Phonics and Whole Language
A great debate whether the phonetic approach or whole language approach should be used in the classroom has been occurring since the early nineteen thirties, and there has not been a definite decision on which approach should be used to teach in the classroom. To understand this debate, one must first understand the differences between whole language and phonics learning.
The Definition of Phonics
Many people are confused by the term phonics, because the term can literally have two meanings. As Miriam Balmuth explains, “in the historically earlier sense, the phonics of written language are the letters and spelling patterns of that language’s alphabet and the speech sounds they represent—put very simply, the sounds that the letters make (Balmuth, 1982). This explains the fact that many different written languages have different phonics systems. Some letters are used the same in different languages, but the letters are assigned different speech sounds. The second definition of the term phonics is what most people attribute to the word. The historically more recent definition of phonics refers to a technique of reading instruction (Balmuth, 1982). According to Charles Fries, “Phonics in this sense means the practices in the teaching of reading that have aimed at matching individual letters of the alphabet with specific sounds of English pronunciation (Fries, 1963). The first definition might date back further than the second, but both are used in the instructional reading techniques today.
The Definition of Whole Language
The whole word approach has been often referred to as the “look and say” approach, and has dated back to the eighteen hundreds. Balmuth defines the whole word approach as “an approach that consists of first presenting a block of written language, rather than single letters, and then breaking down the clock into its components (Balmuth, 1982). Whole language is a process that teaches children to guess at words by looking at pictures on a page, memorizing a few words, and skipping over words that are not familiar. A familiar form of the whole language approach is illustrated in the books of “Dick and Jane” by publisher Scott Foresman (Chall, 1983). These books were brought about by the publisher sending out slick salesman to every school district to demonstrate how easily children could be ta...
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...iography:
1. Balmuth, Miriam. (1982), The Roots of Phonics: A historical Introduction. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
2. Chall, Jeanne. (1983), The Great Debate. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3. Cunningham, A.E., Explicit Instruction In Phonological Awareness, The Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, 1990, v. 50, pp. 434-435.
4. Fries, Charles C. (1963) Linguistics and Reading. New York: Holt, Reinhart, and
Winston.
5. Hayes, R.B., Three Approaches to Beginning Reading, the Reading Teacher, 1976, v. 20, p. 694
6. McKewon, M.G., Learning Vocabulary: Different Ways for Different Goals, Open Publishing, 1988, pp. 42-43
7. Peterson, O. Program for Stimulating Phonological Awareness in Preschool Children, Reading Research Quarterly, 1988, v. 23, pp. 265-268
8. Vail, Priscilla. (1991), Common Ground: Whole Language and Phonics Working Together, New Jersey: Modern Learning Press
Articles
1. Holgate, Karen. (1998) Phonics vs. Whole Language: What’s the Big Deal?
2. Schafly, Phyllis. (1996) The Phyllis Schafly Report. Vol. 29, No. 12, July 1996.
3. Unknown. Right to Read Report. Nov/Dec, ’94
Phonemic Awareness and Alphabetic Principle in addition to Phonics and Decoding Skills provide students with early skills of understanding letters and words in order to build their reading and writing skills. Students will need to recognize how letters make a sound in order to form a word. While each word has a different meaning to be to format sentences. While reading strategies for Reading Assessment and Instruction, I was able to find three strategies for Phonemic Awareness and three strategies for Alphabetic Principles which will provide advantage for the student in my research and classroom settings.
Practicing Systematic Synthetic Phonics helps to develop early reading in a number of different ways; Ehri (1988) suggested that there were four main ways in which a reader might recognise an unknown w...
The novel, The Sun also Rises, was written by Ernest Hemingway and published in 1926. It tells a story of the 1920s, also known as the Lost Generation. World War I affects all of the characters in this book and plays a large role in their love lives. In Ernest Hemingway’s novel, Lady Brett Ashley is an attractive woman who uses her beauty as advantage towards men. Brett is involved in many different affairs and has many different relationships. Mike Campbell, Pedro Romero, Robert Cohn, and the most Jake Barnes. Brett is very powerful in these relationships, causing them to be very destructive to both Brett and the men. A group of American and British citizens travel from Paris to the festival of San Fermin in Pamplona, Spain, where their true characters are exposed through their drunken interactions. Throughout this novel, love is a major theme that is constantly affecting all of the characters involved.
The FLaRE (Florida Literacy and Reading Excellence) Center has published a professional paper entitled “Phonemic Awareness” of which I will be presenting a critical review. Phonemic awareness is one of the five essential components of reading identified by the National reading Panel (Learning Point Associates, 2004). Phonemic awareness can be defined as a person’s understanding that each word we speak is comprised of individual sounds called phonemes and that these sounds can be blended to form different words (Learning Point Associates, 2004). The article was intended to give a synopsis of phonemic awareness and the vital role it plays in a literacy program. I found the article to be very clear and concise presenting valuable tactics that can be applied in the classroom.
Torgesen, J. K., & Mathes, P. G. (1998). What Every Teacher Should Know about Phonological Awareness. Florida State Department of Educaiton, Divison of Schools and Community Education Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services.
Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. Reissued by Collier Books, 1986.
Provide a definition of phonological awareness that is supported by scholarly research. Include one standard from the FDOE standards website and explain how you might address that standard in a classroom.
...s in diverse classroom settings” (Dahl & Scharer, 2000, ¶52). Based upon the data set forth in this paper, a system of balanced instruction seems to be the most beneficial route for reading instruction. Students should learn about the relationships between letters and sounds through both traditional instruction and on the spot direction. They should be encouraged to express themselves through writing and educators should give feedback and constructive criticism about their mistakes as well as their creativity. Diane Weaver Dunne (2000) tells us “there is no magic bullet that can teach all children how to read” (¶ 1). As such, educators should individualize instruction to reach all learners, and reading and writing should take place in every area of the curriculum. The problem in this debate lies not in the direct opposition of whole language to phonics but in the misconceptions of both camps.
As a future high school special education teacher I will not be working on phonemic and phonological awareness with early elementary readers. However, I will be working with students who are still learning these skills at the high school level. As an educator, I need to have a thorough understanding of phonological and phonemic awareness in order to implement creative ways to assist my students in learning and strengthening these skills within my classroom. In a perfect world I would not need to work on these strategies at the high school level, however, everyone learns at their own pace and I intent create a “linguistically rich environments in which written and spoken language are used to learn, communicate, to express ideas, to understand
Phonological approaches teach literacy through a set of sequential skills. This method is strong in teaching letter-sound relationships, which is a crucial skill
The novel The Sun Also Rises, was written by Ernest Hemingway and was published on October 22, 1926. This book is based around two characters, Brett Ashley and Jake Barnes. These two characters love for one another is tremendous, but cannot be together. These two are trapped in their own fate and can’t get out of it. Fate could be described as a supernatural force that man cannot control, but leave it up to yourself whether you believe in fate or if you control your own path.
According to Bursuck & Damer (2011) phonemes are “the smallest individual sounds in words spoken.” Phonemic awareness is the “ability to hear the phonemes and manipulate the sounds” (p. 41). Phonemic awareness is essential because without the ability students are not able to manipulate the sounds. According to the National Institute for Literacy (2007), “students with poor phonics skills prevent themselves from reading grade-level text and are unable to build their vocabulary” (p.5) Agreeing with the importance of phonemic awareness, Shapiro and Solity attempted to use whole class instruction to improve students’ phonological awareness. The intervention showed that whole class instruction assisted not only the students with poor phonemic awareness, but also on-level developing readers.
...o be aware that phonetics can be discouraging since it requires a slow and careful start. In addition to this, teachers should understand that there are many false illusions about the benefits of phonetics and that it is acceptable to include additional methods, such as the semantics method into the classroom.
Malicious code is a real danger to modern systems. Most systems nowadays do not work in isolation; they are more likely to be connected to other systems and sometimes they can even be dependent on them. Therefore an attack on one of the systems in the network is a potential attacking attempt to any other systems, with which it is interacting. Therefore, it is inevitable for any networked or Internet-connected computers to deal with malicious code attacks at some point. Businesses lose billions of dollars each year because of malicious code attacks. Responding to the attack and restoring all the data on the computers is a time-consuming and expensive task. It is a much better practice to try preventing it through organizing and maintaining effective defenses. However, it is important to keep in mind that there is no one general solution that can help to prevent all the attacks. Attackers are constantly looking for new ways to take advantage of systems’ vulnerabilities and find new ones. That’s why organizations have to not only defend themselves against existing attack methods, but also try to predict and prevent new attacking techniques. It means that computer and network security is a never-ending challenge and expense.
...ponent. The core of this difference seem to centre around how children should be helped to read words not in their sight vocabularies, with parents highly valuing the use of word phonetics and teachers highly valuing the use of context. There were no limitations and future research noted in this study.