Job stress has proven to be a difficult issue to tackle. Unlike physical or chemical hazards, there is not an obvious tangible hazardous agent. This issue has also been preempted by corporate stress management, health promotion, or employee assistance programs, which explain stress as a purely personal reaction, and often treat the symptoms, not the causes, of job stress. The occupational stress field also has been plagued by a variety of definitions and difficulties in measurement of stress.(Buunk,De-Jong,Y-Bemas&De wolff,1998) In addition, changes in job design or work organization are often inherently more "systems challenging" and require more radical restructuring of workplaces than reducing levels of exposure to toxic substances or ergonomic hazards. According to Mclean (1979) stress affect everyone in the workplace whether blue collar or white collar workers. Hughes (1971, p342) supported Mclean by stating that” the essential problems of men at work are the same whether they do their work in some famous laboratory or in the messiest vat room of a pickle factory” So this essay will review the major explanations that have been given for the higher rates of stress amongst working women’s based of the interview conducted on south African female worker. Part one of this paper will discuss how the factors such as Gender’s, race, marital status can cause stress among workers. In the second part work related factors such as heavy workload demand, control over work ,rewards and poor social relationship will be discussed. Lastly changes facing South African workplaces shall be discussed.
The issue of stress is complicated because there is no single definitions that allows one to defines it .According to Buunk at al (1998) psychol...
... middle of paper ...
...(1978). Stress at work: Chichester .J-Wiley
Eckenrode J, & Gore ,S (1990). Stress between work and family: New York .Plenum press.
Frankenhaeuser ,M ,Landberg U, & Chesney ,M. (1991).Women work and health :Stress opportunities .New York :Plenum press
Friesen ,D & Sarros ,J (1989). Sources of burnout among educators :Journal of organizational behaviour,10 p.p 179-188
Gale group(2004). Bad relationship affect women more . Retrieved 14 march 2005 from http://www.findaeticle.com./mobsc/18-10/62085373/p1/article.
Karasek RA. Control in the workplace and its health-related aspects. In Job Control and Worker Health, eds. SL Sauter, JJ Hurrell, CL Cooper. New York: Wiley, 1989; 129-159.
Philips,D.L.& Segal .B.E (1969). Sexual status and psychiatric symptoms. American sociological review,34,58-7Shostaka,B(1980).Blue-collar stress :London .Addison –wesley.
.... He felt comfortable showing this side because he knew that she wouldn't laugh at him, but would be understanding because she felt the same as he did; they both longed for each other.
Jones, F, Bright, J, Clow, A (2001). Stress: myth, theory and research. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. p. 12.
"Police officers play a central role in the law enforcement system. They monitor criminal activity, take part in community patrols, respond to emergency calls, issue tickets, make arrests, investigate crimes and testify in court. A police officer 's first order of business is to serve and protect. Police officers serve their communities by helping citizens in times of crisis and emergency, such as when a natural disaster hits. To protect citizens on the road, they issue tickets to dangerous and careless drivers. To protect them in their communities, they make arrests that deter illegal and dangerous behavior." (Kokemuller, 2012).
Supernatural beings are used to create dramatic emphasis in all forms of literature. Shakespeare uses witches, ghosts, and apparitions in his play, Macbeth, to generate this effect. Supernatural beings are effective in provoking a reaction in audiences today, so it is easy to imagine how these specters would have alarmed the people of the Elizabethan era. The population of the Elizabethan era had certain ideas about witches, which the three witches in Macbeth were based upon. The witches added an element of the supernatural to Macbeth, as did the appearance of Banquo’s ghost and the apparitions that emerged at Macbeth’s final rendezvous with the three witches. All of these occurrences created a more dramatic atmosphere of suspense.
The supernatural has always intrigued mankind. People gather around to hear ghost stories and see enchanted medallions. Shakespeare realized people's fascination with the supernatural and used it in many of his tragedies. Macbeth is one of William Shakespeare's tragedies about a man, Macbeth, who wishes to become king of Scotland after being told, by three witches, that his destiny is to rule Scotland. Macbeth's ambition overtakes him so much that he goes on a killing spree. Macbeth ends up killing the king, Duncan; his friend, Banquo; and rival, Macduff; in his pursuit of procuring the crown and keeping it. In the end, richesousness does triumph over evil, but not without interactions between the characters and the supernatural. Most of the characters are somehow connected to the supernatural, either by choice or by fate. In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses an underlying motif of the supernatural to control the characters and add a new dimension to the play.
In most of Shakespeare’s plays, the use of the supernatural is used to give another great effect to the plot of the story. In Macbeth, the supernatural abilities of the three Witches and the devilish fiends of Lady Macbeth were essential to the plot of the story. Without the coercion of his wife, Macbeth would have never been altered into a corrupt and ungodly man. Also, without the prophecies of the Witches, one would never know if Macbeth would have killed Duncan for the kingship.
The themes of love, supernatural, and tragedy in Macbeth make this tale loved by many. The supernatural ideas are most noteworthy and dramatic. Witches, apparitions, and hallucinations give the play the sense of the unknown. Shakespeare used the supernatural occurrences and witches to show humans wickedness and depravity. The characters in this play were not at all hesitant to do evil acts once prophecies had been given showing their innermost desires come true. In the end, while the prophecies may have come to fruition, it was not how the characters had anticipated.
The supernatural plays an important role in Macbeth and supports the plot. From the floating dagger to Banquo's ghost, the supernatural is greatly responsible for every dark moment in the play. Supernatural experiences is what kept the play going and entertaining in my mind. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are propelled into killing because of the supernatural or them making it happen. The supernatural was scary at the time and the play was risky because of the witches, but doing it made the play even better.
Shakespeare uses the supernatural in Macbeth to help bring different aspects to the play. Throughout Macbeth the supernatural is seen through various apparitions, the witches and their prophecies and the disruption of the natural order following Duncan 's death. These supernatural events bring dimension to the play and helps the reader understand the play at a deeper level.
From witches to apparitions, supernatural elements are the constituents of the play, Macbeth. The supernatural occurrences served as role as a manifestation of evil temptations that seduced Macbeth into murdering, even his own comrades. Macbeth’s first meet with the supernatural was the ignition of his ambition to kill for his own success; the second encounter of the supernatural allowed his sanity and judgment to wander off to a murderer’s mind with the basis of his before gained ambition. Supernatural’s third fated meeting with Macbeth had left him the unbearable token of guilt and insecurity in which compelled him to act in a petrified way during his banquet. The last meeting ultimately left Macbeth with the evading thought of killing his once close friend and his close friend’s family. From what was stated, the supernatural played a large role that motivated Macbeth’s action to the extent where his moralities became impaired, and he had succumbed to executing dark deeds.
My term paper is on the topic of stress. Not just normal stress but I am focusing on stress with in women, young and old. For this term paper I am using three articles that are studies from professional psychologist on how stress with other conditions affects the women's health and emotion's of women. My last article is an interview form of six women with significant stress which induced health issues and they fought back, and developed their own arsenal of stress-busting habits. I will summaries the articles in the following paragraphs.
In the play Macbeth, the supernatural was a major factor on the play’s style. Of the supernatural occurrence evident in the play were the witches, which they were the most important. Other occurrences were the dagger, the ghost, and the three apparitions. It all started when the three witches came to Macbeth and his best friend Banquo and said to Macbeth, “ All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter” (1.3.53). Regarding what the witches have notified what Macbeth’s good news are, Banquo also asks about his predictions and what his good news are, the witches also notify him that one of his sons will be a king. When Macbeth goes home, he shares the news with his wife, Lady Macbeth, and she tells him that he should be king and that she wants to be a queen as well, therefore she insinuates a plan that Macbeth must murder his cousin, King Duncan. Macbeth was not happy with his plan, but because of how much Lady Macbeth made him feel less of man and she kept pushing him.
In the English Renaissance, there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Thus, the supernatural is a recurring aspect in William Shakespeare 's Macbeth and is an integral and important part of the plot. The role of the supernatural in Macbeth is to bring out emotional reactions within Macbeth that cloud his judgement, affecting his actions which ultimately leads to his downfall. This is demonstrated through the ambiguous prophecies of the witches, the supernatural phenomenon that Macbeth sees, and the apparitions that foreshadow how he will meet his end.
A law enforcement officer, one who is honest and dedicated to his profession, has to remain in perfect physical and mental condition, and never let his guard down. He has to survive on black coffee and half-eaten meals and be able to deal with heinous crimes, coax a confession out of a hardened criminal, and be a source of comfort to a victim's family. He should never complain about working late and should earn the respect of his family and friends.
Richard Dedekind was famous for his redefinition of irrational numbers, as well as his analysis of the nature of number, his work on mathematical induction, the definition of finite and infinite sets, and his work in number theory, particularly on algebraic number fields. Before Dedekind came along there was no real definition for real numbers, continuity, and infinity. He also invented the Dedekind cut, naming it after himself of course. The Dedekind cut is a cut on ...