Artificial Intelligence1
Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up visions of robots that can mix dry martinis while beating a grand master at chess; and to some, will one day be able to look, act, think and react just like a real person. I would like to explore the concept of AI as it relates to the business world, and its possible many other applications. I believe that true AI is a dream worth pursuing. Like me, there are many who, just like those of the early 1960’s, thought that putting a man on the moon seemed to be an extremely difficult, but not an impossible task, believing the achievement of true AI to come is just a matter of time.
To remain competitive, companies must continue to improve by doing better and doing more; all the while using fewer and fewer resources, especially, manpower. Greater numbers of the world’s companies are turning to systems, which they feel offer the best means of attaining these goals.
A group, or suite of tools that can help accomplish this pursuit of doing less with more is generally known as Decision Support Systems. This broad category usually consists of computer software and hardware, which includes Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Do these systems really provide a valuable contribution to those who use them, and just how much faith can be put into them?
Strategic decision making concerns itself with determining where and how to deploy present resources to gain competitive advantages with the expectation of achieving some future reward. This simple, but powerful idea, permeates the planning process of large and small companies. Decisions related to how resources should be deployed consider specific measures necessary to compete effectively and efficiently; while strategic decisions are made with the expectation of improving future corporate profitability. Decision support systems are important additions in developing long term strategic plans, and thus long range profitability measures.
Definition
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Before we can explore the possibilities and implications of AI, we must carefully define exactly what attributes make something “intelligent”. The most common way to define intelligence in through the term “consciousness”. A term such as this has no fixed definition; rather, it is a family of related concepts that ti...
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Guven Guzeldere & Stefano Franchi, mindless mechanisms, mindful construction – an introduction – (4 June 1995),Unided States: shr.stanford.edu/shreview/4-2/text/introduction.html
R.L. Hughey, Jr, Expert Systems in Manufacturing, (3 May 1996). Carrollton Ga: www.southwire.com/sw/techlib/ieee0002.htm
Henry Linger, Intelligent Decision Support in the Context of the Modern Organisation – (1997), Monash University, Melbourne Australia: inforge.unil.ch/isdss97/papers/84.htm
Daniel E. O’Leary, Artificial Intelligence in Business - (17 December 1994). University of Southern Ca: www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/es_tutor/bus-ai.htm
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World Book Encyclopedia, (1999) CD Form.
The Manhattan Project was the exploration of atomic energy. Scientists from all around America, and later Tube Alloys, which was their British counterpart, came together to form one of the most powerful weapons of all time. These scientists worked on the Manhattan Project for about four years. The Manhattan Project created 3 bombs- one that they tested, and two that were dropped on Japan during
Since its beginning, the Manhattan Project has become synonymous with images and ideas of death, devastation and war. What few people consider though, is that without the United States initial concern in creating weapons of mass destruction, there would be larger changes in society than simply having less bombs. Nuclear energy production was hardly given a thought before scientists saw the awe-inspiring power of nuclear fission. The work going towards the Manhattan Project did more than create destructive weapons of death, it changed the face of the earth, and in more than one way.
The Manhattan Project was the code name for the US effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. It was appropriately named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because much of the early research was done in New York City (Badash 238). Sparked by refugee physicists in the United States, the program was slowly organized after nuclear fission was discovered by German scientists in 1938, and many US scientists expressed the fear that Hitler would attempt to build a fission bomb.
The short story Tapka shows how people are rejected because of their difference from the majority. Firstly, people are rejected because of their nationality. A teacher in a first-grade classroom says, “What a shame. So young and already a Jew.” (Bezmozgis 4). Mo...
At 5:30 AM July 16th 1945, the nuclear age had started. The world’s first atomic bomb was detonated. On August 6th 1942 at 8:15 AM, an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped a perfected atomic bomb created by the Americans, over the city of Hiroshima hoping to end the war. Thousands of people died in the two cities in Japan. They were Hiroshima and Nagasaki “the Manhattan Project”. The research and development project that produced these atomic bombs during this time was known as “the Manhattan Project”.
Waltz, David L. “Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the Ultimate Promises of Computing.” NEC Research Institute and the Computing Research Association (1996): 2 November 1999 .
The Manhattan Project was the code name for a science project conducted during World War II by the United States with the partial support of the United Kingdom and Canada. The ultimate goal of the project was the development of the first atomic bomb before Nazi Germany. The scientific research was directed by physicist Julius Robert Oppenheimer while security and military operations were carried out by General Leslie Richard Groves. The project was carried out in many research centers being the most important of them the Manhattan Engineer District located on the site now known as Los Alamos Manhattan Project was the code name for a science project conducted during World National Laboratory. The project brought together a wealth of scientific luminaries as Robert Oppenheimer, Niels Bohr, Enrico Fermi, Ernest Lawrence, etc. . . . Since, after experiments in Germany before the war, it was known that atomic fission was possible and that the Nazis were already working on its own nuclear program, several bright minds met. Many Jewish ex...
Power, Daniel J., Frada Burstein, and Ramesh Sharda. "Reflections on the Past and Future of Decision Support Systems: Perspective of Eleven Pioneers." Decision Support. Springer New York, 2011.
To begin, the main issue of development of Artificial Intelligence is the economic factors. Firstly, one of the main negative effects of AI on economy is unemployment. According to the suggesting of Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne of Oxford University during next 20 years 47 per cent of all USA jobs under the threat and will be replaced with intelligence machines (Vincent). If jobs will be automated, people will lose their workplaces and it is becomes one of the harmful problems not only for economy, but also for society. Because, if people will not have a workplace, they will not be able to provide their needs. Furthermore, development of AI can be a reason of increasing inequality of wages. For instance, the salaries of computer workers approximately earn 10 to 15 percent more than others. (Frey and Osborne). It is also one of the economic problems because it can lead to discontent of workers who hav...
The world of technology is ever changing and advancing. With the automotive industry in play technology is constantly surpassing what is available today with what can be done for tomorrow. Technology and the automotive industry go hand in hand with constant improvement to components of cars. Due to technology advancement there is competition within the car industry, especially between American car companies and European car companies. European car companies provide their buyers with innovative variety and revolutionary luxuries. European car technology is superior to American car technology due to their safety, entertainment, and luxury features.
Optus Communications Pty Ltd was incorporated in 1991 as the holding company of Australia’s first private communication carrier (Mclennan, 1998) and by mid – 1994 Optus employed more than 2600 employees (Katz, 1997). Sintel Optus Pty Limited (Optus) is a subsidiary of Singtel Inc providing services in the field of telecommunications in Australia. The firm provides mobile, national and long distance services, local and international telephony, business net...
Due to the high market share and high barrier of entry, Honda and Ford have an oligopolistic relationship within the SUV market. These two companies tend to have similar prices against any other
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Tactical decisions are of importance as they are the most important determinants of value creation and capture. Tactical decisions are such that they user-friendly, convenient and value adding for both the customers and organization. The making of tactical decision is really challenging as they deal with rapid changes in business environment like change in consumer preferences, policy changes. Tactical decision is to be taken for hard problems where finding a solution is very tough. Decision makers often take tactical decisions under stress or rapidly. Creativity and agility are essential ingredients of a proficient tactical decision making. The role of decision support system in tactical decision making is
Countless decision-makers operate under the assumption that their decision will be the most optimal; yet, nothing is guaranteed with any business decisions, and the future is undetermined. The uses of these technologies and systems in real business situations show that not only are these methods flexible and adaptable to the needs of each organization, but the amount of error which can potentially occur is also dramatically reduced when it is handled by a system or analysis instead of an individual. The rapid advancement of these systems and methods can come as quite a shock to some people, who have previously had no exposure to these types of Expert Systems, and they may be inclined to follow the decision-makers instincts rather than utilizing the insights gained by these technologies. New innovative, technological feats have allowed for almost any circumstance to be clearly measured and calculated through the use of simulations. Businesses may now better predict outcomes to decisions before being made, ultimately creating a much more efficient workplace. This high efficiency generates more profits, less waste, and eventually more successful an organization. Through the use of ROI, organizations can put a number on how successful a project or decision is, leading to the success of an organization. While ROI will likely remain the same formula, simulations will continue to evolve and become more and more accurate. The introduction of artificial intelligence will perhaps play a factor in the future as individuals give computers the ability to think, rationalize, and