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short note on software piracy
short note on software piracy
short note on software piracy
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An Investigation of Software Piracy in China - Software Piracy Lacks Ethical Merit
“Well, sir, from the sound of it, you've got yourself some pirated software.
I'm afraid there's nothing we can do to help you.”
1. BSA Statistics 30
1. Introduction
Software piracy is a rampant global problem, according to the Seventh Annual Global Software Piracy Study by the Business Software Alliance. The rate of software piracy varies significantly across the world, though no country is without it. Vietnam was rated the largest trouble spot in 2001 with a whopping 94% piracy rate, with China and Indonesia not very far behind (at 92% and 88% respectively).
During the early days of personal computing, software piracy was a small problem primarily limited to individuals trading computer games for personal use. Today, software piracy is no longer solely the domain of teenagers looking to get games for free; even legitimate organizations routinely use pirated software.
In the following sections, this discussion will meander from identifying the problem of software piracy, what exactly software piracy means, the obstacles of enforcing copyright laws, the impact of software piracy and an analysis from different ethical vantage points.
1.1. The Problem
Software piracy is the illegal duplication, distribution or use of software through one of the following methods:
·"Soft-lifting"—installing software onto more than one computer without proper licensing
· Counterfeiting
· Hard disk loading—selling computers that are preloaded with illegal copies of software
· Rental
· OEM unbundling—selling software that is legally sold only when bundled with another package
· The Internet
The main methods by which this activity is carried ...
... middle of paper ...
...andard for China as well as the rest of the world.
References
1 http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html
2 http://www.siia.net/piracy/copyright/risk.asp
3 http://www.most.gov.cn/English/Polocys/copyright_law.htm
4 http://global.bsa.org/usa/press/newsreleases/2003-05-01.1575.phtml
5 http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm7_e.htm
6 http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2002/09/26/piracy_unlimited/index1.html
7 http://www.wipo.org/edocs/notdocs/en/berne/treaty_berne_186.html
8 http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2003/tc20030210_2338_tc058.htm
9 http://www1.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/02/content_269098.htm
10 Seventh Annual BSA Global Software: Piracy Study, www.bsa.org/usa/policyres/admin/2002-06-10.130.pdf
Appendix
1. BSA Statistics www.bsa.org/usa/policyres/admin/2002-06-10.130.pdf
...ificant on the jury, they are still there to decide innocence of guilt. Another very important fact, is the ridiculousness and extremeness of the trials. The book did a good job in showing this in how the court ran and results of the trials. In the book, if anyone was guilty they would immediately be put to death. This was also true in Puritan law and death is an extremely common punishment for breaking the law. Also, the fact that a few little girls could change a whole town and take away lives seems crazy yet Abigail and Betty did play a big part in the Salem Witch Trials. Twenty people died in the trials as well as the book and this fact further illustrates how crazy the court was. Puritan history is littered with unbelievable trials and accusations that exemplify the Puritan court and the Salem Witch Trials, as well as The Crucible do a good job in showing this.
Transformational leadership theory conceptualized in the late 1970’s, proposed that leaders could motivate followers through shared vision and mutual interest to uplift the entire organization to a higher morality (Burns, 1978). Morality was defined as leaders and followers working together to fulfill organizational goals and achieve higher performances within a context of change and innovation. Leaders would surpass their own self-interest, in order to, foresee, foster, and indoctrinate a new organizational vision to their followers. Bass operationalized Burns’ seminal work into a leadership model to better indentify transformational leadership characteristics. The model emphasized four dimensions such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration in order to achieve success.
In ‘Leader-Member Exchange, Transformational Leadership, and Value System’ Krishnan (2005) noted that according to Burns, ‘the result of transforming leadership is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and convert leaders into moral agent’, which means that both leaders and team members offer one another. In this case, leaders serve their followers, create conditions for their further development, and make them feel free and independent in their work. Burns also claimed that ‘leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation’, i.e. the transformational leadership is possible because of both, the team members and leaders, become better and improve each other (Gupta & Krishnan 2004, p. 14). Bass further expanded the theory proposed by Burns and introduced it into the organizational context. He defined transformational leaders as leaders who motivate followers to do more than they expected to do initially. Transformational leaders are attentive to the team members needs; however, it takes time to develop strong emotional bonds between them. Nevertheless, leaders always encourage their followers to give their best. The leaders help people to look beyond their self-interest for the good of the whole group, organization, or society. They also help followers understand the need of emotional and intellectual change; commit to greatness that lies down in aspiration for business effectiveness ‘such as profits and high stock value, as well as impeccable ethics’(Dubrin et al 2006, p. 107). Owing to leaders, the team members know the goals and the ways to achieve them.
There are many leadership theories that play an important role in the every day workforce. Some of the theories are successful in producing a strong and productive leader, while others lack the qualities required for the job. Out of the multitude of available theories out there, I feel that the Transformational Leadership Theory is the one that stands out as being the most successful. This theory is far from coercive and instead focuses on making a satisfied team that collaborates to form a productive work environment. An environment like this, ran by a top-notch leader, is needed for success.
According to Yoder-Wise (2015), a leader can be defined as, “an individual who works with others to develop a clear vision of the preferred future and to make that vision happen” (p 35). As employees, we often have our own ideal of a good leader, which may be influenced by experiences and perception of workplace norms. While one’s opinion of an effective leader may vary, there are several recognized leadership theories. The following will focus on the transformational leadership approach.
The first reason why Dr.Watson might be important to the character of Sherlock is because he makes Sherlock more “human”. If you have ever seen a Sherlock movie, or TV show, the first thing you would notice about Sherlock is his gigantic ego and shellfish attitude towards other people. He thinks highly of himself. And this is where Dr.Watson's character steps in. He teaches Sherlock to be a bit more humane, show a bit of emotion. Without the humane personality of Dr.Watson, Sherlock might just be consumed by his demons, or his bad side, a drug addict side.You may see this in almost every Sherlock Holmes book or TV show.
The book discusses that transformational leadership theory as “similar to charismatic leaders, but they are distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followers’ needs and concerns, providing meaning, challenging people to look at old problems in new ways, and acting as role models for the new values and behaviors.” (Daft, 2015). Another definition of Transformational Leadership Theory is “Transformational leadership emphasises satisfying basic needs and meeting higher
A Worldwide Problem Software piracy is defined as the illegal copying of software for commercial or personal gain. Software companies have tried many methods to prevent piracy, with varying degrees of success. Several agencies like the Software Publishers Association and the Business Software Alliance have been formed to combat both worldwide and domestic piracy. Software piracy is an unresolved, worldwide problem, costing millions of dollars in lost revenue. Software companies have used many different copy protection schemes. The most annoying form of copy protection is the use of a key disk. This type of copy protection requires the user to insert the original disk every time the program is run. It can be quite difficult to keep up with disks that are years old. The most common technique of copy protection requires the user to look up a word or phrase in the program's manual. This method is less annoying than other forms of copy protection, but it can be a nuisance having to locate the manual every time. Software pirates usually have no trouble "cracking" the program, which permanently removes the copy protection. After the invention of CD-ROM, which until lately was uncopyable, most software companies stopped placing copy protection in their programs. Instead, the companies are trying new methods of disc impression. 3M recently developed a new technology of disc impression which allows companies to imprint an image on the read side of a CD-ROM. This technology would not prevent pirates from copying the CD, but it would make a "bootleg" copy differ from the original and make the copy traceable by law enforcement officials (Estes 89). Sometimes, when a person uses a pirated program, there is a "virus" attached to the program. Viruses are self-replicating programs that, when activated, can damage a computer. These viruses are most commonly found on pirated computer games, placed there by some malignant computer programmer. In his January 1993 article, Chris O' Malley points out that if piracy was wiped out viruses would eventually disappear (O' Malley 60). There are ways that a thrifty consumer can save money on software without resorting to piracy. Computer companies often offer discounts on new software if a person has previously purchased an earlier version of the software. Competition between companies also drives prices low and keeps the number of pirated copies down (Morgan 45). People eventually tire or outgrow their software and decide to sell it.
Transformational leadership is considered among the recent and most used approach that gives more attention to appealing and moving elements of leadership. It fits the needs of current work groups who, in periods of uncertainty, want to be motivated and empowered for them to succeed. It can be defined as a process that modifies and renovates people (Northouse, 2010). This type of leadership raises motivation as well as morality of both leaders and subordinates to higher lev...
Transformational leadership, also referred to as (TL) is a theoretical approach that changes the norm of people and social systems. It creates positive and valuable change in its followers with an ultimate goal of transforming them into leaders. In its enhanced form, TL enhances motivation and performance through various its authentic mechanisms. The operations entail connecting the follower with their sense of identity in regard to the mutual interests of an organization. The move challenges followers to own their duties, become inspiring role models, and understand the strongholds and weaknesses of followers. Thus, the leader can align their followers with roles that optimize their performance (Groves
An organization can have a great image or identity worldwide at start but without a proper leader to manage the organization, it is certain that the organization is doomed to failure in the long run. According to DuBrin (2007), leadership can be defined as “the ability to inspire confidence and support among people who are needed to achieve organizational goals” (p. 2). In terms of leadership, transformational leadership is known to be the style of leadership which leads to the effectiveness of an organization. Transformational leadership is known to stimulate followers’ performance to an extraordinary level and enhance their commitment towards the effectiveness of an organization. According to Burns (1978), the different components of transformational
A position has been adopted for transformational leadership in this essay and the facts are described and clearly articulated. The first point of criticism review the morality and misleading of power by transformational leadership. Bass (2006) explains the classification in transformational leadership as socialized and personalized characteristics in the book "Transformational leadership". The leaders using their abilities to inspire and lead their followers to a wrong path are termed to be pseudo transformational leaders. They possess similar elements as that of transformational leaders, but the motive would be personal and exploitative. It depends upon the individual characteristics in determining or choosing their motive and path, the concept of transformational leadership cannot be blamed. People regarding pseudo transformational model were discussed in the previous section; some examples of leaders who led a constructive path of transformational leadership are Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela
From this article, I learned the transformational leadership is a more effective method of leadership than the conventional transactional form of leadership that is still prevalent today. Transformational leadership sees followers as ends in themselves and not as a means to some other end that does not have their mutual interests in mind. It becomes my job as a leader to promote the vision and perform with the commitment of all the members of the group. It is good to know that Transformational leadership can be learned, and it should be part of management training and development for every
The term "software piracy" covers different activities: illegal copying of programs, counterfeiting and distributing software - even sharing a program with a friend.
Transformational leadership behavior encourages followers to seek new approaches to challenges and to be more engaged with their work or within their organizations by considering each followers’ needs. From the political leaders’ perspective, the researcher found that there is a change in the beliefs, the necessities and the values of followers. It is a process of mutual awareness and rise (Burns, 1978 & Jha, 2014). Transformational leaders operate from a very deeply held personal value system. It refers to the values as end value which cannot be negotiated or exchange like instrumental values (Burns 1978 & Jha, 2014). According to the Hater and Bass (1988) and Yoa et al., (2014), transformational leadership has a powerful connection with the employees’ effectiveness and satisfaction than other leadership style. Transformational leaders are characterized to have a high-level of consideration, eager on building employees’ intrinsic motivation and improving their self-realization wish, so the employees can exceed beyond expectation of their work and not interested with the benefits in exchange (Bass, 1996; Yoa et al.,