The Internet
The Internet has an enormous impact on the American Experience. First, It encourages the growth of businesses by providing new ways of advertising products to a large audience, and thus helps companies to publicize their products. Secondly, It allows more Americans to find out what goes on in other countries by learning about other cultures and by exchanging their opinions and ideas with other people worldwide. This may well promote a better global understanding. Finally, by allowing people to access vast amounts of information easily, it will change how they make decisions and ultimately also their lifestyle.
The Internet is a high-speed worldwide computer network which evolved from the
Arpanet. The Arpanet was created by the Pentagon in the late 1969 as a network for academic and defense researchers. In 1983, the National Science Foundation took over the management of the Internet. Now the Internet is growing faster than any other telecommunications system ever built. It is estimated that in three years, the system will be used by over 100 million people (Cooke 61).
Since the World Wide Web (WWW or W3) became popular through point-and-click programs that made it easier for non-technical people to use the Internet, over
21,000 businesses and corporations have become accessible through the Internet
(Baig 81). These companies range from corporate giants like IBM, AT&T, Ford and
J.C. Penny, to small law firms. "With the Internet, the whole globe is one marketplace and the Internet's information-rich WWW pages can help companies reach new customers," says Bill Washburn, former executive director of
Commercial Internet Exchange (Baig 81).
Through the Internet, new opportunities to save money are created for companies.
One of the bigger savings is the cost of transmission. It is estimated that the administrative cost of trade between companies in the U.S. amounts to $250 billion a year (Liosa 160). Sending an ordinary one-page e-mail message from
New York to California via the Internet costs about a penny and a half, vs. 32 cents for a letter and $2 for a fax (Liosa 158).
Hale & Dorr for example, a Boston based law firm, uses the Internet to its advantage. If a client company requests a contract for a foreign distributor, it can send electronic mail over the Internet to a Hale & Dorr computer, where a draft document will b...
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...et is having a major influence on America. Its successor in the near future, the Information Superhighway will continue to do so for a long time as well. By creating new ways of publicizing products and helping businesses, the
Internet has strengthened and reinforced the U.S. economy. It also promotes a better global understanding by allowing millions of Americans to communicate with other people on an international level because it provides a constant flow of instant, unbiased information for everyone at any time, anywhere. The ability to obtain information quickly and easily will become very essential in the future, now that America is entering the information age. The Information
Superhighway, once built, promises a good start into the new era.
Bibliography
Eddings, Joshua. How the Internet Works. California: Ziff-Davis Press, 1994.
Cooke, Kevin. "The whole world is talking." Nation. July 12, 1993: 60-65.
Verity, John. "The Internet." Business Week. November 14, 1994: 80-88.
Silverstein, Ken. "Paving the Infoway." Scholastic Update. September 2, 1994:
8-10. Liosa, Patty. "Boom time on the new frontier." Fortune. Autumn93, 1993:
153-161.
With the launch of Sputnik in 1957 the U.S. became aware of the growing threat to National Security and Intelligence. In February 1958, by order of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), a division of the Department of Defense (DoD) was established. Then on February 7, 1958 DoD Directive 5105.15 was signed (Darpa web site, 2014). Its primary purpose was to maintain U.S technological superiority over potential adversaries and to develop new technology for the United States military (Mallia, 2013). With ARPAs increased responsibilities and fast pace environment the agency need a better way to stay connected and share “packets” of information. The agency started to experiment with inter-office connections. In late 1969 those efforts paid off and the first “Advanced Research Projects ...
...s per gallon. Carpooling also saves fuel not to mention your wallet. If you have empty seats in your vehicle, carpool with co-workers and alternate who drives and who pays for gas.
Hauben, M. (2009, 3 6). History of ARPANET. Retrieved 3 9, 2012, from Bandwidthco Computer Security: http://66.14.166.45/history/network/History of ARPANET.pdf
millions of commuters to commute from one place to another in fast pace. Investments in
In 1968 ARPA awarded the ARPANET contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed in 1969, linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits.
As time went on, work started on something that would ultimately change the world. A group of engineers were sanctioned by the U.S. Government and started working on a series of networked computers that would be used by the military to send and store secret information between bases. Originally there were only four computers connected to different research labs around the country. But that quickly expanded as they found solutions such as TCP/IP to help standardize on how data would be delivered from client to server. The name of this project was called ARPAnet and stands for the Advanced Research Project Agency which was a branch of the military that worked on secret systems during the cold war. ARPAnet was essentially the grandfather of the Internet and helped t...
- Economic cost: A probelm for many things, money also bars the way for moving orcha...
and is especially popular among eBay customers. Fig.1 briefly illustrates Company’s business. The system enables its
In 1975 ARPANET was transformed by the Defense Communication Agency to make secure connections among the different military branches, which became known as MILNET. ARPANET then became dedicated to research factors and was renamed the Internet and in the 1980’s the Defense Department wanted to commercialize the Internet and there for financed computer manufacturers. By the 1990’s most computers had netwo...
In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the "Internet." The system of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). (I got my information for the history of the internet at www.isoc.org In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet. With its 45 megabit per second facilities, the NSFNET carries on the order of 12 billion packets per month between the networks it links. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Department of Energy contributed additional backbone facilities in the form of the NSINET and ESNET respectively. In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networks. Commercial network providers in the U.S. and Europe are beginning to offer Internet backbone and access support on a competitive basis to any interested parties.
The Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) wanted to install an advanced network based on the principles in the US. The network was called ARPANET and consisted of four high speed computers (nodes). In 1969, the first node was installed in UCLA. By 1971 there were 23 nodes on ARPANET.
By more number of individuals utilizing one vehicle, carpooling decreases every individual's travel cost, for example, fuel cost, tolls, and the anxiety of driving. Notwithstanding the cash sparing by utilizing less gas, a few urban communities have started programs that remunerate carpoolers with money. The Clean Air Campaign, situated in Georgia, rouses carpooling with cash and prizes.
The Internet has undergone a remarkable transformation since its early days. The original Internet was a low-speed, text-based network used to connect a few government sites to the research and defense contracting community. The Department of Defense began a project known as ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) back in the late 1960's, starting the first internet. It was designed by the network architects to interconnect government computers with defense contractors (Banta 2). The design of the network was such that no one computer system was dependent upon the functioning of any of the other computer systems. If any one computer network node was destroyed, such as in a nuclear attack, the rest of the network would continue to operate (Banta 2).
Using the internet to send email is now common place within the business world. There are 144.8 billion emails sent daily around the globe, but only 14% of these are deemed important (2012, mashable.com). Text based documents can be sent instantly within an organisation or to a company on the other side of the globe. This is much quicker than posting it in the letter box and waiting for return mail. Thes...
Communication--it is a fundamental part of our everyday lives. It characterizes who we are, what we do, and how we relate to others in society. It is a very powerful tool that holds many different uses for our basic needs and survival. At a very simplistic level, it is key in attaining our very basic needs for survival. In that respect, it is key in achieving all needs in Maslows hierarchy. Its uses and possibilities endless.