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what are the effects of wars
what are the effects of wars
what are the effects of wars
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War Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion
In attempts to truthfully learn from our past and make progress towards a peaceful world with equality for all, the topic of war, and the effects of war, is an importance issue. Many people believe that war, although obviously destructive, does lead to social cohesion within the particular nation-state at war. The Senate of Canada defines social cohesion as the capacity of citizens living under different social or economic circumstances to live together in harmony, with a sense of mutual commitment. (Culturelink, par. 2) The idea that war leads to social cohesion is based upon the assumption that during a time of crisis, such as a war, people will come together out of the necessity to survive. This belief that the masses unite, neglecting prior dispositions towards one another while opposing a common enemy, has been fairly prominent throughout history. The Second World War, the Cold War, and the Gulf War will be used as examples to research the assumption that social cohesion is a result of warfare. I will argue that warfare, opposed to popular belief, causes large-scale discrimination, which in turn creates social division, not cohesion. Once an understanding of the discriminatory effects war causes is expressed, the backbone derived from the research is that we must valiantly oppose military action to uphold our freedom and equality for all, rather than trying to fight for freedom.
Second World War
The Japanese bombed the United States' Hawaiian naval base, Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 and this began what we now know as the Second World War. The news swept the country by surprise, from that point forward the nation was shocked into a sort of social cohesion. "After the b...
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... military action against another nation-state. Yet, since this is the result that occurs during war, we can no longer accept war as an option to settle discrepancies. When accounting for discrimination and looking at the long-term effects of war on a pluralistic society such as the United States, it is impossible to deny that these feelings of hate and fear for a particular race will not overlap onto that race existing in the United States. Any short-term division with real furry behind it, will not suddenly disappear when the war does. No, prejudices are learned traits. Learning is the acquisition of knowledge, and the presence of incorrect knowledge is ignorance. We can no longer accept ignorance as an outcome from war. Therefore, military build up must be stopped immediately and diplomatic measures must be taken in proliferating arms to stop war from reoccurring.
Porteus-Viana, Liza (2012, May 14 ). Guards WMD CST can respond faster than other federal
Miltner, A. L. (2012). Technical Escort: Countering WMD for 70 Years. Army Chemical Review, 41-44. Retrieved from http://chemical.epubxp.com/i/98296/45
Because of the lack of organization with the health care providers in Canada, the wait times are too long and can cause serious complications to any condition the patient went in for in the first place. This situation of how the health care system can resolve wait times was brought to the government but they continue to ignore the proposals brought to them. It is possible to resolve the problems of wait times without extreme change and expenses in the health care system. The solution is to be found in the reorganization of the health care providers. Lack of assistance in the emergency room can make ones illness to become worse, therefore, causes the patient to be forced to wait in emergency rooms for an extended period of time and when they are finally seen by a health care provider, the outcome is very poor due to lack of registered staff, physicians and proper assessment(Goldman & Macpherson, 2005, p.40). The objective of this paper is to discuss and critically analyze the conditions of emergency waiting rooms. The specific issue this paper intends to explore is extensive and prolonged waiting times for patients accessing health care, patients who need urgent treatment and the vulnerability of elderly patients and children. With an in-depth critique of the barriers to health care and shortcomings of emergency rooms, strategies will be provided to enhance a health care system that makes it more accessible and efficient.
On December 7,1941 Japan raided the airbases across the islands of Pearl Harbour. The “sneak attack” targeted the United States Navy. It left 2400 army personnel dead and over a thousand Americans wounded. U.S. Navy termed it as “one of the great defining moments in history”1 President Roosevelt called it as “A Day of Infamy”. 2 As this attack shook the nation and the Japanese Americans became the immediate ‘focal point’. At that moment approximately 112,000 Persons of Japanese descent resided in coastal areas of Oregon, Washington and also in California and Arizona.3
Urgent care centers first opened in the United States in the early 1980s (http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20N/PDF%20NoAppointmentNecessaryUrgentCareCenters.pdf no appointment needed). The inspiration behind establishing urgent care centers originated when entrepreneurial physicians identified a gap in the industry. As there was a shortage of primary care physicians who lacked flexibility and extended office hours patients were forced to turn to emergency rooms for non-emergency treatment. As a result, emergency rooms became crowded with low risk patients that did not need immediate care. Consequently, overcrowding resulted in long wait times, unsatisfied patients, misdiagnosis, and overworked emergency rooms physicians. Additionally, at least two domains of quality of care, safety and timeliness, are compromised by emergency room crowding (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00295.x/full). Ultimately, in order to remedy such overcrowding urgent care centers were established.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese lashed out against America and bombed Pearl Harbor. This act of hostility towards America, p...
Due to the populations current issues with insufficient healthcare coverage, or complete lack of, many patients resort to the ED as primary access and diagnosis thus delaying treatment even further.As a result, emergency departments are providing treatment for medical, surgical, critical, and psychological emergencies. These extended wait times lead to a deterioration of patient health, discounting of the patients chief complaints with the intention of acting more efficiently, and inadvertently, occasionally, causing the spread of communicable diseases. Emergency rooms by definition are 24-hour care access to healthcare, however they are losing the fairness and impartiality to provide equal service to all patients stemming from outrageous wait
Broyles, Janell. Chemical and Biological Weapons in a Post-9/11 World. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2005. Print.
Chemical weapons and their use is one of the most important issues facing the world today. Not only is the use of such weapons highly controversial, but also the very idea of such weapons of mass destruction being in the hands of dangerous leaders. Next to nuclear weapons they are the most feared, and the prospect of these weapons not only concerns people, but also frightens them. As a result of these fears, America has entered a new war that could bring devastating effects upon our world. It is a very sensitive topic among many countries, and is out of hand primarily because of the introduction of chemical weapons to the world in the First World War. Many people have the same feelings about chemical weapons. Chemical weapons are wrong and those that exist in the world should be destroyed, but it is not that simple. Chemical weapons are very dangerous and even after their destruction, they are still very hazardous. Innocent people are being killed accidentally with chemical weapons, whether it is poor storage or bad transportation. The fact is that chemical weapons need to be destroyed, through very careful means. The production and use of chemical weapons is ethically wrong based on the devastating effects they have on the entire world. The weapons are something that is very difficult to get rid of, and we need to develop better ways to protect ourselves against their use and disposal.
(2014). Relieving emergency department crowding: Simulating the effects of improving patient flow over time. Journal of Hospital Administration, 4(1). doi:10.5430/jha.v4n1p43
The use of chemicals in weapons dates back thousands of years, from poison arrows to poisonous fumes. However chemical warfare took a new approach during World War I. The first large scale attack was chlorine in april 1915. World War II brought on a entire new spectrum of chemical weapons and many countries obtained large stockpiles.1There are four different categories in which chemical weapons are organized based on what the effects are. The first category is blister agents which cause blistering of the skin. The second category is choking agents which cause the airway passages in the victim's throat to close resulting in death. The third category is nerve agents which causes damages to the victims nerves. The most recent uses of chemical weapons was on august 21, 2013 in Damascus ,Syria which resulted in numerous casualties.2
Emergency rooms are often crowded with low-risk patients, which result in long wait times, unsatisfied patients, misdiagnosis, and overworked emergency room physicians. As a result, at least two domains of quality of care, safety, and timeliness, are compromised by emergency room crowding (Bernstein et al., 2009). Additionally, one study found that periods of high emergency department crowding were associated with increased inpatient mortality and modest increases in length of stay and costs for admitted patients (Sun et al., 2013). Consequently, patients are not only paying a premium for their emergency room visits but may also be paying with their lives. Furthermore, the hospitals themselves are obligated to over utilize their staff and resources
According to a study done in October of 2002, “...the University of Pennsylvania showed that for the first time, there’s a direct link between the nursing shortage and an increase in patient deaths” (Kohn). Moreover, the problem concerning not all hospitals are equal, especially the level one trauma centers, also affect the patients. These situations are far from the only problems dealing with the cause of patient deaths. However, those two factors play an important role regarding how patients respond to emergencies.
There are lots of different sticks and ball sports played around the world, but Cricket and Baseball are two that are well known and widely spread. Baseball is played in U.S., Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Holland, and Italy. Cricket is famous in England and former British colonies. People in U.S.A. hardly know anything about cricket and most of the people have not even heard about cricket except that they know the insect “cricket.” Cricket is a very famous sport around the world and its origin dates back to the 16th century ("Baseball vs Cricket").
What happens when the hospital is overcrowded and there are no more beds available on the floors?? The hospital goes on diversion, which is when ambulances have to take patients that would normally come to the overcrowded hospital to other hospitals who have room, which can cause delays in their treatment, and can be a matter of life or death. Diversion is not just a problem for hospitals, it causes problems with EMS as well. This causes them to be tied up longer transporting the patients to other hospitals (possibly farther away), which causes delays in responding to other 911 calls. From 2003 to 2009 the wait times in the ER increased by 25%. “Ambulance diversion has been used since the early 1990s. It has been linked to several negative consequences, such as prolonged transport times, delays in care, increased mortality, and lower hospital revenue.”( Delgado, M. Kit, Lesley J. Meng, Mary P. Mercer, Jesse M. Pines, Douglas K. Owens, and Gregory S.Zaric, 11 June 2012. Web. 31 Mar. 2017.) The wait times in EDs that went on diversion during these times were even longer. I know that 25% is not a huge difference, but when the volume has increased but the number of staff and available beds stays the same, the waiting room starts filling up and wait times increase. Also not every patient can go to the same floor