Insulin Response in Low Carbohydrate Diets
With the current popularity of the Atkins diet and similar plans
that emphasize a reduced intake of carbohydrates, it is important to
understand both the theory underlying these diets and the effects of low
carbohydrate consumption on one's health. In particular, it is crucial
that anyone considering such a program understand the effects of low
carbohydrate diets on the body's insulin response, as well as
consequences of low and high insulin levels in the blood. Therefore, the
research on the insulin response to reduced carbohydrate energy bars
contained in the article "Glycemic and insulinemic responses to energy
bars of differing macronutrient composition in healthy adults" by Steven
R. Hertzler and Yeonsoo Kim should be considered.
The basic concept of the Atkins diet is that certain high
carbohydrate foods, such as bread and foods high in sugar, should be
reduced or eliminated from the diet, or at least replaced by foods lower
in carbohydrates. An example of an acceptable low carbohydrate food is
the Atkins Advantage Bar, a low-carbohydrate energy bar that is primarily
protein and fat and which represents the low carbohydrate food studied by
Hertzler and Kim. The scientific theory behind Atkins' proposed shift
from carbohydrate and toward protein and fat is that carbohydrates
theoretically elicit an increased insulin response. In this
context, "increased insulin response" means that the pancreas releases
high amounts of insulin into the bloodstream during the digestion of
carbohydrates. The Atkins theory also holds that there is a link between
high insulin levels in the blood and undesired metabolic effects. Such
effe...
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...response may suggest that these diets do not achieve this objective. A
probable explanation for the increased insulin response of the low and
moderate carbohydrate bars is that protein and/or fat are substituted for
the removed carbohydrate, and both protein and fat can trigger an
increased insulin response. However, it is more likely that the protein
triggered the insulin response since several studies have demonstrated
that dietary protein and certain amino acids, the building blocks of
protein, are insulinogenic, or insulin inducing.
Thus, participants in a low carbohydrate program may continue to
experience the adverse metabolic conditions of inhibited fat breakdown
and increased blood cholesterol. Additionally, these data suggest that
such diets might not contribute to weight loss or to bettering one's
overall health.
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