All members of society are subject to sociological rules and regulations that are often hypocritical. These hypocrisies, both concrete and unspoken, are the subject of criticism by authors the world over, utilizing various methods and styles to ridicule society's many fables.
Joseph Heller's Catch-22 and Arthur Miller's The Crucible present two stylistically dissimilar literary works that criticize hypocritical functions and conventions within society through equally contrasting methods. Hypocrisy in Heller's novel revolves around an erroneous rule called Catch-22, a twisted logic that infinitely contradicts itself and prevents deviation from its decree. In The Crucible, Miller uses puritans as paragons for hypocrisy, as they live by a set of ethics that many do not follow.
In Catch-22, opposite Miller's The Crucible, Joseph Heller utilizes his uncanny wit to present a novel fraught with dark, satiric comedy tied up in a relatively formless plot. The character of Nately acts as a focal point for many of the humorous oxymoronic criticisms contained within Catch-22, as "Nately had a bad start. He came from a good family" (Heller 34), and he ".was the finest, least dedicated man in the whole world" (35). Proliferating Catch-22, satirical dark comedy appears in every chapter, even in the depiction of death (Cockburn 179): ".McWatt turned again, dipped his wings in salute, decided, oh, what the hell, and flew into a mountain"(Heller 157). Furthermore, the plot of Catch-22 follows a cyclical structure in that repetitions of particular events recur in a planned randomness, an oxymoron that pays tribute to Catch-22 itself (Merrill 205-209). A recurring structure within Heller's novel defining his ...
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...ible are two stylistically dissimilar literary works that criticize hypocritical functions and conventions within society through equally contrasting methods of presentation.
I. Method of presentation in Catch-22
A. Dark comedy/satire
B. Roundabout plot
II. Method of presentation in The Crucible
A. Historical drama/satire
B. Demonstrative Plot
III. Bureaucratic and sociological denigration in Catch-22
A. Bureaucracy and unjust legal proceedings
B. Milo Minderbinder and Capitalism
IV. Bureaucratic and sociological denigration in The Crucible
A. Unjust legal proceedings
B. Witch trials and McCarthyism
V. Writing Style in Catch-22
A. Ambiguous language
B. Modern diction
VI. Writing style in The Crucible
A. Anachronous language
B. Archaic diction
According to the Oxford Dictionary, a crucible can be defined several ways. One of these definitions is “a place or occasion of severe test or trial.” All characters in this play have some kind of test they must face. The morals of each character are also tested in this play- their goodness, their evil, and even their ignorance of the truth behind unfolding events. The roles of victim and prosecutor in this play are twisted to depict a theme of perspective and the finding of truth. Abigail Williams is the character who does the most to twist these roles, and it is at her hands that the people of the town die.
prevent further problems. Thus the Food and Drug Act of 1906 was passed to fix the
ruinously impact a whole community, is very aptly titled. By definition, a “crucible” is “a severe test,” and the challenges faced by Miller’s characters are many. The historical events dramatized in the play reflect how core human values, including truth, justice and love, are tested under life and death conditions. The trials of the characters and the values they hold dearly come when their simple, ordered world ceases to be black and white and easily deciphered, and is turned upside down in the gray shades of ambiguity.
Life as a human is dictated by an inborn hunger or purpose, and people, in general, will act on this hunger for their own personal gain in their individual ways. This hunger, be it for wealth, land, love, power, revenge, or pride, can, and will be the undoing or failing of all mankind as Miller so clearly points out in his play 'The Crucible';. This essay will explore the motives of characters within the play and even the motives of Arthur Miller himself and therefore show how conflict stems from certain recognisable human failings including those mentioned above, fear, and hysteria.
“Pure Food and Drug Act 1906.” 34 U.S. Stats. 768, quoted in Medicine in the Americas, Bethesda, Maryland: National Library of Medicine, 2004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22116/.
The act of manufactures labeling of our foods products in terms of the ingredients a particular product contains and the nutritious facts is sometimes taken for granted, we often see the labels on our food products, but ignore them because we’re so used to seeing them in our daily lives. Surprisingly, food product labeling, specifically that pertaining to allergen warnings, were not always available to consumers until a government mandate in 2004 (FALCPA). I think part of the reason for such a lateness in regulation was due to a social stigma regarding allergies, that having them was some sort of natural selection and not an issue that should be taken care of. Another surprising notion I came across was that although there was no government regulation, manufactures of food products took a good amount of initiative in letting their consumers know of potential allergens in their products.
The momentum generated by the passage of the Meat Inspection Act helped secure the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act, which had been stalled in Congress since 1905. With these two pieces of legislation, the federal government took important steps to assure the public that the food they were eating met minimu...
...hnology and advancements in construction and others that will help the American economy. Americans are always trying to push to achieve the better and easier way of life. In the future I believe that there is going to be an economic struggle that will have a major effect on the economy. I believe this is going to happen because of the way that gas price are rising. If there are not major adjustments with the oil companies and the cost of fuel, our country is going to end up in a bind. I thing that the way the economy is going to be able to get back on its feet, is going to be from some new advancement in technology on how cars can run on minimal fuel. I believe that we are going to have political leaders that are going to rise the occasion of the fallen economy and are willing to make the changes necessary to bring our country out of this possible economical crisis.
Few people are willing to stand up to the overwhelming power of authority, especially during a time like the Red scare. Hardly any authors are able to recognize meaningful similarities between the present times and an event that happened many years ago—and write about it effectively. Only one has had the courage and intelligence to do both. Arthur Miller was an American author who wrote plays, essays, and stories and has published works dating from to 1936 through 2004. The Crucible, one of his most famous plays, premiered in New York on January 22, 1953 (InfoTrac). It is a historical-fiction story set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The witch hunt described in this play is similar to the Red Scare, an anti-communist movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy that lasted from the late 1940s to the late 1950s (Broudin). During both time periods, most people respected high authority while a few dissenters challenged conformist views. The public was censored in what they could say because of the fear of being accused of witchcraft or communism. The hysteria of the times triggered a mob-mentality to emerge among the citizens, which influenced nearly everyone to join the terrible movements. Miller presents all of these ideas in The Crucible using his own experiences as influences. He incorporated many of his own traits into the characters’ dispositions. He also described many situations in the play that were similar to the ones he was in, including how he was censored by the Red Scare. Many people will often conform while only a few will challenge authority, will use censorship to prevent others from expressing their views, and are easily affected by hysteria; these characteristics influenced Miller’s life and are reflected by him in Th...
Whorton James, review of Pure Food: Securing the Pure Food and Drug Acts of 1906, by
"Regulatory Information." Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 20 May 2009. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. .
Law, Marc. The determinants of progressive era reform: the pure food and drugs act of 1906. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. Print.
T.A., L. 1996. Richard Brown, Chartered accountant and Christian gentleman. In: Lee, T. eds. 1996. Shaping the Accountancy Profession: The Story of Three Scottish Pioneers. New York, Garland: pp. 153-221.
Lucas Pacioli was the first to describe a system of debts and credits in accord with journals and ledgers in 1494. These basics came together to be the concoction for what is known as accounting. Since the formal establishment of accounting in 1494, the field has expanded as the demands of the ever-changing economy became greater. The industrial revolution created the first jump in the field forcing the creation of sectors within. Since this first creation of sectors, accounting as a field has been creating more specific sects to accommodate a large variety of areas. The most common and large sects created this far include public and private accounting. Although both sects carry the same basis for their work, the variation between the two lies in their demographic, demands, and decoration.
Accounting has been a living part of history since the Neolithic period and remains a prevalent and ever-evolving profession still to this day. This essay therefore proposes to look at the significance and role of history specifically related to the accountancy field. In order to substantiate this claim of the importance of accounting history, numerous benefits of accounting history will be presented. Factors such as the use of historical research and its availability thereof to constantly develop accounting policies will be discussed as well as how historical accounting practices can be used to understand current practice and assist in the training of individuals in the accounting field. Lastly, the importance of history in the development