Yawning: It Isn't About Oxygen Anymore
Have you ever wondered why yawns are contagious; have you ever been in class and seen someone across the room yawn and found yourself following along? Have you ever been reading a book and, upon coming across a yawning character, been moved to stretch out your own face muscles? Most likely these things have happened to almost everyone more times than they can remember. I cannot tell you how many times I have yawned in the process of researching and writing this paper. A friend of mine began to yawn uncontrollably as I discussed my ideas with her.
Yawning is a phenomenon that occurs for most people many times a day, yet it is not one that has been studied extensively by researchers. This is an unfortunate fact because he more I read about yawning and thought about number of situations in which it occurs, the more eager I became to better understand what is behind humans' tendency to yawn.
At first, one might see yawning as a silly phenomenon to spend time studying because, well, it is just what happens when we are tired; but it is more complicated than that. We yawn when we are tired, but also when we wake up, when we are bored, and even simply because we see others doing it. When one delves into the unknown of what causes a yawn, he or she will become intrigued by how mysterious the occurrence is and surprised about how little we known about it. The following will discuss the many theories that have been put forward regarding the phenomenon and its contagious qualities and explore the implications and problems with these various theories.
There exist both theories as to why we yawn and theories as to why yawns are contagious. Let us first look into why we yawn. The theory that...
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...ntagious Tendencies
http://abcnews.go.com/onair/2020/2020_000712_contagiousbehavior_feature.html
6)Island Scene Online, Speaks on why a yawn can be more contagious than the flu
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f03/web2/www.islandscene.com
7)Fetal yawning in utero, Addresses observations of fetal yawning at 20 weeks
http://www.chez.tiscali.fr/erreur404.aspx?404;http://www.chez.tiscali.fr/erreur404.asp
8)Scientific American, Addresses why we yawn and why yawning is contagious
http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=00074524-85CD-1D51-90FB809EC5880000
9)Article in press at www.elsevier.com, Discusses the impact of schizotypal personality traits
http://216.239.39.104/search?q=cache:dQgdYaaPuMkJ:www.psa.drexel.edu/papers/platek-adj.pdf+schizophrenic+yawning&hl=en&ie=UTF-8;%20A%20left-hand%20advantage%20for%20self-description
Both elevated their criminality into an art by meticulously crafting the character they were to play. Bourdin even came up with his character’s tics and background information. Whether he decided to impersonate a doctor, pilot, or lawyer, Abagnale learned about his trade by asking questions under the false pretense of an interview, as well as by researching and memorizing facts. In all of his cons, Abagnale kept the name Frank, and in Bourdin’s first con, not only did he keep his name Frederic, but the last name he chose, Cassis, was a play on his father’s name, Kaci. Both con artists altered superficial details about themselves to fit the role they were playing, all while keeping its core intact. Although these imposters used similar techniques in deceiving others, the outcome of their cons starkly contrast one another. While Abagnale’s cons resulted in him becoming a millionaire celebrated by many, Bourdin’s cons made him one of the most hated criminals.
Domestic violence can affect anyone. Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another through emotional attack, fear, and intimidation. Domestic violence or battering, often, includes the threat or use of violence; this violence is a crime. Battering occurs when one person believes he/she is entitled to control another. Domestic violence affects people in all social, economic, racial, religious, and ethnic groups; whether the couple is married, divorced, living together, or still dating. Another reality is that abusers and their victims can be gay, strait, young, or old. Violence develops from verbal, physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse. Most domestic violence victims are women by men, but that doesn’t suggest that others cannot be battered or are perpetrators of abuse -- such as women on men, or same sex abuse. Battering or domestic violence, is now mutual and it is not a ‘couple’s quarrel’. Disagreements arise occasionally in all relationships, but battering involves every aspect of a relationship. While physical violence is the “enforcer” or the criminal act, other behaviors erode the partner or victim’s sense of self, self-determination, and free will; this is ultimately lethal for many women.
Domestic violence describes a situation where one person in a relationship is using violence to control and dominate another person. Domestic violence victims and their batterers cut across all socioeconomic, demographic, and professional lines. It is an epidemic that is emphasized particularly with the female gender. While physical assault is often times the most common form of abuse, it is important to acknowledge that other forms of abuse are just as detrimental. Often times, fear and isolation are particularly powerful in preventing women from leaving a violent relationship.
I liked (-- removed HTML --) Diary Of An Oxygen Thief (-- removed HTML --) from the start to the end. The book started out compelling. The anonymous writer did very well and I wanted to keep reading to see if he would ever break his pact with himself to never have an alcoholic drink again. The writer faced many situations that he definitely could have avoided and not hurt other people's feelings. He taught himself and learned from his past experiences. I feel bad for him, because he had to make the mistakes first to even realize what harm he was doing to not only himself but everyone he dragged into his life.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue effecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003). More than one in three women in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2012). Thirty to sixty percent of perpetrators tend to also abuse children in the household (Edelson, 1999). Witnessing violence between parents or caretakers is considered the strongest risk factor of transmitting violent behavior from one generation to the next (Break the Cycle, 2006).
Knowledge is more important now than ever in using oxygen while flying in General Aviation. New high performance unpressurized aircraft are allowing more pilots to fly in the 10,000-18,000ft altitude range. Most pilots have not received proper training in the physiological effects of flying at those altitudes or the advantages and disadvantages of different oxygen systems available. Recreational pilots are most at risk for having issues using oxygen systems due to the lack of structured training.
Obstructive sleep apnea is defined as a breathing pattern that has a 0- 10% airflow for at least 10 seconds with continued and increasing respiratory effort that repeats 5 or more times in one hour. This is the most common form of sleep apnea in the US, affecting about 25 million adults. It occurs more often in males over 40. (1) OSA occurs when the soft tissue in the back of the throat relaxes while sleeping causing a blockage to airflow. The effort and impulse to breathe remains but the air is blocked. The resulting hypoxia or hypercapnia induces an increase in ventilatory effort. The pharyngeal muscles open up the airways causing a gasp or snort whereby
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
In the beginning of Hamlet, the Prince behaves as any normal person would following the death of a loved one. Not only is this a loved one, but an extra special someone; it is his loving father whom he adored. Hamlet is grief stricken, depressed, and even angry that his mother remarried so soon after his father’s death. Having witnessed how his father had treated his mother with great love and respect, Hamlet cannot understand how his mother could shorten the grieving period so greatly to marry someone like Uncle Claudius. He is incapable of rationalizing her deeds and he is obsessed by her actions.
To begin with, the definition of domestic violence is “the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another” (“What Is Domestic Violence”). Ranging from grown women to young children, many are victims to abuse. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, “nearly 20 people per minute are physically abused by an intimate partner in the United States” (“Statistics”). Just by calculating, that is 28,800 people who are abused in just ONE DAY! The scary part is that this number does not even account for the numerous cases that are not even told. Many victims are threatened or even hurt so bad that they must keep their mouth shut in fear of even worse abuse to come. Of
Researchers have tried to understand what exactly causes stuttering and where it originates. After much research, the answers are still an enigma. Stuttering has been known for centuries and occurs in all cultures (Packman, 2002). Stuttering has been the subject of many physical and mental outcomes for many decades. Researchers have seen people with PDS (persistent developmental stuttering) have a decrease in white matter in the rolandic operculum, thus there is a good hunch that stuttering could be based on an anatomical basis (Packman, 2002).
Hamlet’s attachment to his mother is quickly made evident within the first act of the famous tragedy. Hamlet, who sulks around wearing black clothing to mourn the death of his father, first speaks in the play to insult his stepfather. He voices his distaste at his new relationship with his uncle by criticizing that they are, “A little more than kin and less than kind” (I.ii.65). He believes that it...
I have looked into many topics and have decided to conduct my research on Frank William Abagnale Jr. He is a famous imposter known for his success in check fraud and many identities. On Biography.com it states that Frank Abagnale was born April 27, 1948 in Bronxville, New York and was the third of four children. His story is often known because of the movie “Catch Me If You Can”, which is based off his criminal career. Frank started off his credit card schemes as a teenager and was able to escape police custody twice by the age of 21. During this research assignment I want to find out more information on Abagnale as a con artist. I want to explore how he was able to successfully embezzle millions of dollars at such a young age. I
In Homo sapiens (genus and species of man), the notion of natural selection is observed in the way we perform our activities of daily living. In 2003, Davidson et al.2 presented data supporting the concept that craniofacial structural and anatomical changes took place for the development of speech and language. Unfortunately, the undesired consequence of this evolution facilitated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in modern humans.2
Domestic violence is skyrocketing in our society. In the U.S., as many as 1.5 million women and 850,000 men were physically assaulted by their intimate partner last year, and numerous children abused by their parents. These sad criminal acts will continue to grow in our society, unless our community takes action to stop these crimes.