An analysis of Schools of Psychotherapy as they relate to Anger Management
Anger is a basic human emotion that transcends cultural boundaries. However, despite its universality, an exact definition agreed upon by all people is lacking (Norcross & Kobayashi, 1999). Physiologically, brain centers in the amygdala are connected to anger processing. Because the information processing that takes place in this brain structure is primitive, anger can be triggered inappropriately and without the individual's knowledge of the cause. In psychodynamic terms, past events and experiences suppressed in the unconscious can be the source of generated anger. In cognitive-behavioral terms, anger is described as an interaction of behavior, cognition, and physiological arousal (Ambrose & Mayne, 1999). According to Deffenbacher (1999), anger may be aroused by specific external events, a mix of these external events with the anger-related memories they elicit, and internal stimuli such as emotions or thoughts. It results when "events are judged to involve a trespass upon the personal domain, an insult to or an assault upon ego identity, a violation of values and expectations, and/or unwarranted interference with goal-directed behavior" (p.297).
Two main ways to treat anger involve helping patients to prevent anger activation or helping them to regulate anger manifestation. The former is generally a longer and more difficult approach due to the fact that early emotional behavior patterns are hard to change or eliminate. Therefore, the moderation of anger may prove to be a more effective route of therapy (Ambrose & Mayne, 1999). Many different schools of psychotherapy have addressed the problem of anger. Because of the lack of a universally identic...
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...al Psychology, 55(3), 275-282.
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Equiano was the embodiment of politicized transition from oral to literature culture. After a forceful removal from Africa, Equiano found himself in West indie as a slave, he then had to adapt to the new culture and system of expression. Having come from a society where information and power was associated with oral expression, he quickly found out that in this new land reading and writing are the empowering tool with which an African can free himself. The conflict between the two cultures is depicted in Equiano’s first contact with a book, where he wrote of how he was often curious whenever he saw his master reading a book, and he was eager to talk to the book as he thought the books were eager to talk to him (Equiano 69)
In comparison to other slaves that are discussed over time, Olaudah Equiano truly does lead an ‘interesting’ life. While his time as a slave was very poor there are certainly other slaves that he mentions that received far more damaging treatment than he did. In turn this inspires him to fight for the abolishment of slavery. By pointing out both negative and positive events that occurred, the treatment he received from all of his masters, the impact that religion had on his life and how abolishing slavery could benefit the future of everyone as a whole; Equiano develops a compelling argument that does help aid the battle against slavery. For Olaudah Equiano’s life journey expressed an array of cruelties that came with living the life of an
This paper will examine Robert C. Solomon's Emotions and Choices article, to best identify what anger is, and to what extent a rational human being is responsible for their anger. Firstly, Solomon's argument must be described. A quick summation of Solomon's argument can be found in the following four points: Emotions are judgements, emotions are chosen, emotions serve a purpose, and emotions are rational.1 To quote Solomon, he explains that “Emotions are not occurrences, and do not happen to us. They ... may be chosen like an action.”2
Olaudah Equiano in his Interesting Narrative is taken from his African home and thrown into a Western world completely foreign to him. Equiano is a slave for a total of ten years and endeavors to take on certain traits and customs of Western thinking. He takes great pains to improve himself, learn religion, and adopt Western mercantilism. However, Equiano holds on to a great deal of his African heritage. Throughout the narrative, the author keeps his African innocence and purity of intent; two qualities he finds sorely lacking in the Europeans. This compromise leaves him in a volatile middle ground between his adapted West and his native Africa. Olaudah Equiano takes on Western ideals while keeping several of his African values; this makes him a man associated with two cultures but a member of neither.
Iveson, C. (2002). Solution-focused brief therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8, 149-157. Retrieved from http://apt.rcpsych.org
Conflict forms the basis for most novels and plays, and MHATBs is no exception. In this play, however, the major vehicle for conflict is the existence of apartheid in South Africa. Apartheid was a term used euphemistically by the Botha government. It means ‘separate development’, but the practical application of it ensured that the white minority maintained its dominant position, at the expense of the black, Cape coloured and Asian majority. This is indeed fertile soil for the spade work of any dramatist, but it does not provide a guarantee against clumsy development or poor writing. Fugard’s major victory is to take an already powerful issue and deal with it in an equally powerful, and yet sometimes subtle and sensitive way. The features of racism are often blunt, as they are for example in Courtney’s novel, The Power of One. It is hard to mask racial hatred. Fugard, however, demonstrates that racist sentiments can often be conveyed more subtly through attitudes and interaction. Hally, for example, makes many comments that he would in no way regard as prejudiced. We, however, know differently. Example: kite.
Athol Fugard’s “‘Master Harold’ . . . and the boys” illustrates that power is an issue that has so many people playing a part. Hally’s relatively short visit to his parent’s shop reveals so many problems within society in South Africa and around the world that still exist today. Everything from the interactions between the characters, to the title of the play, and even their choices of conversation all show that the thing about power struggles is that everyone ends up damaged. Fugard presents several brief displays of the power struggles that affect each character and in turn exposes to the reader that many forms of power are integrated into society so invisibly that we rarely see such struggles, and they are so much more than a black and white issue.
Seneca who was a Roman philosopher between 4 B.C and 65 B.C has given his opinion about anger in his essay 'On Anger '. This essay will illustrate his views on anger by looking at his definition on anger, the discordances of anger with nature, the decision and causes to start anger, his argument on anger and the remedies of it.
Anger can be partly physiological, cognitive, and psychological, and it is also pointedly ideological. Factors such as race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, and religion arouse anger (Kim1). Goldhor-lerner stated that:
Anger is a complicated concept that is not very well understood by many. Anger can be negative as well as positive in certain circumstances. Everyone has experienced anger in their life time it is impossible to avoid. The management of anger is where it can cause problems. The term anger has been around for a very long time, and there is a scale to measure how angry someone is. When anger is better understood more resources will be available. It is in everyone’s best interest that more research be done to understand anger and how it affects the human body and one’s health.
What happens inside our brain that causes us to be angry? This is a question I had always wondered about, one that kept pestering me. It turns out, that there are two almond shaped structures in our brains called amygdala. These structures are responsible
Athol Fugard's 'Master Harold' . . . and the Boys is about Hally, a white young man, and the damage done by apartheid The play takes place on the southeast cost of South Africa, 1950 during the apartheid, in Hally's parents' restaurant. This is where two black servants, Sam and Willie, work for the white family. Sam and Willie have been a part of Hally's upbringing and are close friends. The play is a microcosm for the situation happening in South Africa a parallel time.
In conclusion, the play had a powerful effect and used its available resources (e.g. props/setting) to the fullest. The actors were very talented and well-suited for the storyline. This performance is suitable for young people who are interested in history, particularly apartheid in South Africa, or anybody who enjoys a heartfelt play with many quirky jokes and musical moments. Director Mumbi Tindylebwa has done a good job in creating an enactment of a group of friends and their experience with a racist South African government. Anyone would agree that this play was an inspirational and moving performance.
“Master Harold and the boys” written by Athol Fugard is play set in the apartheid of South Africa in the 1950. This reflect the racism abuse black people suffered from white people. Regarding the effort that was being made by the community, they still lost the discrimination and inequality kept growing until a point where people started to fight for their liberty. I this essay I’m going to focus on the different ways ballroom dancing reflects and describes the constant roughness there was in South Africa from to different communities, how Fugard connect both culture with one same motif and the relationship between the culture, starting from the friendship Harold and Sam establish at the begging of the book.
In his work “The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard,” Albert Wertheim discusses Athol Fugard’s creation of “the voice of inner truth, […] a voice with which we speak from the heart” (19). Wertheim mentions how Fugard’s The Blood Knot is the first of his works to implement such a voice. Cumbrously, The Blood Knot is such a dense piece of work that critics dispute over what exactly this voice articulates. Fugard forages through topics such as raciality, apartheid and white supremacy in South Africa, brotherhood and familial ties, and many other themes. For the purpose of this essay, the voice of inner truth speaks of the importance of self identity and the power associated with it. In The Blood Knot, Fugard creates a power struggle between Morris and Zachariah, in which Zachariah possesses dominance, to display through their characterization that power comes from assurance of one’s self, not from one’s external qualities.