Indian Nuclear Weapons: Costs vs. Benefits
The history of Indo-Pakistani relations has been a dominated by turbulence and bitter rivalry. After the partition in 1947, millions of people migrated to their new home in either the Islamic state of Pakistan or the secular state of India. Only two weeks after independence, India and Pakistan fought a war over Kashmir in 1948. India and Pakistan fought two more wars with each other in 1965 and 1971, with the latter resulting in the creation of Bangladesh. Since then, India and Pakistan have had very hard feelings against each other due to numerous Hindu-Muslim conflicts, the territorial dispute over Kashmir, and other bilateral tensions.
Some people can argue that the whole notion of using nuclear weapons on the subcontinent was first mentioned in 1971 by Pakistan's Deputy Prime Minister Zulficar Ali Bhutto during his speech to the UN that promised "'a thousand year war with India' and subsequently declared his people would 'eat grass if necessary,' but would 'have the bomb.'" Although one of Pakistan's leaders may have initially been vociferous about his country's intentions, it was India who took the first step in the nuclear path when in 1974 it tested a "peaceful nuclear device" at Pokhran, in the Rajasthan desert. India claimed that the explosion was not for military purposes, but was rather "designed to air civilian atomic energy programs."1 Pakistan then saw itself at a much greater security risk and needed some kind of equalizer, since it was a much smaller state and was disadvantaged in conventional military terms. Considering that since the partition, there has been tension between India and Pakistan, and that they fought wars in each of which Pakistan was the...
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Dahlburg, John-Thor, "Sanctions casting a pall over South Asia," Los Angeles Times, June 1, 1998. Online. Available on: Lexis-Nexis.
Singh, Vir., "In Face of harsh sanctions, India vows it won't buckle," Houston Chronicle, May 14, 1998. Online. Available on: Lexis-Nexis.
Dahlburg, John-Thor, "Sanctions casting a pall over South Asia," Los Angeles Times, June 1, 1998. Online. Available on: Lexis-Nexis.
Ibid. Quoted from Mushtaq Khan, chief economist of ABN-Amro Bank in Islamabad.
Dugger, Cecilia W, "India's Testing Issue," The New York Times, December 5, 1998. Online. Available on: Lexis-Nexis.
Ibid.
Ibid. Quoted from U.S. Deputy Secretary of State StrobeTalbott.
Ibid.
Erlanger, Steven, "U.S. to Lift Some Sanctions Against India and Pakistan," The New York Times, November 7, 1998. Online. Available on: Lexis-Nexis.
International politics as one may imagine includes foreign affairs. This is why the topic and focus of this paper revolves around the current event within Eastern Europe. It will focus on both Russia, Ukraine, and the world, and from it, it will be analyzed by using the resources provided within class. After all it is a International Politics course, and one of the best ways to effectively put the skills and knowledge to use is to focus on an event or current event. The paper will attempt to go over in a chronological order of the events that has happened, and what is happening currently over in Ukraine. Afterwards, an analyzed input will be implemented providing reasoning behind Russia's actions, and actions of the world, and potentially some solutions.
In part one this essay proposes that an arms embargo is simple to initiate, primarily because it meets the demands for action in circumstances of conflict and violent repressions, and requires minimum political consensus among the UN member states. Nonetheless, the failures of many arms sanctions during the past two decades could either maintain or alter this situation. Furthermore, the second part of this essay will argue, with specific references to the EU’s sanctions against China and Syria that embargoes are not difficult to lift per se, but their removal ofte...
[2] Weaver, Matthew. "Ukraine Crisis." The Guardian. N.p., 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. .
"'Desperate Struggle' in Ukraine: What You Need to Know about the Crisis."NBC News. NBC News, 28 Jan. 2014. Web. 01 May 2014.
The big crisis in Ukraine is starting to get out of hand. The government cannot even figure out what to do, and is getting kicked out of office. There are street protests happening all over Ukraine especially at Kyiv’s Independence Square. There is civil unrest against Yanukovych because he did not do what the people wanted to have. After everything is starting to cool down, Russian troops start to enter the country. The crisis was getting so far out of hand that the US and the EU had to figure out how to help, so they got involved in the crisis. The Ukraine conflict was triggered by Yanukovych declining the EU deal, and when everything was getting settled down in Ukraine, Russia invades Ukraine.
Mingst, K. A. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 79). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Mingst, Karen A. Essentials of International Relations. New York : W.W. Norton & Co., 2008.
Davidson, Stephen M. Still Broken: Understanding the U.S. Health Care System. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business, 2010. Print.
Affirmative action is a label for a large range of programs, but all of these methods began for one reason: as a way to fight racism. There were voluntary efforts and mandatory laws enacted in order to accomplish this feat (Wu par 6). It was begun under President Johnson with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and was followed by his Executive Order 11246, both of which emphasized the fair treatment and employment of minorities. Two years later, women were added to the list. Today affirmative action benefits women, racial and ethnic groups, and the physically, mentally or emotionally disabled to the detriment of white males (“affirmative action” par 1). Due to affirmative action’s efforts, doors have been opened allowing for the equalizing of opportunity in the United States, seen in the types of people working in places such as police and fire departments, as w...
Shiraev, Eric B., and Vladislav M. Zubok. International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Nelson, Jack. Is religion killing us?violence in the Bible and the Quran / Jack Nelson-Pallmeyer.. 2003 Print.
In today’s healthcare system, there are many characteristics and forces that make up the complex structure. Health care delivery is a complex system that involves many people that navigate it with hopes of a better outcome to the residents of the United States. Many factors affect the system starting from global influences, social values and culture. Further factors include economic conditions, physical environment, technology development, economic conditions, political climate and population characteristics. Furthermore the main characteristics of the Unites States healthcare system includes: no agency governs the whole system, access to healthcare is restricted based on the coverage and third party agencies exist. Unfortunately many people are in power of the healthcare system involving multiple payers. Physicians are pressured to order unnecessary tests to avoid potential legal risks. Quality of care is a major component; therefore it creates a demand for new technology. A more close investigation will review two main characteristics and two external forces that currently affect the healthcare delivery system. Furthermore, what will be the impact of one of the characteristics and one of the external forces in review with the new affordable care act 2010? The review will demonstrate the implications to the healthcare delivery system and the impact on the affordable care act 2010.
Ravenal, E. C. (1971). The Nixon Doctrine and Our Asian Commitments. Foreign Affairs, 49(2), 201-217. Retrieved July 2, 2011 from EBSCOhost
Schipani, C. (2013). Class Action Litigation After Dukes: In Search of a Remedy for Gender Discrimination in Employment. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 46(4), 1249-1277.
The seriousness of global warming effects both the environment and the people living in it. The question is how do Americans effect the environment and what can we do to fix it? Americans everyday use automobiles as a form of transportation, and although it may seem harmless, the use of these cars are proving to be detrimental in the end. Author Margaret Kriz (2006) states that, “the vast majority of scientists who study Earth's climate agree that the planet is warming, and they blame the greenhouse gases that accumulate in the a...