Both Plato and Augustine offer unusual conceptions of what one must acquire to live a truly happy life. While the conventional view of happiness normally pertains to wealth, financial stability, and material possessions, Plato and Augustine suggest that true happiness is rooted in something independent of objects or people. Though dissimilar in their notions of that actual root, each respective philosophy views the attaining of that happiness as a path, a direction. Plato’s philosophy revolves around the attainment of eternal knowledge and achieving a metaphysical balance. Augustine also emphasizes one’s knowing the eternal, though his focus is upon living in humility before God. Both assert that human beings possess a natural desire for true happiness, and it is only through a path to something interminable that they will satisfy this desire.
In his several dialogues, Plato contends the importance of the four virtues: wisdom, courage, self-control, and justice. In The Republic, he describes a top-down hierarchy that correlates to the aspects of one’s soul. Wisdom, courage, and temperance preside control over the rational, spirited, and appetitive aspects of the soul. It is when one maintains a balance between these aspects of his soul that he attains peace within himself: “...And when he has bound together the three principles within him...he proceeds to act...always thinking and calling that which preserves and cooperates with this harmonious condition (Plato 443c).” Wisdom and knowledge consistently remain at the top of his view of happiness. During the apology, Plato is asked what punishment is best suited for him. He sarcastically answers, “to be fed...(It is) much more suitable than for any one who has won a v...
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...ath is led by humility, directing one toward a better understanding of God. Perhaps it is not important, however, which source, if either, is the correct root of happiness, but merely that one’s source stretches beyond the margins of what is temporal.
Works Cited:
Augustine, Aurelius. Confessions. 400. Trans. Henry Chadwick
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Kant, Immanuel. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?
Online Essays Appropriate to Foucoult. 1997.
3 April 2001. Available URL: http://www.csun/edu/~hfspc002/ fouc.essay.html
Plato. Five Dialogues. Trans. G.M.A. Grube
Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1981.
Plato. The Republic.
Exploring Plato’s dialogues
28 March 2001. Available URL: http://trill.cis.fordham.edu /~gsas/philosophy/quotedpassage.htm
As a nation coming out of a devastating war, America faced many changes in the 1920s. It was a decade of growth and improvements. It was also a decade of great economic and political confidence. However, with all the changes comes opposition. Social and cultural fears still caused dichotomous rifts in American society.
The 1920s was a time of conservatism and it was a time of great social change. From the world of fashion to the world of politics, forces clashed to produce the most explosive decade of the century. It was the age of prohibition, it was the age of prosperity, and it was the age of downfall.
This source describes how the 1920’s era displayed the beginning of modern America. The site discusses the economy and how technology played an instrumental role during this time. The source also gives information regarding the presidential administrations and the stock market during the 1920’s.
The author of this book, William Gerald Golding was born in Cornwall, England, in 1911. He graduated Oxford University. Also he had experience in teaching in school he could have been easy to set the character with young kids in the story. He had written many books before Lord of the Flies and he awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. William has an experience of being a Navy in World Wall Ⅱ, he could describe well in the story. In 1993 he ended up his life.
Throughout history, many things had a great and lasting impact on America. The Roaring Twenties was a time of great social and economic growth to the economy. Many people saw this as an ideal way to live, others thought that it was irresponsible and just a phase. Well those others were right, America has many similarities taken from the 20’s today, but also things have changed and people are more responsible now. America’s history was impacted by the Roaring Twenties because of the great economic boom, the change in how women were viewed, and also the many advances in technology that were made. The twenties will forever be an age to remember.
Lord of the Flies is a novel written by William Golding in 1954. Golding’s participation in the Second World War, and especially in the invasion of Normandy may have pessimistically affected his viewpoints and opinions regarding human nature and what a person is capable of doing. This can be seen in his novel, which observes the regression of human society into savagery, the abandonment of what is morally and socially acceptable for one’s primal instincts and desires.
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), is considered by many as part of the schizophrenic spectrum. It is characterized by discomfort with other people, peculiar patterns of thinking and behavior, and eccentricity. These may take the form of cognitive or perceptual disturbances. Yet, unlike schizophrenia, these psychotic symptoms are not as fully developed as delusions or hallucinations but instead can be characterized as perceptual illusions. A person suffering from SPD might become extremely anxious in social situations, especially those involving strangers. Schizotypal patients also tend to be overly suspicious of others and are not prone to trust others or to relax in their presence.
The 1920s in America, known as the "Roaring Twenties", was a time of celebration after a devastating war. It was a period of time in America characterised by prosperity and optimism. There was a general feeling of discontinuity associated with modernity and a break with traditions.
While the title “Schizotypal” may send your thoughts to Schizophrenia, the two are quite different. For instance, Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which a patient will experience unreasonable anxieties as well as recurring hallucinations. In some severe cases, this illness can be truly debilitating, and a patient may need daily care. Schizotypal Personality Disorder, on the other hand, deals more with the anxious and suspicious nature of a patient as well as the strange mannerisms they might display. While patients do experience social anxiety and a distaste for maintaining close relationships, the DSM-5 places them under Cluster A, a group formed by the sharing of odd and eccentric behaviours between STPD, Paranoid Personality Disorder
The novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, intertwines a compassionate message to the people of Great Britain and the world, while also showing the evil nature that all humans have deep down inside. At the time that this book was being written, communism was in full effect, eclipsing the good of the world, creating the illusion that this Earth is being consumed by evil. The worst of this would be the Stalinism in Russia, a complete and utter totalitarian dictatorship where the people had virtually no say in the government, this was along with the evil ways of Hitler. Golding created the novel Lord of the Flies to show that humans will do whatever it takes to persevere through any situation and to send a message of hope to the people of the world.
People with this disorder look for situations that do not require a lot of interaction with others, and do not appear to have a desire for love or acceptance, even by their family (Whitbourne, 2017). Like paranoid personality disorder, the etiology is not known but there is believed to be a genetic link to developing the disorder (Schizoid Personality Disorder, 2017). Not a lot is known about the treatment options since many individuals with the disorder do not seek treatment, and some therapies are not effective because individuals may find it difficult to establish a relationship with a clinician (Schizoid Personality Disorder, 2017). Schizotypal personality disorder have confusion about their basic sense of self, they lack a sense of direction or motivation and have difficulty understanding the behaviors and motives of other people (Whitbourne, 2017). Since their pathological traits are on the extremely maladaptive end of the psychoticism dimension, they may have many eccentric and unusual ideas and beliefs, causing them to have difficulty creating accurate perceptions of their world (Whitbourne, 2017). The etiology may be genetics since the symptoms of the disorder may show a latent form of schizophrenia (Whitbourne, 2017). Treatment of the disorder is similar to that of schizophrenia, and
Schizoaffective disorder is a serious mental illness that features of two different conditions. It is a combination of schizophrenia disorder and a mood disorder. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that distorts how a person thinks, acts, and what they perceive as reality. The mood disorder most commonly associated with schizoaffective is bipolar disorder. This is an illness that is marked by emotional lows and highs as well as problems with concentration and remembering specific details. Patients may experience a deep depression, and then they may turn around and be at an emotional high. Schizoaffective patients, however, live with both the effects of schizophrenia, as well as bipolar disorder, making cooping with everyday life a struggle. Schizoaffective is a life-long illness and impacts all areas of daily life. Work, school, relationships, and common aspects of life are difficult for schizoaffective people. (WebMD, 2013)
...ses to be virtuous in one virtue. If all people in a society posses all of the virtues that Plato states, along with love and emotion, all the people of the society will have the same moral outlook on life. Therefore a balanced society will be obtained and everyone would be in harmony with each other. The four Platonic virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice are the foundation of Plato’s Republic. He not only revolves his city around them, but also his people. Plato tries to instill virtues onto certain classes, without thinking about what the "republic" would be like if he gave all people ALL the virtues. Virtue is something that individual people possess out of their own willingness to be virtuous. Virtues are not characteristics that can be isolated and dispensed individually. They are complimentary. In order to have one; you must possess the others.
Wisdom, courage, moderation and justice are four essential virtues the ideal state must be built upon, as explained by Socrates in Plato’s Republic. Throughout the eight books of Socratic dialogue the ideal state and ideas of justice are debated, on both individual and state levels. The guidelines for a perfect state and how it will come about are thoroughly described. Socrates covers every aspect of political life and how it should work stating that “until power and philosophy entirely coincide… cities will have no rest form evils” . In Plato’s Republic Socrates emphasizes the superiority of the philosopher and their abilities to rule as kings above others. He believes that they are best suited to rule as a result of their pure souls and lust for knowledge, the desire for truth over opinions and things that are tangible. The philosopher is best able to fulfill the four essential virtues of the state and thus must be the king. He evokes the idea of a cave, a parallel to the effects of education on the soul and a metaphor for human perceptions, to describe how humans will act and show distinctions between groups of people. This conception of the ideal state has been heavily criticized by his successors, but when applied according to how Plato perceived the state and human capacity, in theory the idea of the philosopher-king is extremely convincing. According to Socrates the soul is made up of three parts, and each person is governed primarily by a different one. Which aspect of the soul occupies a person affects their access to the four virtues deemed ultimate. The appetitive part of the soul is at the bottom of the divided line; it controls the unnecessary desires and is undesirable to be governed by. The spirited element of the s...
First off, it is important to realize that religion and science have to be related in some way, even if it is not the way I mentioned before. If religion and science were completely incompatible, as many people argue, then all combinations between them would be logically excluded. That would mean that no one would be able to take a religious approach to a scientific experiment or vice versa. Not only does that occur, but it occurs rather commonly. Scientists often describe their experiments and writings in religious terms, just as religious believers support combinations of belief and doubt that are “far more reminiscent of what we would generally call a scientific approach to hypotheses and uncertainty.” That just proves that even though they are not the same, religion and science have to be related somehow.