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Threat of nuclear wars
Threat of nuclear wars
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Once it was known that a nuclear war was inevitable, the war council began crunching the numbers to see how many would survive in our fallout shelter. It was determined that only 6 out of the 12 suitable to live on will be chosen. It is with heavy heart that they must choose the best 6 to live, and condemn the leftover 6 to die. The war council chose the 36 Year-old female physician, the third year medical student, the 16 year-old pregnant female, the 30 year-old Catholic priest, the 38-year old male “Mr. Fix-it,” and the 22 year-old Army nurse and midwife. The 36 Year-old female physician was chosen strictly because of her medical profession and the fact that she is a female. It is unknown how many years of practice that she has, however the 8 years it takes to earn the MD degree should prove its weight in gold. In her notes they have down as a self proclaimed a racist, however it was not noted to which race she is racist towards. Given the fact that there will only be 6 people that will live, it is hoped that just as she spent 8 years to learn to be a physician, she can spend the ...
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by: Rebecca Skloot has a lot of themes, but one that is most relevant in my opinion is the racial politics of medicine. Throughout the chapters, there were examples of how Henrietta, being African American, prevented her from receiving the same treatment as the white woman sitting right next to her in the waiting room. The story begins with Henrietta going to Johns Hopkins Hospital and asking a physician to check a “knot on her womb.” Skloot describes that Henrietta had been having pain around that area for about a year, and talked about it with her family, but did not do anything until the pains got intolerable. The doctor near her house had checked if she had syphilis, but it came back negative, and he recommended her to go to John Hopkins, a known university hospital that was the only hospital in the area that would treat African American patients during the era of Jim Crow. It was a long commute, but they had no choice. Patient records detail some of her prior history and provide readers with background knowledge: Henrietta was one of ten siblings, having six or seven years of schooling, five children of her own, and a past of declining medical treatments. The odd thing was that she did not follow up on upcoming clinic visits. The tests discovered a purple lump on the cervix about the size of a nickel. Dr. Howard Jones took a sample around the tissue and sent it to the laboratory.
Even in the medical field, male doctors were dominate to the hundreds of well educated midwives. “Male physicians are easily identified in town records and even in Martha’s diary, by the title “Doctor.” No local woman can be discovered that way” (Ulrich, 1990, pg.61). Martha was a part of this demoralized group of laborers. Unfortunately for her, “in twentieth-century terms, the ability to prescribe and dispense medicine made Martha a physician, while practical knowledge of gargles, bandages, poultices and clisters, as well as willingness to give extended care, defined her as a nurse” (Ulrich, 1990, pg.58). In her diary she even portrays doctors, not midwives, as inconsequential in a few medical
Diane was a patient of Dr. Timothy Quill, who was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Diane overcame alcoholism and had vaginal cancer in her youth. She had been under his care for a period of 8 years, during which an intimate doctor-patient bond had been established. It was Dr. Quill’s observation that “she was an incredibly clear, at times brutally honest, thinker and communicator.” This observation became especially cogent after Diane heard of her diagnosis. Dr. Quill informed her of the diagnosis, and of the possible treatments. This series of treatments entailed multiple chemotherapy sessions, followed by a bone marrow transplant, accompanied by an array of ancillary treatments. At the end of this series of treatments, the survival rate was 25%, and it was further complicated in Diane’s case by the absence of a closely matched bone-marrow donor. Diane chose not to receive treatment, desiring to spend whatever time she had left outside of the hospital. Dr. Quill met with her several times to ensure that she didn’t change her mind, and he had Diane meet with a psychologist with whom she had met before. Then Diane complicated the case by informing Dr. Quill that she be able to control the time of her death, avoiding the loss of dignity and discomfort which would precede her death. Dr. Quinn informed her of the Hemlock Society, and shortly afterwards, Diane called Dr. Quinn with a request for barbiturates, complaining of insomnia. Dr. Quinn gave her the prescription and informed her how to use them to sleep, and the amount necessary to commit suicide. Diane called all of her friends to say goodbye, including Dr. Quinn, and took her life two days after they met.
People trust doctors to save lives. Everyday millions of Americans swallow pills prescribed by doctors to alleviate painful symptoms of conditions they may have. Others entrust their lives to doctors, with full trust that the doctors have the patient’s best interests in mind. In cases such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the Crownsville Hospital of the Negro Insane, and Joseph Mengele’s Research, doctors did not take care of the patients but instead focused on their self-interest. Rebecca Skloot, in her contemporary nonfiction novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, uses logos to reveal corruption in the medical field in order to protect individuals in the future.
According to Document A, there were 12,000 soldier in valley forge during December 1777. By February 1778 there were only 8,000 soldiers. From December to June 1,800 to 2,500 soldiers died. In December there were 2,898 soldiers sick and by February there were 3,989 soldiers sick. About 50% of soldiers were sick in February. They need help caring for the sick and dying. If I stayed I could help the sick and wounded instead of leaving all the fallen soldiers behind.
Dorothy Roberts is social justice advocate and law scholar who preaches the message that race-based medicine is bad medicine. She believes that doctors use race, instead of tests and observations, as a shortcut to give diagnoses. Her main argument is that there is only one race, the human race. In her Ted Talk, Roberts goes over statistics to explain why she thinks that race-based medicine is barbaric and shouldn’t be practiced.
The nuclear arms race was a race for nuclear dominance between the United States and the Soviet Union. It took place during the cold war. The definition of an arms race, made famous by nuclear arms race during the Cold War is a rapid increase in instruments of military power. A nuclear arms race is one where the instruments are nuclear weapons. The designs and testing of the first nuclear weapons during WWII by the US was called the Manhattan Project. The USSR was not officially informed about the Manhattan project until about 3 years later when Stalin was briefed at the Potsdam Conference on July 24 1945, this conference was 8 days after the first successful US test of nuclear weapons. They soon regretted telling the USSR from a fear that the USSR would inform German spies of the Manhattan Project or that the USSR would expect some insight on the technology of these weapons. In August 1945 a month after the Potsdam conference President Harry Truman ordered two bombs two be dropped on Japan, one hit Nagasaki and one hit Hiroshima. In the years after WWII the US had a monopoly on information about nuclear technology. Behind the scenes the USSR began work on their nuclear weapons but they were limited because of a lack of uranium. Then, the USSR discovered uranium in Eastern Europe which boosted their technology. nuclear experts predicted the Soviets would not have their first nuclear weapons until about 1955 but they detonated their first test nuclear weapon in 1949. The US tested their first hydrogen weapons at the Bikini Atoll in 1954. Both countries spent massives amounts on the quantity and quality of their weapons. For many decades the amounts of nuclear weapons and technology for the USSR and the US went back and forth. Curre...
What does the United States have to gain from a war with Iraq? Supporters of a war with Iraq say it will help prevent the risk of an attack by a weapons of mass destruction developed by Iraq. Critics of a military action that say nothing will be gained, and the U.S. just wants to obtain the oil that Iraq controls. They claim that casualties will be too costly for America to afford. Nonetheless, America should act while others will not for fear of disturbing global peace. Iraq poses a “clear and present danger” to the security of the United States and the security of countries around the world.
Rebecca Skloot’s novel, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, depicts the violation of medical ethics from the patient and researcher perspectives specifically when race, poverty, and lack of medical education are factors. The novel takes place in the southern United States in 1951. Henrietta Lacks is born in a poor rural town, Clover, but eventually moves to urban Turner Station. She was diagnosed and treated for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins hospital where cells was unknowingly taken from her and used for scientific research. Rebecca Skloot describes this when she writes, “But first—though no one had told Henrietta that TeLinde was collecting sample or asked she wanted to be a donor—Wharton picked up a sharp knife and shaved two dime-sized pieces of tissue from Henrietta's cervix: one from her tumor, and one from the healthy cervical tissue nearby. Then he placed the samples in a glass dish” (33). The simple act of taking cells, which the physicians did not even think twice about, caused decades
sent to find how far the Germans had come in the building of the atomic
11) Washington, Harriet A. Medical apartheid: The dark history of medica experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Random House LLC, 2006.
Throughout half the century of the 19’s hundreds a period of new advancements in the creations of a bomb had arisen. On August 8th, 1939 President Roosevelt received a letter from Albert Einstein which ended up being the fundamental support in the creation of the Atomic Bomb. There are two types of atomic bombs fusion and fission, the first atomic bomb was created in 1939 by the Manhattan Project, three weeks later after its first test, it was used in an actual war. It’s capable of wiping out a whole entire city and killing instantly anyone in its way. Now we have better more precise bomb know as hydrogen bombs, these bomb use the energy released when the nuclei of a hydrogen come together or fuse, unlike a fission bomb which gets its energy from when the nuclei of a heavy element such as plutonium or uranium splitting apart creating a chain reaction leading to a large explosion.
One downfall of the system is a lack of diversity in care providers. Evidence shows that 13% of the U.S. population is black, but only 4% of U.S. physicians are black [4]. Diversity in the health care workforce is important because minority doctors are more likely to practice in underserved areas treating minority patients [6], which increases access to a provider for these groups. Also, having diverse providers in the workplace is an organizational way to provide education to other providers who may not have been exposed to different cultures and beliefs, increasing awareness among all providers about the necessity to remain culturally sensitive [7]. However, the data shows that most medical school graduates continue to be white and the number of black men completing medical school has been trending downwards since 1997. This deficit in minority care providers can be attributed to a decreased ability for schools in areas with high populations of minorities to prepare students for college, a lack of federal support in such areas, and the financial inability for these students to pursue higher education [6]. As seen in Figure 2, by a very large margin, white medical school graduates are the majority (green) while black (purple), Hispanic (blue), and American Indian (red) graduates are greatly underrepresented [7]. Not only are there racial disparities in the distribution of medical students, but they also exist in medical school faculty. This is significant because it creates an environment in which black medical students lack a significant presence of role models in their educational setting. A study described in Ansell et al. showed that black faculty members were less likely to have been retained than any other group. They were also less likely to be promoted, to hold senior faculty or administrative positions, and
Since its origin in 1948, North Korea has been isolated and heavily armed, with hostile relations with South Korea and Western countries. It has developed a capability to produce short- and medium-range missiles, chemical weapons, and possibly biological and nuclear weapons. In December 2002, Pyongyang lifted the freeze on its plutonium-based nuclear weapons program and expelled IAEA inspectors who had been monitoring the freeze under the Agreed Framework of October 1994. As the Bush administration was arguing its case at the United Nations for disarming Iraq, the world has been hit with alarming news of a more menacing threat: North Korea has an advanced nuclear weapons program that, U.S. officials believe, has already produced one or two nuclear bombs. As the most recent standoff with North Korea over nuclear missile-testing approaches the decompression point, the United States needs to own up to a central truth: The region of Northeast Asia will never be fully secure until the communist dictatorship of North Korea passes from the scene. After threatening to test a new, long-range missile, Pyongyang says it is willing to negotiate with "the hostile nations" opposing it. But whether the North will actually forgo its test launch is anyone's guess. North Korea first became embroiled with nuclear politics during the Korean War. Although nuclear weapons were never used in Korea, American political leaders and military commanders threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Korean War on terms favorable to the United States. In 1958, the United States deployed nuclear weapons to South Korea for the first time, and the weapons remained there until President George Bush ordered their withdrawal in 1991. North Korean government stateme...
Mona Counts works in the village of Mt. Morris, Pennsylvania. It is a medically underserved area and a HPSA (health professional shortage area). The town has an extremely poor economic base and majority of Mona’s patient population are poverty level. Mona is not worried about the money and will tell a patient to come in for a check up, regardless of whether or not they have health care. One patient said, “she is old-fashioned, she talks to you and tells you what you nee...