Rational Decision-Making Model
Most individuals are faced with situations that necessitate excellent decision-making abilities. Determining the suitable course of action to take when faced with a difficult dilemma can be a challenge. Due to the importance of the decision-making process, decision-making models can be used to establish a systematic means of developing effective decision making. One of the models has been called the "rational model" of decision making (Stoner & Freeman, 1989). The steps laid forth below are listed as the seven steps of the rational model.
The first step of the rational decision-making model is to define the problem, the need, or the opportunity. Although this may seem either petty or apparent, quite often it is neither. Many of us have had the experience of essentially wasting days and weeks working to solve a problem and then finding out that various members of the group had different definitions of the problem leading to significantly different assumptions about the process. Everyone involved in the decision must have the same frame of reference in terms of the problem, the need, or the opportunity. It may even help to generate a formal problem statement.
The second step in the process is to generate all possible solutions. This involves active searches for information and alternatives. Group process techniques such as brainstorming and assigning someone to play "Devil's Advocate" are fre...
In everyday real life situations, one keeps on making various decisions depending on a number of factors. Thus, decision-making is an integral tool in human life, and one cannot avoid it. In view of this, experts report that individuals make use of varying decision-making models to arrive at a decision that suits them. Here, the writer presents four decision-making models, namely the classical, behavioral, satisficing, and optimizing models.
This step depends on defining the right problem at the beginning of the process too create usable alternative to the objectives that will be used to make a decision. Identifying as many alternatives as possible will offer a wide range of possible solutions that can be used to make a decision. The alternatives selected should be the ones that will enable the decision made to achieve the objectives of the decision problem. Joan’s next step in the PrOACT decision making model is to understand the consequences and repercussion of every alternative identified. When she reaches this point of the PrOACT decision making model Joan can map the alternatives she selected for the objectives statement for her decision problem. At this point Joan can use decision matrix to identify the best alternative that can be used to accomplish the objectives of the problems she identified. The final step in Joan’s PrOACT decision making model is wrestling with trade-offs equalizing some alternative in order to apply the same weight when used in the decision making process. This is not a complex process but identifying similar items or process that can be weighted equally should be used when making trade-offs. This step involves identifying what will be given up by choosing one alternative comparatively to what will be given up by choosing another alternative for the decision that is being made.
The essay Junking Junk Food by Judith Warner, brings to the audience 's attention the wicked problem of how there has been a decline in Americans health. Warner’s information speaks loudly about the effects of the government trying to limit types and amount of food we consume as a nation. The Obama administration tried to enforce a healthy lifestyle among the citizens by focusing on the youth and taking away sugar options for them. These efforts by the administration are being mocked by Warner because without the government controlling what we eat, we cannot make the proper decisions ourselves. Majority of Americans today are either obese or overweight and the best way to change Americans is by attitudes and culturally. The 78 million adults
Before embarking upon this assignment, I never thought much about "Decision-Making Models." In fact, I was somewhat surprised at the sheer number of models I stumbled upon in my research. A quick look at Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making) shows that, for business applications alone, there are well over a dozen decision-making models to suit any need. Without being cognizant of the fact, the decision-making process at my current work site closely resembles the "Pros & Cons Model."
There are two ways in which people make decisions in their daily life or at work: Intuitive or rational. If we talk about intuitive decision-making (IDM) we talk about the subjective decisions that are not based on any facts and purely instinctive, for example whether or not to cross the street. These decisions are fast occurring, have no any need for reasoning and are used if facts are unavailable or making a decision is very difficult.
Make the decision through the integration of ideas and data, and negotiation and prioritization of ideas
The closest relative to the human species, the chimpanzee, remains severely threatened by human encroachment thus receiving the classification of endangered. These threats to the chimpanzee population, linked to human encroachment on native lands, caused a sharp decline in population and continue to produce dwindling numbers today. The lack of governmental action and knowledge of the public highlight the main areas of neglect for this endangered species. Action must follow to prevent the total eradication of these unique and crucial mammals to the ecosystem. Threats to the chimpanzees including habitat loss, disease, poaching must diminish due to government passage of regulatory and restrictive laws. Human influence greatly diminishes the chimpanzee population;
One common activity to all managers is making decisions, this process of choosing a course of action among different alternatives. Whom to hire? Where to expand? Should we grow? All decisions do not have the same weight but each of them has a unique set of factors which need to be evaluated. Then how to make the right decision? Decision-making is a field of great interest in areas such as psychology, management, neuroscience, robotics and even economics, and there are countless models and software for simulating the human mind. Even though the decision-making process depends on the importance of the decision, it exists also many theories regarding these daily activities. Among them, some catch our attention such as the rational decision making
In fact, there are many major studies that have occurred to attempt to understand the complexity of the sibling bond, and the conflicts that can occur within them. When these conflicts are ongoing throughout a long span of time, the individuals involved can be affected mentally, and can even lead to them making out-of-character decisions in their future. An interviewer from Psychology Today interviewed multiple adult siblings, many of which had experienced a major divide between them. When asked about their childhood, the individuals become “very analytical” and start “piecing together all that went wrong between them, thereby detailing the impossibility of ever finding common ground”
In an article entitled “Theoretical Perspectives on Sibling Relationships,” Shawn D. Whiteman, Susan M. McHale, and Anna Soli attempt to initiate and promote observations on the significant lifespan effects stemming from sibling relationships.
“And thus, the actions of life often not allowing any delay, it is a truth very certain that, when it is not in our power to determine the most true opinions we ought to follow the most probable” (René Descartes). Much of a manager’s day-to-day work involves solving problems and making decisions. To assist in decision-making they often use a management theory approach to reach their goals. The Rational Choice Theory is a decision-making theory that uses an analytical approach, suggesting that using systematically and logic approaches in decision-making, weighing the risk against the benefits, will help best in achieving a desired objective (Ogu, 2013). The Rational Choice Theory often criticized for being unethical and based on probabilities.
Decision making is the process of considering alternatives and choosing among them. Some Psychologists and Scientists who study Decision making states that humans make decisions by thoroughly examine all alternatives and then choose the one that will be most beneficial to them. In 1956 Herbert Simon introduced the notion of bounded rationality. Bounded rationality means that boundaries, or limitations, around the decision making process prevent it from being logical. More often we base our decisions on strategies and educated guesses (Wood, Wood, Boyd 2013).
This paper will focus on the Rational Model for decision-making. The first section will describe the Rational Model for decision-making. It will identify all the steps of the Rational Model and what they entail. The second section will detail a recent job-related issue I was involved with. I will discuss the issue and show how the Rational Model of decision-making was effectively utilized to reach a decision.
Anyone with siblings can easily agree that they are both a blessing and a curse. Siblings are always there for one another, they give great advice, they share their belongings, and they are forever friends. Despite all the good, siblings also come with some bad. Siblings annoy people, embarrass others, they take each other’s belongings without permission, they pick on each other, they get each other in trouble, and they are overly competitive. Not every sibling acts all the previous ways, each sibling holds a certain set of characteristics. Scientists and psychologists believe that a child's behavior and personality traits are determined by the order in which they were born in. There are several types of siblings based on personality traits,
Decision-making is an indispensable facet of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager's major job is rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of the manager's activities. Decisions are important as they determine both management and organizational actions. A decision may be defined as “a course of action which is consciously chosen from among a set of alternatives to achieve a desired result.” It represents a well-balanced judgment and a commitment to action. It is justly supposed that the first important function of management is to get decisions on problems and spots.