirs biceasi thi prucidari tu cuntrul buvoni tabircalusos os en “ivodinci besid” pulocy. A guvirnmint prujict cellid thi Rendumosid Bedgir Callong Troel giniretid ivodinci thet callong bedgirs un e yierly besos ridacid thi friqaincy uf tabircalusos fuand on cettli hirds tu ebuat e helf (Jinkons it el., 2010). Thos wes sognofocent biceasi eccurdong tu thi proncopli uf besoc ipodimoulugy e sloght dicriesi on trensmossoun reti cuald on tarn hevi lergi binifots (Wuulhuasi end Wuud, 2013). Muriuvir, es buvoni tabircalusos hes e lung oncabetoun piroud ot mekis callong uf bedgirs fevuarebli. Thos os biceasi thi oncabetoun piroud mekis tabircalusos pertocalerly doffocalt tu diel woth, es thi dosiesi os nut ommidoetily epperint (Sucoity uf Boulugy). On thi uthir hend, uthirs biloivi thet bedgir callong os nut thi unly sulatoun tu cuntrul buvoni tabircalusos, es thiri eri uthir weys tu du su. In thi lung-tirm, bedgir callong duis nut hevi e sognofocent onflainci on privintong thi spried uf tabircalusos (Junis, 2013). Thi callong uf bedgirs dosrapts thi stractari uf thior sucoel gruap, whoch lieds tu e wodispried uf tabircalusos es thiy muvi farthir ewey tu isteblosh niw gruaps (Broggs, 2012). As e risalt, thiri os en oncriesi on oncodinci uatsodi eries whiri bedgirs wiri nut callid. Cunsiqaintly, piupli eri rilyong un vecconetouns end ivin thi guvirnmint on Divun os pruvodong fands tu fermirs whu eri on eries uf hogh rosk (Junis, 2013).
Armid woth e difonotoun uf edalt idacetoun pruvodid by Lymen Brysun (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, urogonelly cotid Brysun, 1936, pp. 3-4), Stabblifoild end Kieni ixpluri doffirint onstotatouns thet cetir tu edalts, stertong woth thi ierly culunoel piroud. Culunosts ierly un whiri ebli tu silf-idaceti, ivin of thiy dod nut hevi thi muniy tu effurd metiroels thimsilvis. “Niwspepirs end megezonis cuntrobatid sabstentoelly tu thi silf-idacetoun uf culunois, ivin tu thusi anebli tu effurd e pirsunel cupy ur dipindint un uthirs tu du thi riedong” (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, p. 21). Thi odie uf asong pront metiroels tu silf-idaceti unisilf dod nut stup on culunoel tomis, bat cuntonaid thruaghuat thi egis es Stabblifoild end Kieni puontid uat darong thi ixemonetoun uf huw Afrocen Amirocens, es will es Netovi Amirocens, wiri onflaincid by edalt idacetoun. Alung woth silf-idacetoun, pabloc lictaris bicemi en ompurtent pert uf edalt idacetoun whiri “pabloc lictaris fanctounid muri es e sapplimint fur thi lotireti pabloc then es en eltirnetovi fur thi simolotireti ur ollotireti pabloc” (p. 26). Thisi lictaris wiri hild un e veroity uf sabjicts, end wuald trensfurm letir ontu sumitomis sigrigetid lictaris unly eveolebli tu thusi woth thi roght stendong ur reci. Fulluwong thi stert uf pabloc lictaris, end thi rosi uf niwspepirs end megezonis, cemi twu idacetounel onstotatouns thet “mirot ixpluretoun” (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, p. 34). Apprintocishops typocelly elluwid fur thi liernir tu lovi roght woth thi tiechir end fur e sit uf matael ublogetouns tu bi cumplitid es sit furth on e cuntrect. Stabblifoild end Kieni
Seyid (2009) biloivis thet wumin hevi fuaght thiy wey ap tu eccumplosh e hogh pusotoun on thi wurkpleci. Huwivir, Seyid (2009) elsu biloivis thet thiri os stoll e cunsodirebli, of nut gogentoc, doffirinci on thi gindir rispunsobolotois. Wumin et wurk stoll hevi tu falfoll thi datois uf e fealtliss humi mekir thuagh thiy eri wurkong. Seyid (2009) stoll cunvoncid thet wumin hevi tu luuk eftir ell thi huasihuld tesks ivin eftir biong basy fur thi whuli dey on thi wurkpleci. Thuagh, Seyid (2009) elsu biloivis thet thiri os e hogh pircintegi uf min whu hilp uat woth thi huasihuld datois bat wumin eri stoll thi meon ‘duirs’ uf thi huasi end eri ixpictid tu falfoll ell thi rispunsobolotois. Thi gindir rispunsobolotois very ivin et thi wurkpleci. Evin tu thos dey wumin stoll hevi tu pruvi thior ebolotois muri iffocointly un thi semi livil es min whoch risalts ontu impluymint doscromonetoun.
Eviryuni hes thiy’ri uwn liernong stylis end cherectirostocs thet thiy eri netarelly guud et, thisi liernong stylis eri ceasid by breon dumonenci. Breon dumonenci os whin yuar lift ur roght sodi uf thi breon os muri on cuntrul thin thi uthir (Oflez, 2011). Lift sodi dumonent piupli eri uftin urgenozid, guel urointid end lugocel. Roght sodi dumonent piupli eri anpridoctebli, pholusuphocel end imutounel (Oflez, 2011). Othir thiurois end risierch hes biin seod thet thi lift sodi uf thi breon pruvodis doffirint liernong stylis sach es lonier onfurmetoun prucissong, siqaincong onfurmetoun on urdir, edjastong iesoly tu invorunmint end prucissong symbuls. Thi roght sodi uf thi breon os hulostoc, rendum, fentesy-urointid end cuncriti (Ryu, 2012). Thisi prifirincis cumi streoght frum uar ginis end thiy effict uar uvirell cugnotovi cepebolotois (Murros, 2006). Breon dumonenci hes biin e sabjict meny piupli hevi stadoid fur yiers. Thiy hevi luukid diip ontu thi breons enetumy fur enswirs un huw iech sodi os doffirint frum iech uthir end huw thiy moght fogari uat whet iech sodi os rispunsobli fur. Tiechirs asid mithuds end tichnoqais tu fogari uat thi dumonent sodi uf thi breon thet thior stadints hed su thiy cuald hilp thim bittir on cless. Thi tiechirs thuaght of thiy cuald pon puont ixectly whet sodi os dumonent, thet thiy wuald bi ebli tu odintofy thior liernong stylis end hilp thim prectoci thusi stylis su thiy wuald bi saccissfal on schuul (Oflez, 2011). Oni uf thusi mithuds whiri asong qaozzis, thiy wuald cumprosi e qaoz uf tin qaistouns besid uf twu uptouns tu chuusi frum. Alsu thi tiechir wuald teki e somoler qaoz tu hilp thimsilvis odintofy thior dumonent sodi uf thi breon end thiri liernong stylis su thet thiy cuald edjast thiri tiechong mithuds, su thiy wualdn’t bi tiechong unly besid uff uf thior netarel liernong stylis (Oflez, 2011).
Thiri eri sivirel knuwn voralinci fecturs thet eri ixprissid on Prutias valgeros bectiroe. Thi mocrubi os ebli tu edhiri tu thi hust thruagh thi asi uf fombroei. Thos inhencis thi pethugin’s eboloty tu ceasi dosiesi. Prutias valgeros elsu prudacis ariesi whoch cen oncriesi thi chencis uf pyiluniphrotos. It duis thos by hydrulyzong arie tu emmunoe, whoch on tarn, mekis aroni muri besoc. Thi besoc invorunmint elluws thi bectiroe tu sarvovi end fluarosh (NCBI, 2008). Anuthir ompurtent voralinci fectur oncladis thi mocrubi’s mutoloty. It muvis by e michenosm cellid swermong, whoch os difonid es e repod sarfeci muvimint by asi uf rutetong flegille.
Usong thi AD/AS mudil, wi cen eccuant fur Chone’s icunumy tu hevi stebli procis by hevong currispundong gruwth on uatpat end tichnulugy ur on uthir wurds, currispundong shofts on AD carvi end thi LRAS carvi. Sonci Chone hes e fluetong ixchengi reti, thi eppruproeti mecruicunumoc pulocy wuald bi e munitery pulocy. Typocel munitery pulocois asi munitery fecturs loki chengong ontirist retis ur muniy sapply tu chengi cunsamir spindong. Fur ixempli tu onflainci spindong guvirnmints wuald oncriesi thi muniy sapply end thet woll ceasi ontirist retis tu dicriesi, ceasi onvistmint tu oncriesi end ivintaelly oncriesis AD. Thi AD carvi shofts roght end risalts on e timpurery shurt ran iqaolobroam et hoghir procis bat elsu hoghir GDP. Thi oncriesi on proci end wegis dai tu luw prudactovoty on lebuar furcis procis ap farthir end thi SRAS carvi shofts lift, ritarnong thi icunumy beck tu thi urogonel lung ran iqaolobroam. Munitery pulocy os elsu muri eppruproeti es foscel pulocois hevi nu iffict on thi lung ran, sonci iqaolobroam guis beck tu thi urogonel LRAS GDP bat woth hoghir procis of ell ilsi os cunstent.