The Factors Affecting the Deflection of a Spaghetti Bridge
An Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Deflection of a
Spaghetti Bridge - Planning
* Preliminary Work
I have decided to investigate how different masses affect the
deflection of a spaghetti bridge. We have been given a selection of
different types of spaghetti. To find the type that will give me the
largest range of results I need to test each type to find the one with
the largest breaking force.
To do this I held the spaghetti in two clamp stands (one at each end
of the strand) and then applied a mass to the centre of the spaghetti.
Starting at 10g and increasing the mass by 10g each time. Each type of
spaghetti was cut to the same length of 20cm. I found that the
"Waitrose Italian Spaghetti" had the largest breaking force of
approximately 90g.
I predict that the deflection of the spaghetti bridge will increase
proportionally to the mass applied. I believe this because spaghetti
is an elastic material (it will return to its original shape when a
force is applied) and Hooke's law states that for elastic substances
the extension (deflection) is directly proportional to the stretching
force (mass applied). However, all materials have an elastic limit
(when too much mass is applied then it will no longer return to its
original shape) and will break. If the elastic limit is exceeded then
the deflection in no longer proportional to the mass applied.
* Investigation
* Hold a piece of Waitrose Italian Spaghetti in two clamp stands.
Position them so the distance between the place where the spaghetti is
attached is 20cm.
* Find the mid point ...
... middle of paper ...
... future I would attach
the mass to the spaghetti using cotton thread tied tightly so it would
not move.
To improve the experiment I would find a more accurate way of
measuring the deflection. Since using a millimetre marked ruler was
cumbersome and the spaghetti was more than 1mm thick therefore it was
difficult to decide where to measure the deflection from. I would also
find a way of preventing the ruler and hanging mass from interfering
with each other since they got in each others way during the
investigation.
Additional work, which could be carried out, is to repeat the
experiment using, a wider range of lengths of spaghetti. The
investigation could also be extended to investigate other factors
affecting the deflection such as number of strands of spaghetti,
thickness of spaghetti or type of spaghetti.
There are two main things that can be used to secure joints: balsa cement or cyanoacrylate glue. Before gluing two pieces together, lay them out on a work board or wax paper and use pins to prevent the members from moving apart; the pins should not be placed near the joints so that it is easier while gluing (Anderson 2006). Then, apply the glue to the members and make sure that they touch to create the strongest joint possible. Despite it seeming as if more glue would make a structure stronger, using bulks of glue can cause the bridge to fail as cyanoacrylate bulk will cause the joint to become more brittle (Anderson 2006). To prevent excess gluing with cyanoacrylate, a special glue applicator should be used to minimize the amount of glue added to the wood, and to increase strength with balsa cement, thin the glue out first by making the solution 30% water. This process will be utilized when constructing the bridge to ensure that the joints are sturdy enough to withstand weight and won’t be the cause of failure.
10. Then wrap the ponytail into a really tight bun and secure with a rubber band. (See Figure 1.9)
It is true that in all great literature. Clues which later seem obvious are often undetected until the story’s plot is resolved. The reader is unaware of the foreshadowing until the plot comes together. Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and " A Horseman In The Sky" identify literary elements supporting this thought.
“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,” by Ambrose Bierce is a short story about a man who seems to be lost in a world between reality and imagination. The story shows trials, triumphs, and the matters of life and death. The main character Peyton Farquhar is a proud confederate, husband, planter, and politician, not only is he all of those things but he is an optimist and this is what takes him on the journey of his life. After being put in a sticky situation he has nothing else to do but hope for a miracle. It’s not till the end that we find out Peyton has been dead throughout most of the story after breaking his neck from being hung.
The story of Owl Creek Bridge is set during the Civil War. The Owl Creek Bridge is located on a railroad in northern Alabama. It is very dark, horrid with soldiers hung over a river, and shot dead. Peyton Farquhar is a confederate soldier in the army. Peyton shows symbols, flashbacks, and foreshadowing as he is getting ready to die by execution. “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge has many examples of themes, motifs and symbols.
“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” by Ambrose Bierce starts off with the protagonist, Peyton Farquhar, standing on a railroad bridge twenty feet above the water. Farquhar stands on a plank with his wrist tied behind his back, and neck tied with rope. The Northern army surrounds him, waiting for the sergeants signal to release Farquhar upon his death. At this moment, Farquhar stares at the river below his feet, watching pieces of driftwood flow downstream. He notices the river flowing slowly. To keep his mind off the current situation, Farquhar closes his eyes, thinking about his wife and children. While thinking, he hears a loud clanking noise, which he soon realizes it to be his watch ticking. Farquhar visions himself escaping by jumping
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890-1891, depicts an antiwar motif of the American Civil War. Bierce uses dramatic irony, descriptive imagery and the theme of time. The war was fought from 1861 to 1865 after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as the “Confederacy” or the “South.” The remaining states were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war’s origin was the issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories of the United States. After four years of bloody combat, over 600,000 soldiers were dead and much of the South’s infrastructure had been destroyed. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished with the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, and reconstruction process of national unity and guaranteed rights to freed slaves began.
Ambrose Bierce weaves a tale of intrigue and captivation, by using shifts of voice and time in the story “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge�. In the first four paragraphs, Bierce begins the story using third person, and in this point of view, he creates reality. We can view the situation and all aspects while it is written in third person; we know precisely what is going on, we know it is real. Near the end of the fourth paragraph, the author shifts cleverly from third person to limited omniscient. After having us view the story in third person, Bierce transfers from reality, to the main characters' thought processes, having us view Peyton's thoughts and dreams also as reality. "He looked a moment at his "unsteadfast footing," then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream racing madly beneath his feet." (P.67) it is here where Bierce shifts and starts to mislead us, by using Peyton Farquhar's thought processes as a filter. It is a clever shift, because in this moment, we are getting closer to the time of Farquhar's death, and we have previously read reality.
“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”, to me was about a man swindled into being killed. Before you die, your whole life flashes before your eyes. But for this man, it was not his life, but what could’ve happened instead of him dying being played out in his mind. Peyton Farquhar was a slave owner from Alabama that highly supported the south.
Ambrose Bierce wrote “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” in 1890 for the San Francisco Examiner. Before this, Bierce fought in the American Civil War for the Union Army as a lieutenant. In the Civil War, Bierce fought in some of the most horrific battles such as Shiloh and Chickamauga. These battles were often gruesome and horrific due to the limited medical knowledge of the time. After the Civil War, Bierce went through a period of misfortune, where his wife left him and his son died in a gunfight. Interestingly during this time, Bierce wrote some of his best works. These tragedies made Bierce even more cynical, which inevitably made his stories better. Bierce’s cynicism is essential for the development of his stories. Another important part of his stories are the allusions to reality. A superficial reading of “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” might give the reader the impression that Farquhar has escaped. Upon closer examination, this outcome seems to be impossible. One of the most astonishing elements of “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Bridge” is how Bierce integrates Farquhar’s reality to his dream of an escape. In “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”, Ambrose Bierce creates a masterpiece of deception by using allusions.
Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge" seems to have been written to skillfully play with the minds of its readers. The ending of "An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge" can prompt the question, "What just happened?" Present becomes the past, gets lost in a sort of dream world and then comes back to the present sense again. Bierce's infamous character Peyton Farquhar is known to raise eyebrows just by the mention of his name. Farquhar's grizzly end was due to a clever disguise by a Federal Scout, but exactly how clever was it? What if this entire ordeal was planned in such a way to have Farquhar killed on purpose?
People who thinks of Thornton Wilder primarily in terms of his classic novella “Our Town,” The Bridge of San Luis Rey will seem like quite a switch. For one thing, he has switched countries; instead of middle America, he deals here with Peru. He has switched eras, moving from the twentieth century back to the eighteenth. He has also dealt with a much broader society than he did in “Our Town,” representing the lower classes and the aristocracy with equal ease. But despite these differences, his theme is much the same; life is short, our expectations can be snuffed out with the snap of a finger, and in the end all that remains of us is those we have loved.
I will use a clamp to fix a ramp on to a retort stand, from which I
Roll out the ball and with your thumb gently press the soil out over your foreigner to make a hanging ribbon
tether. Until recently, there was no material known to man that could handle the stresses involved. With