Middle Age Economy
The economy mostly seen in the early middle ages was feudalism, Europe’s form of government
in the Middle Ages, was developed in the fifth century to meet the changing needs of the time. It
was based heavily on the honor system. The king had overall power, then the lord, then the
vassals, or landowners, and finally down to the peasants, known then as the villeins. The fiefs, or
estates, could be rented out to one vassal who would then rent portions of the fief to three more,
and so on. Each person would give their peer a fee (called the guild) and goods in return for
protection. As an old medieval saying states, "No land without the lord, no lord without the
land." The system became outdated in the 1400s.
During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Europe enjoyed an economic and
agricultural boom. A slight warming of the climate and improved agricultural techniques allowed
lands that had previously been marginal or even infertile to become fully productive. In the late
twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, however, the climate once again began to cool and
agricultural innovations could not maintain the productivity of frontier lands that again became
marginal or were abandoned entirely. The decreased agricultural output could no longer support
the same level of economic activity and, as early as the middle of the thirteenth century, the
economy was beginning to weaken. By early in the fourteenth century and continuing well into
that century, a declining population, shrinking markets, a decrease in arable land and a general
mood of pessimism were evidence of deteriorating economic conditions. This trend was far from
universal and it was certainly less severe in northern Italy. Also, north of the Alps, some
communities quickly rebounded and thrived on their commercial and manufacturing ventures.
Coventry, England, for example, flourished with its woolen cloth industry while Bruges, in
modern-day Belgium, was one of the major commercial centers of the North. In the early
fourteenth century, Florence's textile industry and banking catapulted the city-state into the
forefront of European enterprise and, eventually, into the Italian Renaissance. Significant private
international banking and commercial ventures provided the found...
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... farmers, manorialism came to an end. In the cities of
Europe, urban populations tended to recover more quickly from the plague than rural
communities. This led to large migrations into cities after plague outbreaks but many of these
immigrants remained unemployed. The gap between the rich and the poor widened as the elite
closed ranks to protect their holdings and positions. Close-knit and exclusive guilds were
organized by occupation to regulate workers and eliminate outside competition.
Attempts by the nobility and mercantile elite to legislate the wages and services of the
peasantry and to protect their market monopolies led to violent revolts that were often ruthlessly
suppressed. The French Jaquerie of 1358 was followed by the Florentine Ciompi revolt in 1378
and the English peasant’s revolt in 1381. Similar popular uprisings occurred in Germany, Spain
and the Netherlands. Still, the ruling classes managed to maintain their power. Slowly, the
economy began to recover from the devastations of the late 1300's and early 1400's, and by 1500,
the economic crisis had passed, setting the stage for the flourishing of the Renaissance.
Politically, in the 1400's parts of Europe had a feudalistic government and some, feudal monarchies but overtime Europe adapted to absolute monarchies, parliamentary monarchies, and nation-states. The dominant social system in Medieval Europe was feudalism, in which the nobility held land in exchange for military service, and vassals were tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were to live on their lord's land and give him labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection. However, the age of Enlightenment and the French Revolution affected Europe and brought new political changes. Before the Enlightenment, there were feudal systems, and most people lived in small villages and were ruled by feudal lords. Eventually there were new thinkers like John Locke and Isaac Newton. These individuals were about reason, logic, and the scientific method. John Locke, as one example, is an enlightenment age thinker and his ideas influenced the Founding Fathers, the ideas of democracy, liberty and free will. The French Revolution is also important, a period of political upheaval that affected France in which s...
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We will give Hobbes’ view of human nature as he describes it in Chapter 13 of Leviathan. We will then give an argument for placing a clarifying layer above the Hobbesian view in order to account for acts of altruism.
2. The effects of dental anxiety and irregular attendance on referral for dental treatment under sedation within the National Health Service in London. Milgrom P, Newton JT, Boyle C, Heaton LJ, Donaldson N.
Feudalism in England was based on a pyramid of power. The Normans split up the English
The man and woman both appeared to be in their early-20’s and were sitting across from each other at a table. They were engaging with each other, but there were some awkward pauses. From their interaction, the final impression I made on them was that they were potential dates. The man tried his best to maintain eye contact for longer periods with the woman, but it proved difficult for him. He would look at her and then look down at the table throughout their conversation. The man was fidgeting with his clothing slightly, and he wiped his palms against his pants at one point. His facial expressions indicated that he was having an enjoyable time, even though he looked a little serious from his nervous behavior. As for the woman, her body language was mostly relaxed. She would maintain eye contact with him, and would smile at him. Even though it was not as obvious as him, she seemed slightly nervous because she licked her lips a few times and was touching her hair. From the cues, both appeared to be attracted to each other and were interested in the conversation. Their body positions were open and did not indicate signs of boredom or unpleasantness. Their date appeared to be going well, as they left in smiles together afterwards. For the last scenario, I was in the library doing homework and there was a pair of college student males working on an assignment together. They were sitting next to each other, but
Werner Heisenberg, born in the dawn of the twentieth century became one of its greatest physicists; he is also among its most controversial.
The Medieval Times for Europe, from the 400 AD till 1400 AD, are often labeled as “The Dark Ages”. This time period has begun after a turning point known as Fall of Rome. It caused Rome to divide into two well-known civilizations: Medieval Europe, Islam, and The Byzantine Empire. Also, Medieval Europe led to a well known utopian period of “rebirth” identified as the Renaissance. The time period between 400 CE and 1400 CE wasn’t a “Dark Age” for Europe because of progress in academic success, blossom in architecture, and religious unity along with government. It wasn’t a cultural decay or decline because of the legendary time period it led to.
The desire for self-preservation creates an inherent competitiveness throughout the state of nature, one that drives the feelings of distrust and fear, and perpetuates the glory-seeking nature of all men. Even if a person seems like he or she is performing a good deed for someone else, their purpose is not to aid another, it is self-serving in the sense that it will make him or her feel and look good. Like Locke, Hobbes also believes that all men are equal, not because they were born equal, but because they can kill each other, which makes no one life worth more than another. These drastically different idea’s of human nature result in two distinct theories of the state of nature.
Sedation dentistry, alternatively called relaxation dentistry or oral sedation dentistry, is a process of delivering oral medication or a combination of medications in order to induce a heightened state of relaxation. Sedation dentistry puts the patient at ease, reduces or eliminates fears, relaxes both the mind and the body, and often produces moderate amnesia of the subsequent dental work performed. It is estimated that one in seven people harbor deep phobic fears of dentistry. For many, those fears keep them from stepping inside a dentist's office, sometimes for years and to the detriment of their quality of life. Sedation dentistry is often seen as the answer to their prayers, not only because it delivers pain-free dentistry but because
Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist and one of the most important key people involved with quantum mechanics. He was born on December 5, 1901 in Würzburg, Germany. He lived with his father Dr. August Heisenberg and his wife Annie Wecklein. His father was a professor of middle and Modern Greek languages at the University of Munich. Because of his father’s success, this is what inspired him to work harder and find solutions to physics and atomic theory. Heisenberg attended a school in Munich until the year 1920. He went to school to study physics, later on got his Ph.D., and then got a job as an assistant for Max Born. In 1941, he was given professor of physics at the University of Berlin. When Heisenberg was only 23 years old, he discovered
Physical education must be mandatory for students all over the world. It provides many conveniences for children later in life. Sports in school encourage kids to play more outside of school and from there, their health increases. Unquestionably, physical education improves kids’
Werner Heisenberg was the first to realize that certain pairs of measurements have an intrinsic uncertainty associated with them. For instance, if you have a very good idea of where something is located, then, to a certain degree, you must have a poor idea of how fast it is moving or in what direction. We don't notice this in everyday life because any inherent uncertainty from Heisenberg's principle is well within the acceptable accuracy we desire. For example, you may see a parked car and think you know exactly where it is and exactly how fast it is moving. But would you really know those things exactly? If you were to measure the position of the car to an accuracy of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter, you would be trying to measure the positions of the individual atoms which make up the car, and those atoms would be jiggling around just because the temperature of the car was above absolute zero!
In this essay, the role and benefits of Physical Education and School Sport will be identified from in and outside the school curriculum. The benefits that pupils have gained from the national school curriculum, what has changed from the past to present day in schools and how it has affected Physical Education in School Sport will be discussed. Also, mental and physical health benefits that occur from Physical Education will be mentioned in this essay along with what the teaching standards were like and how Physical education has changed such as different teaching ways.
“Physical education plays a critical role in educating the whole student. Research supports the importance of movement in educating both mind and body. Physical education contributes directly to development of physical competence and fitness. It also helps students to make informed choices and understand the value of leading a physically active lifestyle. The benefits of physical education can affect both academic learning and physical activity patterns of students. The healthy, physically active student is more likely to be academically motivated, alert, and successful. … Throughout the school years, quality physical education can promote social, cooperative and problem solving competencies. Quality physical education programs in our