Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide
variety of information concerning limited or broad topics. However,
abundant as this information may be, it is important to maintain an
ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent
experimentations advance in light of new generations, the idea of
ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be aware of
the conflicts that their research may bring about. They must know how
to address their findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and
cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data. Coupled with data is
the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings
into the dominion of the present society and morals. Areas such as
biomedical and social-scientific research contain some of the most
ethically challenging advances. Biomedical research offers society
some of the most technologically advanced resources ranging from
treatments of diseases to gene manipulated food. Of course these
advances can be useful to a thriving society, but is it morally right?
Where do we draw the line for what is necessary and what is possible?
In social-scientific research, the same problems arise. We see issues
that cause moral conflict concerning a variety of sources that affect
society. Many authors and researchers alike face the problem of
biases, which is the issue of trying to appeal equal and moral to all
groups of society. Whether researching biomedical, social-sciences,
history, or any other topic, it is necessary to maintain and recognize
ethical issues that may arise.
One contemporary issue of ethics in bi...
... middle of paper ...
...dent that data and analysis
must be worked in together to give research the application and
understanding necessary to the reader. Biomedical and social-science
research offers some of the most advanced applications to society and
its people. Therefore research on these topics must address ethics and
morals in a way that reflects the current society. It is apparent that
as society grows; research becomes more advanced, introducing new
ideas and methods that require moral debate.
Works Cited
1. National Institute on Health. Stem Cell Basics. 12 August 2005. 4
September 2005 <
http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics1.asp>
2. Social Concerns arising form the New Genetics. 15 September 2004.
4 September 2005 <
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml>
Healthcare ethics is defined as a system of moral principles that guide healthcare workers in making choices regarding medical care. At its core lies our attitudes regarding our personal rights and obligations we have to others. When an unprecedented situation comes into play, we rely on medical ethics to help determine an outcome that would be the best case scenario for all involved. In order to appropriately review this case study, we must first identify the key stakeholders, the ethical principles, policy implications at the federal, state, and local levels, financial implications, and a viable resolution for the situation.
In the United States, the basis for ethical protection for human research subjects in clinical research trials are outlined by the Belmont Report developed in the late 1970’s. This document, published by the Nation Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, highlights three important basic principles that are to be considered when any clinical trial will involve human research subjects. They are; respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. (Chadwick & Gunn, 2004)
It is true that this patient lost her life due to religious reasons. Doing what is ethically right is the right thing to do in this type a challenge. I know it is frustrating for the healthcare team present at that time for not saving the life of this individual. But patient has the right to for his medical condition. (Right to refuse or accept care).
Abortion has been a political, social, and personal topic for many years now. The woman’s right to choose has become a law that is still debated, argued and fought over, even though it has been passed. This paper will examine a specific example where abortion is encouraged, identify the Christian world views beliefs and resolution as well as the consequences of such, and compare them with another option.
In a career that revolves completely around an individual, the patient, and their best interest, what should one do when faced with a situation between making an ethical and completely honest decision and one that “compromises the truth in service to what may be the greater good”? In the article, The Heat is On (Nancy R Kirsch, 2013), Tara, a physical therapist at Metropolitan General Hospital, is challenged with such a scenario. In the following, details of Tara’s situation will be described, a few principles of the Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist which may offer guidance for Tara will be given, as well as what I think Tara should do, or what I would do if I were in a similar situation.
Resnik, D. B. U.S. Department of Health and Human Servies, (2011). What is ethics in research & why is it important?. Retrieved from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences website: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
We are going to explore the world of ethical issues in psychology. As in any medical or mental health fields there are rules we all must follow as professionals. In this essay today we will be exploring a case study where we have a young lady who has been stricken by a mental disability. We will be looking at the facts in which her disability was handled by a professional in the field of psychology. We also will be discussing the rights and wrongs that are presented in her case study. We will also be discussing the APA ethical codes and gain a clearer understanding of where some things went wrong and why shall we begin.
What do you think of when you hear or see the word “science”; test tubes, Einstein, Space? Science is “generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics, etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from observed fact” (Orwell). Scientists are those who study science by scientific method. These “men of science”, which Orwell describes as “a biologist, and astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a mathematician”, “work by means of induction and deduction, and that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, wring from Nature certain other things, which are called natural laws, and causes, and that out of these, by some cunning skill of their own, they build up hypotheses and theories” (Huxley).
Ethics refers to the values and customs of a community at a particular point in time. At present, the term ethics is guided by the moral principles that guide our everyday actions. These moral principles guide the researcher into deciding what is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. The foundation of medical ethics is governed by two philosophical frameworks that are deontology, and utilitarianism. However ultimately the ethics committees need to balance the risks, and benefits for the participants and the community associated with the particular research proposal. This balance is quite important as the well being of participants is at risk.7
“If the focus of Psychology is to promote human welfare, harming another would not only prevent achieving this goal, it would thwart it.” (Kitchener & Kitchener, 2009, p.13). When researchers do not follow the ethical principles of research then their studies become unethical, and hold a poor standard. Ethical principles are based on basic social principles, but have really only been defined in the last 15 years of research. Many researchers such as Darley and Latané did not have these guidelines to follow, which is evident in the way in which their studies do not follow these ethical guidelines. This essay will examine Darley and Latané’s 1968 studies and discuss how they are not considered to be ethical.
Looking back at my memories, I can safely say that I enjoyed two things during primary school; science and reading. Although biomedical science is hardly “plant a seed and watch it grow”, small observations such as the plant certainly sparked some interesting questions for a 10 year old. “How does the seed know which way is up when it’s in the soil? Why does the plant grow towards the sunlight?” It often frustrated me that I could never get the answers to all my questions. Growing up, I still have multitudes of questions without an answer, ranging from science specific questions such as “How can the pandemic of obesity and its related diseases be prevented in the Western World?” to ethical debates; “the gene for converting yellow fat to brown
In this case, the psychologist is presented with several ethical issues which could cause harm to the client. The first ethical issue that arose in this case is the potential for a role conflict. The psychologist and Mr. Hartwig had contact prior to the development of a therapeutic relationship when the psychologist bought a car from Mr. Hartwig. It may not be enough that the brief, informal relationship ended. The psychologist must assess the dimensions of the previous relationship from the viewpoint of the client as well as his/her own personal feelings (Koocher & Keith-Spiegel, 2008). For example, the client could feel that he gave the psychologist a good deal and that the psychologist was indebted to him. This could leave the psychologist vulnerable to being manipulated by the client. Or, what if the car broke down? This could leave the psychologist feeling cheated and resulted in hostile feelings toward the client. The psychologist has an ethical responsibility to examine both relationships for role incompatibility prior to forming a therapeutic relationship. The psychologist seemed to be aware that there was the potential role conflict resulting from their initial meeting, and he acted ethically by attempting to refer Mr. Hartwig to a Psychology Registry.
The article titled “Contemporary Ethical Analyses: A Shortfall in Scientific Knowledge” describes the ethics through the public’s eye. One of the major ethical issues brought up is informed consent.
Ethics is the study of moral values and the principles we use to evaluate actions. Ethical concerns can sometimes stand as a barrier to the development of the arts and the natural sciences. They hinder the process of scientific research and the production of art, preventing us from arriving at knowledge. This raises the knowledge issues of: To what extent do moral values confine the production of knowledge in the arts, and to what extent are the ways of achieving scientific development limited due to ethical concerns? The two main ways of knowing used to produce ethical judgements are reason, the power of the mind to form judgements logically , and emotion, our instinctive feelings . I will explore their applications in various ethical controversies in science and arts as well as the implications of morals in these two areas of knowledge.
Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of biomedical research, qualitative research scientific research ,health care research or any other researches. In addition, research ethics educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure a high ethical standard. It involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics involving research, including scientific research .Ethics are important in research as they provide researchers with guidelines of avoiding plagiarism, and how to list authors that a researcher would have used and they allow for the sharing of data and they protect and minimize human risk for participants involved in research and they protect and respect human rights in