Kant describes the categorical imperative as “expressed by an ought and thereby indicate the relation of an objective law of reason to a will that is not necessarily determined by this law because of its subjective constitution.” In other words, a categorical impetrative is a command of morality that applies everywhere at all times no matter what, without exception. Kant describes two forms of imperatives, hypothetical and categorical.
Kant defines the hypothetical imperative as “an action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual.” The hypothetical imperative that Kant describes is a situation that prescribes an action as a means to get a particular end. In this imperative, inclination is allowed to play a role in your motives. It states action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. Rational human beings may use appropriate means and ends that are based needs or wants. It is these actions that Kant considers to be hypothetical imperatives.
Next, when Kant defines the categorical imperative he states that, “the action is represented as good in itself, and hence as necessary in a will which of itself conforms to reason as the principle of the will.” He is generally saying that a categorical imperative is an ends that is a means only to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. The categorical imperative may be based on an “end in itself.” Duties can be classified under categorica...
Net working capital represents organization’s operating liquidity. In order to compute the net working capital, total current assets are divided from total current liabilities. When there is sufficient excess of current assets over current liabilities, an organization might be considered sufficiently liquid. Another ratio that helps in assessing the operating liquidity of as company is a current ratio. The ratio is calculated by dividing the total current assets over total current liabilities. When the current ratio is high, the organization has enough of current assets to pay for the liabilities. Yet, another mean of calculating the organization’s debt-paying ability is the debt ratio. To calculate the ratio, total liabilities are divided by total assets. The computation gives information on what proportion of organization’s assets is financed by a debt, and what is the entity’s ability to pay for current and long term liabilities. Lower debt ratio is better, because the low liabilities require low debt payments. To be able to lend money, an organization’s current ratio has to fall above a certain level, also the debt ratio cannot rise above a certain threshold. Otherwise, the entity will not be able to lend money or will have to pay high penalties. The following steps can be undertaken by a company to keep the debt ratio within normal
The financial challenges facing the company in the working capital management simulation showed how companies are able to play a balancing act with incoming and outgoing cash flow floats. Companies can juggle cash flows by withholding payments to retain capital or negotiate with companies that withhold payments to receive an incoming cash flow. Either way, keeping as much cash to fund operations with out heavy financial leveraging was the greatest challenge. Another juggling act was to keep management and business partners happy. The decisions made were not always positive for everyone.
“The ordinary man needs philosophy because the claims of pleasure tempt him to become a self-deceiver and to argue sophistically against what appear to be the harsh demands of morality. This gives rise to what Kant calls a natural dialectic—a tendency to indulge in plausible arguments which contradict one another, and in this way to undermine the claims of duty. This may be disastrous to morality in practice, so disastrous that in the end ordinary human reason is to be found only in philosophy, and in particular in a critique of practical reason, which will trace our moral principle to its source in reason itself.”
Google defines Categorical Imperative as “(in Kantian ethics) an unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person 's inclination or purpose.” (Google) Thus, there is no middle ground on morals nor is there ever a situation to where one should commit a moral wrong doing. Immanuel Kant had strong views regarding Categorical Imperative and believed that universal law applies to all. He also believes there cannot be any exceptions to this rule, or it becomes right for all to live by the exception. Although Kant presents a strong argument on the topic of lying, he overlooks key elements that vastly flaw his thinking.
Kant argued that the Categorical Imperative (CI) was the test for morally permissible actions. The CI states: I must act in such a way that I can will that my maxim should become a universal law. Maxims which fail to pass the CI do so because they lead to a contradiction or impossibility. Kant believes this imperative stems from the rationality of the will itself, and thus it is necessary regardless of the particular ends of an individual; the CI is an innate constituent of being a rational individual. As a result, failure ...
The categorical imperative is an idea used to redefine ideas of morality (Kant 30). Morality is a priori; it is what we ought to do or ought not to do regarding an action (Hromas). "We know killing is wrong so we ought not to do it; we know this without experience" (Hromas). Morality is when everyone follows moral actions in agreement with the moral law and an action is not performed with a desire to feel a certain way (Kant’s Ethics). Immorality is when everyone follows the law except for one person (Hromas). Kant provides the example of a shopkeeper. The shopkeeper is to keep a fixed price for everyone so that the inexperienced shoppers do not get taken advantage of, such as a child (Kant 13). However, this action was done by the shopkeeper "for a self-interested purpose" (Kant 13). If the shop keeper did not keep a fixed price for everyone then word would spread about his not being fair to all customers and therefore no one will go into his store and he will go out of business. Another example is a street vendor in New York City. I am given a hotdog by a street vendor and am told it cost three dollars, but I only have one dollar and the vendor still sells me the hotdog for one dollar. A woman behind me asks for a hotdog and the vendor charges her three dollars. This vendor is not being fair to all of his customers because the woman and I both bought the same item but paid different amounts. I will come back to this street vendor but I am sure the woman will not. The vendor sold me the hotdog for one dollar because he wanted to receive some kind of payment for the food already in my hand and thus it was in his best interest to receive less
For many years, the philosopher Immanuel Kant has argued for the existence of categorical imperatives. He defines categorical imperatives as rules that must be followed regardless of external circumstances, and that have content that is sufficient enough in and of itself to provide an agent with reason to act in a certain way. He is certain that moral rules fall under this label, and since his death, many of his followers have fought to support this claim.
Kant is most famous for advocating a philosophy that contains what Kant referred to as the "categorical imperative." The categorical imperative is something that, in a situation with moral choices, must be followed regardless of the consequences or any other competing points of view, and is something, that if true, we would will that it be made into a universal law. In other words, a categorical imperative is a moral rule that applies to everyone regardless of any other situation that might call for a different application. Among the many associations with the categorical imperative is one that states that an action, if it is to be absolutely moral, must not depend on the consequences of the action, because consequences always involve some emotional context, and emotions cannot play a part in an absolutely moral choice. The categorical imperative is one that is universal. Morality, then, is a condition in which actions always-- as opposed to situational ethics, in which the moral choice depends upon the situation-- conform to the universal imperative.
Real-world events is probably the more significant of the group; using a risk management program allows decision makers access to critical information related to potential outcomes of an event/incident. The decision makers use the information to exam the most appropriate and lower risk approach to an event/incident. The NIPP risk management program used the risk management for three specific threats, physical, cyber, and human to protect CIKRs (U.S. DHS 2009, p.33). When risk management is implemented correctly and all areas assessed thoroughly, it can produce the best course of action to protect homeland security infrastructure over a larger area through the cooperation of and between the different NIPP established sectors. Exercise planning and risk management work well together exercises also provide feedback for risk management for real-word events. Exercising the possibilities of an incident/event provide a realistic basis for establishing certain understanding of an incident without the high risk associated with a real-world
Kant is a giant of the philosophy world. The three statements of the categorical imperative were some of Kant’s most important words. btannica.com says a categorical imperative is, “a moral law that is unconditional or absolute for all agents, the validity or claim of which does not depend on any ulterior motive or end” (britannica.com Categorical imperative par. 1). In other words, a categorical imperative is a moral “you ought to do this” no matter the circumstances. Let’s examine the 3 versions of the categorical imperative.
Since categorical imperative is based on the idea of universal maxims and free will of all the individuals who must act according to the rule that one should only act as if one would like to his action become a universal law itself. Therefore, Kant’s categorical imperative is not a subjective position.
Many organizations have maximized the use of cash on hand by effective cash management techniques and the use of short-term financing. This paper will discuss various cash management techniques and short-term financing methods used by organizations.
“For example, if the organisation decide to expand, fixed costs will definitely increase. Sometimes, organisations decide to reduce certain fixed costs to improve their cash flow, by moving to a less expensive workplace or reducing the number of employees”.
Contamination of food is the key factor that is responsible for food poisoning. These can happen anywhere be it restaurants, picnics and even at home when foods are prepared in unhygienic places and in an unhygienic manner. The causes of food poisoning can be broadly divided into two categories:
If there is sufficient working capital than we can assume that it has sound financial position and if the business is under trading than there will be increment in liquid assets which shows that the funds are not been utilized and kept ideal.